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Microscope and Questions

The document discusses different types of microscopes used to study microorganisms. It describes the parts and use of light microscopes, which use lenses to magnify specimens up to 1000x and can resolve objects down to 250 nanometers. Electron microscopes provide even greater magnification over 100,000x and higher resolution of 0.1 nanometers using magnetic lenses and electron beams. While light microscopes are used to study bacterial staining and motility, electron microscopes are needed to view ultrastructures of microbes and viruses due to their much smaller size.

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23 views14 pages

Microscope and Questions

The document discusses different types of microscopes used to study microorganisms. It describes the parts and use of light microscopes, which use lenses to magnify specimens up to 1000x and can resolve objects down to 250 nanometers. Electron microscopes provide even greater magnification over 100,000x and higher resolution of 0.1 nanometers using magnetic lenses and electron beams. While light microscopes are used to study bacterial staining and motility, electron microscopes are needed to view ultrastructures of microbes and viruses due to their much smaller size.

Uploaded by

noorangwed
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microscope

By Prof Dr Mona Gharib


• Different types of microscopes have developed in order to study
different types of microorganisms and their ultra-structures.
•
Light microscope:

• This is a compound microscope which has two systems of lenses for


greater magnification:

1. Ocular eyepiece lens to look through.


2. Objective lens, close to the object.
Parts of light microscope:

• Eyepiece Lens: the lens at the top that you look through, usually 10 x
or 15x power.

• Tube: Connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses.

• Arm: Supports the tube and connects it to the base.

• Base: Supports the microscope.


Parts of light microscope:

• Condenser Lens: Focus the light onto the specimen. It can be moved
up and down. It is set very close to the slide using oil immersion lens at
100x and moved further away at the lower powers.

• Diaphragm or Iris: It is used to vary the intensity of light that is


projected upward into the slide.
Parts of light microscope:

• Stage: Flat platform where slides are put.


• Revolving Nosepiece: Holds objective lenses and can be rotated.

• Objective Lenses: Consist of 4x, 10x, 40x and 100x powers.


• When coupled with a 10x eyepiece lens, total magnification is 40x,
100x ,400x and 1000x.
• When using oil immersion lens, oil is needed as it has the same
refractive length of condenser lens to prevent scattering of light .
Parts of light microscope:

• Source of light: It could be lamp or day light.


• Mirror: Plane mirror is used on examination by oil immersion lens,
concave mirror is used with high or low powers.
Light microscope
Importance
• Light microscope is used to study the morphology of bacteria in
stained smear using oil immersion lens and in unstained smear to detect
motility of bacteria by hanging drop method using low and high
powers.
Definition

• Resolution is the power to distinguish between two close dots. A light


microscope can only resolve two objects that are bigger than 250
nanometers.
Electron Microscope

• The source of illumination are electrons with a very short


wavelength, allowing much greater magnification and resolution than
light microscope.
• Electron microscopes have objective lenses in the form of a magnetic
field which is used to create “lenses” that direct and focus the
electrons with an electromagnetic condenser.
Electron Microscope

• Images are viewed through an eyepiece, or projected onto a screen or


photographic plate.

• Electron microscopes have resolution power of 0.1 nm and can


magnify objects 100,000 times or more.

• The electron microscope is used to study ultra-structures of


microorganisms and viruses.
Light and electron microscopes
Questions on microscopes
• What type of lens is used in bacteriology ? why ?
• Why you put oil on the slide in order to see bacteria ?
• Can viruses be seen with light microscope ?why?
• If no ,what type of microscope is used ?
• Give an example of a virus that can be seen by a light microscope

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