PSchool

ence
Sci PSchool Learning App
Simple and effective learning
activities that kids love.

Practice Makes the Learning

Permanent.

Our app is affordable.

Just Rs 500 per year.

Scan the QR code given

below, or visit our
website www.pschool.in

info@pschool.in 7938-239-039
Not For Sale!
 Table of Content

1. States of Matter 1
2. Matter and Materials 2
3. Properties of Matter 4
4. Force 7
5. Work 12
6. Energy 14
7. Plants 18
8. Plants Habitat 20
9. Reproduction in Plants 23
10. Nutrients 27
11. Food and Hygine 33
12. Food Preservatives 38
13. Water 42
14. Water Cycle 50
15. Water Management 54
16. Science in Kitchen 57
17. Gadgets 61
18. Everyday Science 63
19. Air 64
20. Air we Breathe 66
21. Atmosphere 68
22. Human Body 72
23. Human Body - 2 76
24. Human Body - 3 82
25. Solar System 86
26. Domestic Animals 91
27. Life of Animals 95
28. Adaptation in Animals 98
29. Food Chain 104
30. Environment 108
31. Introduction to Computers 110
32. Computer: Input Devices 112
33. Computer System 114
34. Light 116
35. Sound 118
 www.pschool.in/matter-3

States of Matter 4. Which of the following does not have volume and
shape?
States of Matter a. solid
We can see a number of things around us. Everything b. liquid
we can see and touch is made up of matter. Anything c. gas
that occupies space and has mass is called matter.

5. The amount of matter present in an object is

What is Mass? measured by _______.
Mass is a measure of how much matter is present in a. volume
an object. The air we breathe, the food we take, and the b. state of matter
water we drink, all have matter in them. c. space
d. mass
What is Volume?
The space occupied by an object is called its volume. Classify the below as liquid and gas.
smoke, wind, cloud, honey, oil, water, water vapour,
Three states of Matter juice, spray, LPG
Solid, liquid and gas are the three states of matter. Liquid Gas
Solid has fixed shape and fixed volume. eg: pencil, bat,
bag, apple, stone, book.
Liquid does not have fixed shape. It takes the shape of
its container. eg: milk, honey, water, juice, oil, petrol.
Gas does not have fixed shape and volume. eg: cloud,
smoke, gas cylinder (LPG), spray, water vapour, wind.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Volume is the ______ occupied by an object. True or False
a. matter 1. Gas has no mass.
b. weight 2. Everything we can see is made up of matter.
c. mass 3. Gas has no fixed volume.
d. space 4. The space occupied by an object is called mass.
5. Cloud is a form of gas.
2. How many states of matter are there?
a. five Match the related ones.
b. four
c. two space occupied gas
d. three total matter solid
no volume volume
3. Which of the following has volume but does not drink mass
have shape? fixed shape liquid
a. gas
b. solid Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
c. liquid 1. ______ is a measure of how much matter is in an
object.
2. ______ is the space occupied by an object.
3. ______ has no fixed shape but has fixed volume.
1
 www.pschool.in/matter-3

4. ______ is a gas. Multiple Choice Questions

5. ______ has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. 1. Solid becomes ______ on heating.
Volume Smoke Mass Gas Liquid a. gas
b. liquid
Change in States of Matter c. water vapour
Matters change their state as the temparature d. water
changes. Solid changes to liquid and liquid changes into
gas on heating. Gas becomes liquid and liquid becomes 2. Change of solid into liquid on heating is called
solid on cooling. ______.
a. freezing
Melting b. evaporation
Change of solid into liquid on heating is called melting. c. melting
For example, if ice (solid) is heated, it will change into
water (liquid). 3. Change of gas into liquid on cooling is called ______.
a. freezing
Evaporation b. condensation
Change of liquid into vapour on heating is called c. evaporation
Evaporation. For example, if water is heated, it will
change into steam. 4. Water becomes _____ on heating.
a. atmosphere
Freezing b. cloud
Change of liquid into solid on cooling is known as c. water vapour
freezing. For example, water (liquid) poured in ice-tray
and placed in the freezer (fridge), gets cooled and 5. Change of liquid into solid on cooling is called ______.
becomes ice (solid).

Condensation a. freezing
Change of gas into liquid on cooling is called b. evaporation
condensation. For example; clouds (gas) on cooling c. melting
condense and fall as rain (liquid)
True or False
Experiment 1. When ice is heated, it becomes water.
Take a balance. Keep an air filled football in one plate 2. Change of gas into liquid on cooling is called
and an empty football in another plate. What happens? condensation.
Air filled ball goes down. It is because air has mass. 3. Water is commonly avaiable in gas form.
4. Metals like gold, iron cannot be melted.
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. 5. Change of liquid to gas is called evaporation.
1. _________ from ocean and rivers _________ and form
clouds. Fuel
2. Clouds are in _________ state. They get cooled by Paper, firewood, dried leaves and charcoal can be
breeze and fall as _________ . burnt. Liquids like kerosene, petrol and diesel also burn
3. If we put water in _________ , it becomes _________ . on heating. Domestic gas burns and helps in cooking.
ice freezer gas Water evaporate Substances when burnt give out heat. But in some
rain substances, the heat released is very low. Thus, these
are not used for heating purpose.

2
 www.pschool.in/matter-3

Substances that give out more heat while burning are 5. Domestic gas (LPG) helps in cooking.
used for heating purpose.
These substances are called fuels. Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
Electrical energy is also used as fuel for cooking and 1. Cars run on ___________ .
transporting. 2. ___________ is used for cooking.
3. Oven uses ___________ energy.
Multiple Choice Questions 4. Substances that give lot of heat on burning is called
1. Gas has ______. ___________ .
a. volume 5. ___________ is the liquid fuel commonly used for
b. shape cooking.
c. mass Kerosene fuel electrical LPG petrol

2. _____ is used for heating and preparing food. Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
a. Gas 1. Fuel gives _____ energy on burning.
b. Paper 2. An example for solid is _____ .
c. Fuel 3. An example for liquid is _____ .
4. Moving air in the atmosphere is called _____ .
3. _______ energy is also used as fuel. 5. The measure of matter in an object is called _____ .
a. Glucose heat stone water wind mass
b. Electrical
c. Magnetic Match the related ones.

4. ______ is the common fuel used in cars. solid to liquid freezing

a. Petrol water to vapour melting
b. Charcoal vapour to liquid evaporation
c. Firewood liquid to solid condensation
d. LPG

Matter and Materials

5. ______ is the common fuel used in cooking.
a. Paper Materials

b. LPG We can see lot of things around us. The matter from

c. Petrol which a thing is made of is called material. For example:

Chair is made of wood, Eraser is made of rubber, Candle

6. LPG stands for _____. is made of wax.

a. Light Petrol Gas

b. Liquid Petroleum Gas Properties of Materials

c. Liquid Petrol Gas We can measure, see or feel the materials. Different
types of material have different properties that make

True or False them useful for various purposes. Most materials have

1. Fuels are mainly used for cooking and transportation. more than one property. They can be hard or soft, shiny
or dull, smooth or rough and flexible or rigid.

2. Electrical energy cannot be used as fuel. Hard and Soft

3. Water does not catch fire. Materials which cannot be easily compressed, cut,

4. All solid matter can be used as a fuel. bent or scratched are called hard materials. eg: brick,
3
 www.pschool.in/matter-4

bone and steel. Classify the below as shiny and dull materials.
Materials which can be easily compressed, cut, bent or mirror, candle, paper, stainless steel, jute bag, gold,
scratched are called soft materials. eg: foam, clay and wood, diamond
skin. Shiny Dull

Shiny and Dull

Materials which reflect the light well are called shiny
materials. eg: stainless steel, gold and diamond.
Materials which do not reflect the light well are called
dull materials. eg: candle, paper and jute bag.

Rough and Smooth

Materials which have ups and downs on their surface Classify the below as rough and smooth materials.
are called rough materials. eg: brick, rock and tyre. plate, silk cloth, tiles, rock, brick, tyre, mirror
Materials which do not have ups and downs on their Rough Smooth
surface are called smooth materials. eg: mirror, silk
cloth and tiles.

Flexible and Rigid

Materials which can be bent or stretched easily are
known as flexible materials. eg: rubber band, electric
wire and cycle tube.
Materials which cannot be bent or stretched easily are
known as rigid materials. eg: stick, wooden scale and Classify the below as flexible and rigid materials.
stone. rubber band, electric wire, cycle tube, stone, wooden
scale, steel pipe
Waterproof Materials Flexible Rigid
Materials that do not allow water to pass through them
are called Waterproof Materials. eg: raincoat and
aluminium foil of tablet strip.

Classify the below as hard and soft materials.

cotton, wood, brick, bone, steel, clay, eraser, skin, foam
Hard Soft

Match the related ones.

rough gold
smooth cotton
shiny steel
soft tiles
hard rock

4
 www.pschool.in/matter-4

Match the related ones. 5. Which of the following is not made of rubber?
a. candle
wood bricks b. tyre
paper spoon c. eraser
stainless steel book
mud jar True or False
glass chair 1. Aluminium foil of tablet strips are waterproof.
2. Gold and diamond are examples of shiny material.
Match the related ones. 3. Cycle tube is not flexible.
4. Plastic scale is flexible but wooden scale is not
leather table flexible.
wood dress 5. Car tyres are smooth.
rubber candle
wax tyre Pick the odd one out.
cotton shoe 1. brick, pine apple, silk cloth, coir
2. stone, rubber band, cycle tube, electric wire
Multiple Choice Questions 3. pen, sun, candle, torch
1. Materials that can be bent are called _____. 4. rain coat, jerkin, umbrella, sponge
a. rigid 5. glass bottle, paper plate, wooden board
b. hard
c. soft Light
d. flexible We see the world around us with the help of light.
Where do we get light from? Light may come either from
2. Which of the following is not a soft material? the Sun or from other sources like an electric lamp or a
a. cotton bulb. The objects that give off light are called light
b. skin sources.
c. clay
d. mirror Transparent,Translucent and Opaque objects
Transparent objects allow the light to pass through
3. The materials that does not allow water to pass them. So, we can see things on the other side of the
through are called _________ materials. object. eg: air, glass and pure water.
a. dry Translucent objects allow some light to pass through
b. waterproof them. So, we cannot see objects clearly, but we see
c. wet them as blurred images through them. eg: paper soaked
d. hard in oil, snow and vegetable oil.
Opaque objects do not allow light to pass through
4. Which of the following is called the natural source of them. So, we cannot see through these objects. eg:
light? wood, stone and metals.
a. The Sun
b. Torch light Experiment
c. Electric light Material Required: torch light, mirror, dark room
d. The Moon Direct the torch light on the mirror. You can observe the
light getting reflected and falling on some other part of
the room. If we tilt the mirror, the position of the
reflected light changes.
5
 www.pschool.in/matter-4

Match the related ones.

Classify the below sentences as true and false
1. All solids are opaque. light source metal
2. If we tilt the mirror, the direction of reflection does waterproof glass
not change. transparent rain coat
3. Transparent objects are invisible to human eyes. translucent Sun
4. Paper soaked in oil is translucent. opaque vegetable oil
5. We see the world around us with the help of light.
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
Multiple Choice Questions 1. We see the world around us with the help of
1. Which is not a source of light? ____________ .
a. mirror 2. The objects that give off light are called light
b. bulb ____________ .
c. sun 3. Light usually get ____________ from mirror.
4. Wood is ____________ , but glass is ____________ .
2. The material that does not allow light to pass light sources reflected opaque
through are called ______. transparent
a. translucent
b. transparent Matter and Materials
c. opaque
Matter and Materials

3. Which of the following is not a transparent object? Our needs have increased in the modern days and we

a. air use number of things in our daily life. We get some of

b. pure water them from the nature and some other things are

c. glass manufactured artificially. The things you use like pen,

d. paper pencil, ink, eraser, note book, ball and the food you eat,
all have different nature and characteristics. They are

4. Which of the following is not an opaque object? obtained by transforming the natural and artificial

a. stone substances.

b. wood We know, matter can exist in three physical states:

c. metal solid, liquid and gas. It is made up of molecules and the

d. oil molecules are made up of atoms.

In solids, molecules are very closely arranged. Solids

5. Which of the following reflect light? are incompressible. They have definite shape, size and

a. wood volume.

b. air In liquids, molecules are loosely packed. Hence, liquids

c. glass are semi compressible. They have definite volume, but

d. mirror no definite shape and size.

In gases, molecules are very loosely packed. Hence,
gases are highly compressible.
A material is a mixture of substances that constitute
an object. They can be pure or impure, natural or man
made. Materials are needed to get the things needed for
our daily life. We need food, dress and many other
goods for our daily living. Natural and man made

6
 www.pschool.in/matter-5

materials are transformed to produce these things. 1. The things like pen, pencil, ink, eraser are _______.
a. both manmade and natural
Household Goods b. natural
These are the products that we use in our house c. manmade
permanently. The goods that are found in a house
permanently are called household goods. Some 2. Matters are made up of ______.
household goods are: furniture, kitchenware, cloths, a. molecules
towels, beddings, boots and electronic goods. b. mass
c. volume
Sinking and Floating d. space
You could have seen that some objects float in water
while others sink. Whether an object floats or sinks is 3. Which of the following is not soluble in water?
determined by its density. When an object is immersed a. sugar
into a liquid, the liquid exerts an upward force on the b. sand
object. It is known as upthrust. What happens if you put c. salt
a coin and an empty water bottle in water? The weight
of the coin is greater than the upthrust and so the coin 4. Gas is _______.
sinks. But weight of the empty water bottle is less and a. not compressible.
so it floats. b. highly compressible
c. slightly compressible
Solubility in Water
Some substances completely dissolve in water. We say 5. Molecules are made up of _______.
that these substances are soluble in water. Other a. solid
substances do not dissolve in water even after we stir b. liquid
for long time. These substances are insoluble in water. c. other molecules
d. atoms
Experiment
Take a small cup of water and add a small amount of 6. The things that are permanently present in our house
salt. Stir it with a spoon. Check whether salt is soluable are called _______.
in water. Repeat the same experiment with sugar, saw a. permanent goods
dust and sand. b. essential goods
c. household goods
Mixing of liquids
Certain liquids are heavier (dense) than other liquids. 7. Which of the following is not an essential goods?
When you attempt to mix liquids which have different a. house
densities they separate when you stop mixing them. b. dress
The heavier liquid deposits at the bottom and the c. food
lighter liquid floats on the top. For example, oil and d. television
water do not mix together.
True or False
Multiple Choice Questions 1. In gases, molecules are loosely packed.
2. Liquids are highly compressible.
3. Manmade goods are also known as artificial goods.
4. All solids sink in water.
5. Every things we use are manmade.
7
 www.pschool.in/matter-5

Cotton grows well in black soil and alluvial soil. The

Classify the below. cotton plant bears a large number of small green pods
coin, iron balls, cotton, water bottle, paper called cotton balls. These balls contain seeds covered
Sinking Floating with white fibres. When the cotton balls mature, they
burst exposing the white fibre of cotton. Cotton is
usually hand picked from the plants.

Ginning
The raw fibres are separated from the seeds by a
process known as Ginning. The fibrous material left
after separating cotton seeds is called lint. The lint is
then tied and pressed into balls. Short fibres and other
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. impurities are removed by the process of combing.
1. Furniture is a _________ goods.
2. All matter are made up of _________ . Spinning
3. Molecules are made up of _________ . The process of making yarn from lint (fibre) is called
4. Salt is _________ in water, but sand is _________ in spinning. Spinning is done on a large scale with the help
water. of spinning machines.
insoluble molecules household atoms
soluble Yarn to fabrics
Weaving and knitting are the two most important
Match the related ones. processes used for making fabric from the yarn. The
process of making two sets of yarns together to make
sugar compressible fabric is called weaving. It is done by weavers on a
saw dust manmade machine called loom. The looms are either hand-
gas insoluble operated (hand looms) or power-operated. During
kitchenware soluble knitting a single yarn is used to make a piece of fabric. It
pen household goods is done by hand and also on machine.

Fibres Uses of cotton

Fibre is a thin thread of natural or artificial substances. 1. It is used for making dhotis, sarees, bedsheets, table
It is used to make cloths with the help of powerlooms or cloth and other textiles and garments.
weaving machines. 2. It is used as fillers in pillows and mattresses.
The fibres we get from plants and animals are called 3. It used for making surgical bandages.
natural fibres. Cotton, jute, coir, flax, hemp are examples
for plant fibres. Wool and silk are examples for animal Jute
fibres. Jute fibre is obtained from the stem of the jute plant.
Fibres made by humans by chemical synthesis are Jute plant has long, soft and shiny fibres. It is also
called synthetic fibres or artificial fibre. Rayon, nylon, referred to as the golden fibre due to its colour and cost
acrylic and dacron are examples for artificial fibres. effectiveness. Jute fibres are separated from the
These fibres are obtained from petroleum by complex process of retting jute by hand and then they are dried.
chemical processes. These are converted into yarns in the same manner as
cotton.
Cotton
A cotton plant is a bushy plant of 5 to 6 feet high. Uses of Jute

8
 www.pschool.in/matter-5

1. It is used for making bags, carpets, curtains and 4. Coir is extracted from _____.
ropes. a. banana tree
2. It is used for making sacks for storing grains. b. cashewnut
3. It is used for making wall hangings for decoration. c. baniyan tree
d. coconut
Coir
Coir fibre is obtained from the outer covering of 5. Fishing nets are usually made up of _____.
coconut. It is used to make floor mats, door mats, a. polyester
brushes and mattresses. b. cotton
c. nylon
Synthetic Fibres d. coir
These fibres are made by human beings with the help
of chemical process. They are also called as manmade 6. Pick the correct order in the manufaturing process
fibre. These fibres are obtained from coal, petroleum of cotton fabric.
and natural gas. a. Combing, Spinning, Weaving, Ginning
b. Ginning, Combing, Spinning, Weaving
Uses of synthetic fibres c. Spinning, Combing, Ginning, Weaving
1. Rayon is used to make rope, cloth, cap, tyre cords
and carpets. Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
2. Nylon is used to make fishing nets, ropes, 1. Cotton grows well in ________ soil. The process of
parachutes, fabrics and bristles for brushes. separating seeds is called ________ . Short fibres and
3. Polyester is used to make fabric for suits and shirts, other impurities are removed by the process of
hoses, conveyer belts, films, PET bottles and wires. ________ . The process of making yarn is called
4. Acrylic is used to make sweaters, shawls and ________ . Two sets of yarns are linked together through
blankets. the process of ________ .
combing weaving black spinning
Multiple Choice Questions ginning
1. Ginning is the process of _______.
a. separating seeds from cotton Classify the below.
b. making yarn nylon, silk, cotton, coir, rayon, jute, acrylic, wool,
c. removing impurities polyester
Natural Artificial
2. Floor mats are usually made up of _____.
a. cotton
b. coir
c. jute

3. Jute is extracted from the _____ of the plant.

a. stem
b. fruit
c. root True or False
d. flower 1. Wool and silk are examples of animal fibres.
2. Nylon is used in making shirts.
3. Sacks used to store grains are made from jute.
4. Coir is used in preparing surgical bandages.
9
 www.pschool.in/matter-5

5. Water bottles are made from polyester. common wheat products are bread, cake and pasta.

Match the related ones. Maize

In many tropical and sub tropical countries (Mexico
Coir Bags and America) maize is the main food that people eat. It
Jute Parachutes is also rich source of many vitamins and minerals. Corn
Cotton PET bottles syrup is used as a sweetener instead of sugar in many
Polyester Brushes products.
Nylon Sarees
Rice
Crossword Rice is a type of grass. Ninety percent of the world's
3 7 rice production is in Asia. White rice contains few
essential nutrients. Brown rice is a whole grain that
1
contains the fibrous bran. Brown rice is usually
6 considered much healthier than white rice.

8
Millets
4 Millets are a group of small seeded grasses. They are
widely grown around the world as cereal crops for
2
fodder and human food. It helps in weight loss. It is rich
in fibre. Some of the millet products are sorghum, fox
tail millet, finger millet, pearl millet, Barnyard millet.
5

Multiple Choice Questions

Across 1. Bread and cake are usually made from ______.
1 : Salt is ______ in water. (7) a. wheat
2 : Sacks used to store grains are made of _____. (4) b. maize
4 : It is considered as a soft fabric. (6) c. rice
5 : The thread we get from fibre. (4) d. millets
6 : It is used to measure the amount to matter (4)
Down 2. The common grain that grows in Mexico is ______.
3 : Matters are made up of _____. (8) a. maize
6 : Everything is made up of ______. (6) b. rice
7 : cotton comes from a _____. (5) c. barely
8 : The fibre extracted from coconut. (4) d. wheat

Grains 3. ______ syrup is used as a sweetener.

Grain is a small, hard, dry seed. Each grain is protected a. Corn
by a husk. Two main types of commercial grain crops b. Wheat
are cereals and legumes. Wheat, maize, rice, beans, c. Rice
peas, barely and millets are some of the whole grains. d. Millet

Wheat
This is the most important crop in the world. Wheat is
rich in fibre, vitamins and minerals. Some of the

10
 www.pschool.in/matter-5

4. _______ are commonly used as fodder for cattles. Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
a. Corn 1. Grain is a small, hard, dry ________ and they are
b. Wheat protected by a ________ . Two main types of commercial
c. Rice grain crops are cereals and ________ .
d. Millets 2. Some of the common wheat products are bread,
________ and pasta.
5. Rice is majorly produced in ______. 3. In many ________ countries, maize is the main food
a. Africa that people eat.
b. Australia seed cake husk tropical legumes
c. Asia
d. Europe Force
6. Another name for maize is ______. Force: Push and Pull

a. brown rice In everyday life, we push or pull things to move them. A

b. fibre push or pull is called force. This force helps us to do

c. corn many things. It can make an object move. It can stop a

moving object. It can change the shape of an object,

True or False change the speed of the moving object and change the

1. Rice is grown a type of grass. size of the object. There are different types of forces

2. Maize is commonly used as fodder for cattles. that act on a body.

3. White rice is healthier than brown rice. When you throw a ball up, no matter how high it goes, it

4. Millets are a group of small seeded grasses. is sure to come down. This is because of gravitational

5. Grains are protected by husk. force. This force attracts objects to the center of the
earth.

Find the given words from the table. When two objects touch each other, a special type of
force develops between them. This special force is
L Y B G C R O P A G called friction. Friction slows down movements. When
friction is very less, things move easily. When friction is
U U I O E R I I H U
more, it becomes difficult to move things. A wet floor is
Q T R L R Z G C P G slippery because there is very little friction. Friction
makes it possible for you to write. You cannot hold a
T N M S E R D W E K
pencil in your hand without friction. It would slip out
F T S I A M H G K G from your hands. The pencil cannot make a mark on the
paper without friction.
O A M I L E G U M E

D Z N A A L A D S P Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.

D I M T I O E Z P K 1. We push or _________ things to _________ them. A
push or pull is called _________ .
E I E U O Z Z T E O
2. Force can change the _________ of an object.
R C I B A R E L Y Y 3. Friction slows down _________ . A wet floor is
slippery because there is very little _________ .
CROP, CEREAL, LEGUME, MILLET, GRAIN, WHEAT, RICE, pull move movements force shape
CORN, HUSK, MAIZE, BARELY, FODDER friction

11
 www.pschool.in/force-3

Multiple Choice Questions Types of Force

1. _________ helps to pull big and heavy things? At a broad level, force can be classified into contact
a. engine and non-contact forces.
b. computer
c. television Contact Force
When a force is applied by touching the object, it is
2. Kicking a ball is an example of a _________ called contact force.
a. speed eg: lighting a match stick, throwing a ball.
b. pull
c. push Non-Contact Force
When a force is applied without touching the object, it
3. A ball is pushed to the top of a hill. When it rolls is called non-contact force.
down, it will _____________ Eg: Vaccum cleaner, magnet, gravitation
a. go faster
b. stop Muscular Force
c. go slower The force applied by using parts of our body is called
muscular force.
4. Picking up a ball is an example of _______ We use our legs to pedal our bicycle. We use our hands
a. pull to make some model from clay.
b. push
c. stretch Mechanical Force
The force applied by a machine is called mechanical
5. When I ____________________, I move it away from me. force.
Eg: Using bulldozer to dig ground. Grinding using a
mixer grinder.
a. kick a ball
b. pull a chair Gravitational Force
The Earth pulls all the objects towards itself. The force
6. A push or pull cannot change an object's _________ . applied by the Earth to pull objects towards itself is
a. direction called gravitational force.
b. weight
c. shape Magnetic Force
A magnet is a material that attracts things made of
Drag and drop: Classify push and pull. iron. The force that attracts things is called magnetic
lifting weights, pedaling cycle, switching on light, force.
putting on gloves, kicking a ball
Push Pull Frictional Force
When we roll down a ball on grass ground, it slows
down and finally stops. We know that an object cannot
stop without force. The force that stopped the ball is
frictional force. Force exerted by the surface when an
object moves over it is called Frictional force.
When we use eraser on a paper, the shape of the eraser
changes. It is because of the friction between the erasor
and the paper.

12
 www.pschool.in/force-3

Friction is a force between two surfaces in contact or Drag and drop in the right boxes.
when they slide over one another. mechanical, vaccum cleaner, muscular, frictional,
Early man accidentally discovered fire by rubbing two kicking a ball, gravitation, magnet
flint stones together. The frictional force between two Contact Force Non-Contact Force
stones created a spark.
If you put your palm together and rub them against
each other. You can feel the heat on your palm.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Lighting a match is an example of
a. frictional force
b. magnetic force
c. gravitational force Select the word with the correct spelling.
1. accidant, accident, acidant
2. Dried leaves from the tree fall to the ground because 2. sarface, surface, sarfase, surfase
of 3. different, differant, diferant, diferent
a. frictional force 4. movment, movement
b. gravitational force 5. slipary, slipery, slippery, slippary
c. mechanical force 6. classified, clasified, classifeid
7. gravitation, gravetation, gravitetion
3. The electric fan rotates because of 8. muscular, mascular, musculer, masculer
a. mechanical force 9. mechanicel, machanicel, machanical, mechanical
b. muscular force 10. eraser, erasor, erasar
c. gravitational force
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
4. We travel on a bicycle using 1. A ____________ is needed to make a stationary object
a. muscular force move.
b. mechanical force 2. The force applied with the help of muscle is called
c. a force ____________ force.
3. The reason for the fruits to fall from the tree is
5. The shape of the eraser changes because of ____________ .
a. mechanical force 4. Force changes the speed and ____________ .
b. gravitational force 5. Magnets attracts things made of ____________ .
c. frictional force 6. Early humans discovered fire by rubbing ____________
stones.
True or False force muscular flint gravitation
1. We don't need force to stop a moving body. direction iron
2. Gravitation is a pull force.
3. Gravitation is a contact force. Work
4. Magnet attracts things that are made up of iron and
plastic. Work

5. Magnetic force is a non-contact force. An action in which one exerts a force to move an

6. To ride a bicycle, we use muscular force. object is known as work. Force is applied to do some

7. Magnetic force is always a push force. work.

When can we say that work is done or not? Two main
13
 www.pschool.in/work-4

conditions are needed for word to be done. explained about energy.

1. A force should act on an object.
2. Object should move from one place to another. Multiple Choice Questions
When the force acting on the object makes it move it is 1. Which of the following is not a source of renewable
said to be done a work. energy?
a. solar
Mention whether work is done or not in the following b. wind
activity. c. water
1. Throwing a ball up d. natural gas
2. Sleeping on bed
3. Holding a doll 2. If the object does not move on apply of force, then
4. Pushing the door the work done is _______.
5. Sitting in a bus a. zero
6. Moving a trolly in a supermarket b. very small
7. Pushing a wall c. cannot be measured
8. Riding a bicycle
9. Digging soil 3. What is required to move an object?
10. Walking to school a. Force
b. Work
Energy c. Machine
A man pulls a luggage. To do so he needs some d. Energy
energy. But from where he gets the energy. Food gives
energy to humans. A car moves by the energy obtained 4. What does law of conservation of energy say?
from the burning of fuel. The fuel used in car is usually a. Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed.
petrol. The escalator moves by using electricity as b. We get tired after doing lot of work.
energy. c. We need to apply force to do work.
Energy is defined as capacity for doing work. Energy
must be transferred to an object in order to do work. 5. What is the SI unit of energy?
a. Joule
Renewable Energy b. Newton
Renewable sources of energy are replaced naturally c. Force
over a period of time. We can keep using these sources d. Push
for a long period of time. Since the beginning of human
life, we have been using these resources. We use these Classify the below.
resources for light, transport, cooking, heating. eg: sun, natural gas, petrol, solar, coal, wind, water
wind and water. Renewable Source Non Renewable Source
The resources which are not easily replaced once used
are called the non-renewable resources. eg: petrol, coal
and natural gas

Law of conservation
The law of conservation of energy states that energy
can neither be created nor be destroyed. It can be
converted from one form to another. The SI unit of
energy is joule. It is named after James Joule who

14
 www.pschool.in/work-4

Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. 1. Load is the object on which the force is applied.
1. Energy is defined as ____________ for doing work. 2. Effort is the force we apply on the lever.
Energy must be ____________ to an object in order to do 3. Fulcrum is the point on which the lever rotates.
work. Lever is classified into three types according to where
2. Renewable sources of energy are ____________ the load and effort are located with respect to fulcrum.
naturally over a period of time.
3. The escalator moves by using ____________ as Class I lever
energy. When the fulcrum is between the effort and the load, it
capacity transferred electricity replaced is known as Class I lever.eg: scissors, pliers, seesaw.

Simple Machine Class II lever

In our daily life our effort is saved with the help of When the load is between the effort and the fulcrum, it
some simple machines. is known as Class II lever. eg: wheel barrow, lemon
We draw water from the well with the help of a wheel squeezer, nut cracker
and a rope.
Simple machines are tools which are used to make our Class III lever
work easier. Some examples for simple machines are In this lever, the effort is between the load and the
pulley, wedge, inclined plane, screw, lever, wheel and fulcrum. eg: stapler, tongs, broom stick, hockey stick.
axle.
A pulley is a machine made up of a wheel with a cut Multiple Choice Questions
around it. A rope or chain passes around the pulley. It 1. We draw water from the well with the help of ______.
rotates in the direction with more force. eg: crane, well. a. inclined plane
An inclined plane is a flat sloping surface with one end b. wedge
higher than another. eg: ramp, slide and slope for wheel c. pulley
chair.
A wedge is a tool with a sharp edge which can be used 2. Which of the following can be considered as an
to split materials. It is used to break wooden logs into example for wedge?
two pieces. eg: knife, scissors and axe. a. Wheel
The screw is used to raise weights and to hold objects b. Screw
together. eg: pencil sharpener, screw-jack, bottle cap c. Axe
and windmill.
The screw in the bottle cap holds the cap and the 3. Which of the following is not an inclined plane?
bottle together. The blade and sharpner are held a. Slope
together by screw. b. Ramp
Wheel and axle consist of a wheel attached to a small c. Wheel
rod so that these two parts rotate together. eg: bicycle d. Slide
wheel, door knob, grinder, axle wheel.
Simple machines usually exchange a smaller force to 4. A lever is used to ______ the force we give on an
move a heavy object. The work required is the same, but object.
the force required is less. a. multiply
b. add
Lever c. subtract
A lever is used to multiply the force we give on an d. divide
object. eg: see saw, nut cracker and plier.
To understand the lever, we must know the following
terms. 15
 www.pschool.in/work-4

5. Which of the following is not a function of a screw? Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
a. To hold objects together 1. _______ is cassified into three types.
b. To raise weight 2. _______ is the object on which the force is applied.
c. To move up the slope 3. _______ is the force we apply on the lever.
4. _______ is the point on which the lever rotates.
6. How many types of lever are there? 5. _______ machines usually exchange a smaller force
a. Five to move a heavy object.
b. Three Lever Fulcrum Load Simple Effort
c. Two
d. Four True or False
1. Seesaw is an example of Class III lever.
7. Which is not a part of lever? 2. Nut Cracker is an example of Class II lever.
a. Axle 3. Scissors is an example of Class I lever.
b. Effort 4. Stapler is an example of Class III lever.
c. Load 5. Broom stick is an example of Class II lever.
d. Fulcrum
Crossword
Classify the below as Class I or II lever. 1 4

scissors, pliers, bottle opener, seesaw, leman squeezer,

nut cracker
Class I Lever Class II Lever 5

2 7 8

Match the related ones.

Across
Class 1 Axe 1 : The force we apply on the lever (6)
Class 2 Stapler 2 : You can find it in a sharpener and it holds the blade.
Class 3 Nut cracker (5)
Inclined plane Seesaw 3 : A vehicle primarily used to raise weight using pulley
Wedge Ramp (5)
5 : In a lever, ____ is the object on which the force is
Match the related ones. applied. (4)
6 : A wedge has a sharp ___. (4)
Class 1 Hockey stick 7 : It happens when we apply force to move objects (4)
Class 2 Slide Down
Class 3 Knife 4 : The point around which the lever rotates (7)
Inclined plane Lemon squeezer 5 : A simple machine that multiplies the force we
Wedge Scissors apply. (5)
7 : A type of simple machine. Axe belongs to this

16
 www.pschool.in/work-4

category. (5) can also give heat energy to an object by friction or

8 : A type of wedge commonly used in kitchen (5) chemical reactions. For example, when you rub your
hands together for some time, you feel the energy

Energy produced as heat due to friction between the hands.

The chemical reaction of petrol or diesel produces heat
Energy – Introduction energy which can be used to run vehicles.
We do many activities in our daily life. We do physical
work to do many of these activities. For example, you do Light energy
physical work to brush your teeth, take a bath, or walk to Did you know that light is a form of energy? Light
school carrying your school bag. You are able to do consists of tiny particles called photons. Each photon is
these activities because you have energy. You get a very small packet of energy! Light can travel really fast
energy from the food you eat. Sometimes we use at 3,00,000 kilometres in a second. We see things
machines or devices to do our work. Instead of washing around us when light energy from those things reach
clothes by hand, we may use a washing machine. But our eyes. Plants need light energy to make their food.
how do these machines get energy to do their work? We We can also use light energy from the sun to produce
have never seen them eating! They use different forms electricity by using solar panels.
of energy to do their work. Some of them are:
1. Mechanical energy Electrical energy
2. Wind energy We know that all things are made up of atoms. Each
3. Heat energy atom has even smaller particles called protons,
4. Light energy neutrons and electrons. When electrons in an object
5. Electrical energy move in a certain direction, they produce electrical
6. Chemical energy energy. This form of energy can be produced by
different sources such as the sun, wind, water, and
Mechanical energy fossil fuels. We use electrical energy for the working of
This is the energy of an object due to its motion and fan, lamps, television, washing machine, computer and
position. Mechanical energy is of two types. When an refrigerator. Modern cars and trains also run on
object moves, it has kinetic energy. For example, the electrical energy.
tennis ball hit by a player has kinetic energy when it is
moving. An object can also have mechanical energy Chemical energy
when it is at rest! This form of energy is called potential When two or more chemical substances react with
energy. A stone in a stretched catapult has potential each other, they release chemical energy. An example is
energy. the battery in your phone or laptop. The battery contains
a number of chemical substances that react with each
Wind energy other to produce chemical energy. This energy is stored
Have you played with a fan made of paper or palm as electrical energy in the battery.
leaves? The blades of the fan rotate due to the energy
given by the wind. This wind energy can also rotate the
blades of large fans called wind mills to produce
electricity.

Heat energy
This is the energy of an object when its atoms and
molecules begin to vibrate very fast and collide with
each other. Sun is the primary source of heat energy. We
17
 www.pschool.in/energy-5

Match the machines with the type of energy it has on

the right side.

Windmill Chemical Multiple Choice Questions

Solar panel Heat 1. We need energy to do our work. We get energy from
Water in dam Wind a. the music we hear
Battery Light b. the food we eat
Rocket Potential c. the games we play
Diesel engine Kinetic

2. Moving object has _______.

Classify the below example as kinetic or potential a. kinetic energy
energy. b. electrical energy
1. A yoyo ready to be released c. potential energy
2. Stretched rubber band
3. A moving vehicle on the road 3. Which of the following is not a mechanical energy?
4. Stone in a stretched catapult a. kinetic energy
5. Running a 100 meter race b. chemical energy
6. Child at the top of a slide c. potential energy
7. Water stored in a dam
8. A rocket moving upward 4. Windmills are usually build in the places where there
9. Driving a nail on the wall is _______.
10. The rotating blades of a windmill a. lot of wind blowing,
b. lot of rain,
Fill in the blanks. c. no wind, as windmill may fall down due to the wind.
1. To do work, we need _______ (energy, machine,
battery). 5. A stone in a stretched catapult has _______.
2. Heat energy can be produced by ________ (friction, a. kinetic energy
wind, photons). b. wind energy
3. Potential energy of an object is due to its c. potential energy
__________________ (position, movement, chemical
reaction). 6. Which of the following are true statements?
4. A solar panel uses ___________ (light, heat, electrical) a. Energy can neither be created not be destroyed.
energy to produce electricity. b. We can convert one form of energy into another.
5. A battery gives energy in the form of ___________ c. Petrol has chemical energy which is used to run
(electrical, light, heat) energy. vehicles.

Classify the below items as a type of energy or not. True or False

time, heat, weight, chemical, potential, bridge, tree, 1. Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed.
light, wind, pollution 2. Water stored in dams possesses potential energy.
Energy Not an Energy 3. Electric lamp converts electrical energy into heat
energy.
4. Ceiling fan converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy.
5. We can produce energy without the help of any
objects.

18
 www.pschool.in/energy-5

other places. And after few days, a new plant will come
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. from the seeds.
1. Mobiles and laptops run on ___________ energy.
2. Wind mills convert ___________ energy of winds into Stem
electrical energy. Stem is the strongest part of a plant. It helps the plant
3. Moving body can be brought to rest using to stand straight. Plants with weak stems are usually
___________ energy. creepers. They need support to grow.
4. Photosynthesis changes solar energy into
___________ energy. Root
5. Iron box converts electrical energy into ___________ Root is responsible for absorbing water and other
energy. minerals from the soil. The strength of the plant
electrical kinetic heat mechanical depends on the strength of the roots. Plants with weak
chemical roots fell during rain and heavy winds.

Plants Find the jumbled words

1. A T N P L :
Plants-Notes 2. M E T S :
Plants are an important part of nature. Plants need 3. R E W O L F :
good soil, water and sunlight. The main parts of the 4. U D B :
plant are root, stem, leaf, flower, vegetable and fruit. 5. T O O R :
Plants gives us food, fresh air, medicine, wood etc. 6. U F T R I :
7. E E T R :
Leaf 8. A F E L :
It is usually green in colour. Leaves are of different 9. L I S O :
shapes and sizes. Leaves have a life cycle on its own. A 10. R T A W E :
new leaf would be soft and small. It grows in size. And
finally it will dry and fall to the ground. Leaves are food Parts of Plant
to animals like goat, cow and deer. We too eat some of roots, stem, leaves, flower, bud
the leaves. Though they are not tasty, they are healthy.

Flower
Many kids feel that flowers are the most attractive part
of a plant. Flowers are of different shapes and colours.
Some flowers smell nicely. We can see butterflies and
bees sitting on flowers and drinking honey.

Vegetable & Fruit

In most of the plants, flowers become vegetables and
fruits. They provide food to humans like us, and they are
very healthy.
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.

Seed 1. The ______ absorbs water from the soil and helps to

Seeds are very important to plant, because they help in hold the plant in the soil.

bringing new plants. Farmers sow the seeds to grow 2. The ______ uses the sun and air to make food for the

plants. Birds eat the fruits and throw the seeds in some plant.

19
 www.pschool.in/plants-3

3. The ______ helps the plant to stand straight. 3. Which vegetable is long?
4. The ______ makes the seeds and fruits. a. snake gourd
5. All plants start as a ______ . b. bitter gourd
root leaf stem flower seed c. carrot

Identify whether the below things grow above or 4. Which fruit has one seed?
below ground. a. Papaya
grapes, rose, garlic, cabbage, mango, carrot, coconut, b. Apple
potato, onion, beetroot c. Mango
Above ground Below ground
5. ______ are plants which have weak stems and cannot
stand straight on their own.
a. shrubs
b. creepers
c. herbs

6. Trees are the house to animals like ______

a. tigers
Food and Parts of the plant b. giraffes
c. monkeys
carrot flower
cauliflower root 7. Bees sit on a flower _____.
orange seed a. to take rest
spinach fruit b. for water
peas leaf c. for honey

Match the flowers with its usual colour 8. Plants need _______ for their growth
a. wind
Jasmine Red b. sun light
Sunflower Orange c. moon light
Hibiscus Pink
Lotus White 9. Which of the following is a fruit?
Marigold Yellow a. brinjal
b. onion
Multiple Choice Questions c. tomato
1. Which part of the plant carries seeds?
a. Bud 10. Which of the following is a stem?
b. Fruit a. sugarcane
c. Leaf b. drumstick
c. snake gourd
2. Which is the sour fruit?
a. Watermelon True or False
b. Banana 1. All flowers become fruits.
c. Lemon 2. Humans can eat some kind of leaves.
3. Plants can move from one place to another.

20
 www.pschool.in/plants-3

4. Roots help plants to get water. them grow underground, they are not roots.
5. It is a good habit to pluck flowers from public garden.
Leaves as food
We eat the leaves of plants like cabbage,
coriander,moringa.
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
1. ______ is the most attractive part of a plant. Flowers as food
2. ______ helps in growing new plant. Many flowers are used as food. Eg: banana flower,
3. ______ helps the plant to stand straight. Cauliflower, clove.
4. ______ helps the plant to get water.
5. ______ is the important edible part of a plant. Seeds as food.
Root Stem Seed Fruit Flower Grains are seeds. Pulses, cereals, fenugreek are the
commonly eaten seeds.
Word Search
Roots
S S O U J F W T A Root is a part of the plant that usually grows under the
soil. Roots can be of different shapes and sizes. They
J O X B P L A N T
are of two main types: taproot and fibrous root.
R E I S U O E I C
Taproot
Q Z C L T W G A G
Taproot has one main, thick root. It grows from the
Q M W A T E R R F radicle and goes deep into the soil. Many small thin
roots grow out from the main root. Plants such as
S F V E S R M R R
carrot, beetroot, turnip, mango and neem have taproots.
M L S E E D O W U
Fibrous Root
V H S U F M F O I
A fibrous root consists of many thin roots of different
B U D M K X T P T sizes. They grow from the base of the stem and all of
them are bunched together. They do not go deep into
plant, flower, leaf, fruit, soil, water, seed, stem, bud, root the soil. Plants such as grass, paddy, wheat and onion
have fibrous roots. Coconut and palm tree have fibrous
root.
Plants as Food In some plants, roots store food. Eg: Carrot, Beetroot,
Humans and other animals often use plants as food. Radish
Plants we eat are edible. Edible parts of some plants
include leaves, stems and roots. We also eat fruits Classify the below sentences as true and false
produced by plants. 1. Neem and mango trees have tap root.
2. Palm and coconut trees have fibrous root.
Roots as food 3. Taproot usually grow very deep.
Many plants store excess food in their roots. They have 4. Fibrous root has one main root.
thick and swollen roots. Eg: Carrot, Beetroot, Tapioca 5. Grass has fibrous root.
6. All trees have tap root.
Stems as food
In some plants the stem stores the excess food in it.
Eg: sugarcane, potato, onion, ginger. Though some of
21
 www.pschool.in/plants-3

Tap root vs Fibrous root Single vs Multiple Seeds

Beetroot, Neem, Mango, Paddy, Palm, Banyan, Carrot, Watermelon, Apple, Papaya, Date, Orange, Cherry,
Grass, Coconut, Wheat Coconut, Mango
Tap root Fibrous root Single Seed Multiple Seeds

Stem Multiple Choice Questions

Stem is the main part of the shoot system. It grows 1. Which of the following fruits do not have seeds?
towards the sunlight. It looks green when it is young. a. Apricot
Branches, leaves, buds, flowers and fruits grow from the b. Papaya
stem. c. Pineapple
Herbs such as coriander and mint have a thin and
weak stem. Trees such as peepal and banyan have very 2. Which of the following is not part of shoot system?
strong and thick stem called trunk. As trees grow older, a. Seed
their trunks grow wider. b. Root
c. Flower
Functions of the Stem d. Stem
1. It supports the whole plant.
2. It transports food from leaf and water from root to 3. Which of the following doesn't have fibrous root?
various parts of the plant. a. Grass
3. Some stems store excess food in them. E.g., Potato, b. Wheat
Onion. c. Paddy
d. Radish
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
1. Stem is the main part of the ________ system. It 4. Which fruit has exactly one seed?
grows towards the ________ . Herbs like coriander have a a. Cherry
________ stem. Banyan tree has a ________ stem and it is b. Apple
called ________ . c. Banana
strong sunlight weak trunk shoot d. Orange

Fruits and Seeds 5. Which part of the plant supports the whole plant?
Fruit is the fleshy part of the plant. The fruits are a. Stem
developed from the flowers. Most fruits have seeds. b. Fruit
Some fruits have only one seed. Eg: Apricot, Mango, c. Branch
Coconut, Peach. d. Leaf
Some fruits have many seeds. Eg: Papaya,
Watermelon, Orange Plants Habitat
Some fruits are seedless. Eg: Pineapple, Banana

22
 www.pschool.in/plants-4

Habitat
Plants grow almost everywhere on the Earth. They Do you know?
grow both in land and water. The plants adapt to their Banyan, Peepal and Tamarind trees live more than
surroundings and hence have special characteristics hundred years.
based on their habitat. The natural home of a plant is
called its habitat. Plants make suitable adjustment with Plants in Coastal Areas
their surroundings to meet their requirements. This is 1. They are tall and mostly straight.
known as adaptation. 2. The leaves are called frond.
3. The frond look like feathers meant for protection
Terrestrial Plants from wind.
The plants that grow on the land are called terrestrial 4. These plants are tolerant to saline (salt) water. E.g.,
plants. Land forms can be further divided into desert, Coconut tree, Casuarina
plain, mountain and forest.
Desert vs Plain
Desert Plants Aloe Vera, Banyan, Cactus, Date Palm, Mango, Teak
These plants grow in hot, dry and sandy places. Desert Plain
Deserts get very less rainfall and experience high
temperature. Hence, there is scarcity of water.
1. Leaves are changed to spines to reduce the loss of
water.
2. The stem is green and fleshy. They store water and
produce food.
3. These plants have a long root that goes deep into
the soil.
4. Eg: Catcus, Opuntia, Date Palm and Aloe vera True or False
1. Banyan tree can live for more than 100 years.
Plants on Mountain 2. Plants in coastal areas are tolerant to saline water.
These plants grow in cold and freezing places. 3. Teak is an example of desert plant.
1. These trees are conical in shape. This shape allows 4. Mountains are much colder than plains.
snow to slide from the trees easily. 5. Banana tree can live for more than 100 years.
2. Needle like leaves help them to survive in cold 6. Trees in cold places do not shed leaves in autumn.
conditions like snow. 7. A desert plant can easily survive in a mountain.
3. These trees do not shed leaves.
4. They have cones instead of flowers. These cones Aquatic Plants
protect the seeds during harsh winter. Eg: Pine tree, The plants that grow in water bodies like pond, lake
Redwood tree and sea are called water plants or aquatic plants. They
are classified into three types.
Plants in Plains
Plants in plains need to adapt to both dry conditions Free floating plants
and extreme temperatures. These are found on the surface of the water. They
1. They grow in warmer climate and usually shed their freely float with the help of spongy body filled with air.
leaves in winter to protect themselves from cold. They have poorly developed roots. Eg: Water hyacinth,
2. They have flat and broad leaves. Pistia.
3. They have thick and woody stem. Eg: Mango,
Banyan, Teak. Fixed rooted plants
23
 www.pschool.in/plants-4

These plants have root that are fixed in the bottom of 4. Which habitat has varying climate?
the water bodies. These plants have air tubes in their a. Mountain
stem to help them float. Their leaves are broad and b. Plain
coated with wax to make them water proof. Eg: Water c. Coastal
lily, Lotus. d. Desert

Submerged plants 5. Which habitat gets strong winds?

These plants are completely submerged in the water. a. Plain
Their stem is thin and leaves are very small. There is no b. Mountain
opening on the leaf surface. They breathe through stem. c. Coastal
Eg: Vallisneria, Hydrilla. d. Desert

Terrestrial vs Aquatic 6. Which aquatic plant breathe through stem?

Tulip, Rose, Water Hyacinth, Papaya, Pistia, Pineapple, a. Submerged plants
Hydrilla, Tulsi, Vallisneria, Lotus, Water Lily b. Free floating plants
Terrestrial Aquatic c. fixed rooted plants

Click the blanks and fill it with the right word.

1. Mountain plants have _________ (cones, cylinders)
instead of flowers. Their needle like leaves help them to
survive in _____ (cold, hot, rainy) condition.
2. Banyan tree can live for more than ____ (100, 1000)
years.
3. The trees in _________ (plains, deserts, mountains)
Multiple Choice Questions shed their leaves once in a year.
1. The plants that grow in water bodies like ponds and 4. Potato is a food stored in the ____ (stem, root) of the
lakes are called ______ plants. plant.
a. aquatic 5. The trees in cold regions are ____________ (conical,
b. terrestrial spherical, cylindrical) in shape. This shape allows snow
c. coastal to _____ (slide, stay).
6. The free floating plants have a ______ (spongy, rigid,
2. Plants make suitable adjustment with their rough) body filled with ________ (air, water, minerals).
surroundings to meet their requirements. It is known as 7. In fixed rooted plants, the leaves are ______ (broad,
________. narrow) and coated with _____ (wax, gum, paste) to
a. adaptation make them water proof.
b. habitat
c. photosynthesis Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
1. Plants ____________ to their surroundings and hence
3. Trees like teak, banyan and mango usually grow in have special characteristics based on their
______. ____________ .
a. mountains 2. Deserts get very less ____________ and experience
b. coastal areas high ____________ . Hence, there is ____________ of water.
c. deserts adapt habitat rainfall temperature
d. plains scarcity

24
 www.pschool.in/plants-4

1. The leaves of coastal areas are called ______ and minerals. Petiole joins the leaf to the main stem.
they protect from ______ . These plants can grow in Stomata are tiny openings or pores mostly found at the
______ condition. base of the leaves. Air enters and leaves the plant
2. Usually the trees in plains have ______ leaves and through these openings. Stomata helps the plants to
______ stem. breathe. Stomata are used to exchange gases.
thick broad saline wind frond
Parts of a Leaf
1. ________ is an example of free floating plant. They apex, veins, midrib, blade, petiole
have poorly developed ________ .
2. ________ is an example of fixed rooted plant. They
have a long ________ .
3. ________ is an example of submerged plants. They
________ through stem.
breathe Lotus root Pistia stem
Hydrilla

Match plants with their habitat.

Desert Teak
Mountain Cactus
Plain Coconut
Coastal Lotus
Aquatic Pine

Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.

Plain Date Palm 1. The broad flat part of the leaf is called ________ . The
Coastal Redwood Tree tip of the leaf is called ________ . The ________ runs along
Aquatic Casuarina the center of the leaf. From the midrib we can see lot of
Desert Neem branches called ________ .They are the framework of
Mountain Pistia hollow tubes that carry water and ________ . The leaf is
joint to the main stem through ________ .
veins blade petiole apex midrib
Submerged in water Water hyacinth minerals
Fixed rooted Pine
floating plant Lotus Exotic Plants
Needle like leaves Aloe vera The plants that are growing outside its native area
Desert Hydrilla either purposefully or accidentally are called exotic
plants.
Parts of a Leaf Most of these plants are brought to new areas for
Leaves are of different shapes and sizes and have decoration purposes.
different parts. Eg: Crotons, Fern, Cycas, Travelers palm, Boat lily,
The broad flat part of the leaf is called blade. The tip of Aloevera
the leaf is called apex. The midrib runs along the center
of the leaf. Veins branch out from the midrib. They are
the framework of hollow tubes that carry water and
25
 www.pschool.in/plants-4

Food Factory 1. Leaves are green in color due to _______.

Plants produce their own food with the help of a. chlorophyll
chlorophyll, a pigment present in leaves. Humans and b. photosynthesis
animals depend on plants for their food either directly or c. sunlight
indirectly.
Most of the plants are able to make their own food 2. What is one of the effects of photosynthesis?
through a process called photosynthesis. 'Photo' means a. Oxygen in converted to nitrogen.
'light'. 'synthesis' means 'to make'. b. Oxygen is converted to carbon-dioxide.
Photosynthesis is a process by which plants make c. Carbon-dioxide is converted to oxygen.
their food using chlorophyll, water, carbon dioxide in the
presence of sunlight. 3. What will be the effect if there are no plants on the
Water is absorbed by the roots and is passed to the Earth?
leaves through the tubes. Carbon dioxide in the air a. Only meat eating animals will live.
passes through small pores in the leaves. b. Animal life will be very difficult.
A green pigment in the leaves help them to trap c. Animal life doesn't exist.
sunlight. This pigment is called chlorophyll. Most leaves
are green in colour because of this green pigment. 4. Which of the following is not an ingredients in
Through photosynthesis plants produce the food and photosynthesis?
release oxygen into the air. a. nitrogen
As plants prepare food for themselves and also for b. water
other living things, they are called primary producers. c. sunlight
Without primary producers, living things that are not d. carbon-dioxide
capable of producing their own food and will not be able
to live. 5. When does photosynthesis happen?
Plants like cactus do not have leaves. Their food is a. Only in the evening.
made in their green stems. b. Both day and night.
c. Only during day time.
Click the blanks and fill it with the right word. d. Only during night.
1. Plants are called _________ (primary, secondary)
producers. Match the Following
2. 'Photo' means _____ (light, sound, water).
3. Plants like cactus do not have ____ (leaf, stem, root). green pigment photosynthesis
4. _______ (Petiole, Apex) joins the leaf to the main plants chlorophyll
stem. food preparation plants breathe
5. In cactus plant, food is made by green ____ (stem, stomata apex
leaf). tip of leaf primary producers
6. _______ (Stomata, Petiole) are tiny openings or pores
mostly found at the ______ (base, top, corner) of the Non-Green Plants
leaves. Plant that lacks chlorophyll pigment and looks not
green are called non-green plants. They cannot prepare
Multiple Choice Questions their food. These plants depend on other organism for
their food and living place.
Eg: mushroom, bread moulds, bracket fungi

26
 www.pschool.in/plants-5

Reproduction in Plants colourless petals. Eg: mango, banana, guava, jasmine

etc.
Reproduction in Plants
Reproduction is the process by which new individuals Pollination
of the same species are produced. Both plants and The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to stigma
animals reproduce. There are two kinds of reproduction of a flower is called pollination. Pollination is the first
that take place in plants. They are sexual reproduction important event in the development of fruit and seed.
and asexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction, new Pollination is followed by fertilization. Two types of
plants are produced from roots, leaves, stems and buds. pollination take place in the flowering plants. They are
In sexual reproduction, new plants emerge from seeds. self pollination and cross pollination.
The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a
Flower flower to the stigma of the same flower is called self
Flower is the reproductive part of a plant. Flowers have pollination. The transfer of pollen grains of a flower to
four important parts. They are: the stigma of another flower of a different plant of the
same species is called cross pollination.
Sepal In self pollination, seeds produce weak plants and new
It is the outer part of the flower. Usually it is small and varities of plants cannot be produced. In cross
green in colour. It protects the bud in the early stage. pollination, seeds produce good plants and new verities
of plants can be produced. Pollination takes place
Petal through different agents.
It is often colourful and it attracts the insects.

Pollination by Wind
Androecium The flowers pollinated by wind are mostly small in size
It is the male reproductive part of the flower. It is and do not have any attractive colour, smell and nectar.
composed of stamens. Each stamen consists of a stalk The pollen grains are non-sticky, dry, light and powdery.
called filament and a small bag like structure called Hence, they are easily carried by the wind. Eg: grass,
anther at the tip. The pollen grains are produced in the maize, pine.
anther within the pollen sacs.

Pollination by Water
Gynoecium The flowers of water plants are not colourful and they
It is a female part of the flower. It has three parts. They have no nectar. Pollen grains of these plants have
are: ovary, style and stigma. The ovary contains the mucilaginous covering to protect them from getting
ovules. wet. They float in water and reach the other plant. Eg:
The flowers which contain either androecium or vallisneria, hydrilla
gynoecium are called unisexual flowers. Eg: corn,
papaya, cucumber. The flowers which contain both Pollination by Insects
androecium and gynoecium are called bisexual flowers. This is the most common type of pollination in plants
Eg: mustard, rose. like sunflower, ladies finger, brinjal and pumpkin. Some
To attract the pollinators (insects) flowers are bright in flowers are large in size and they have sweet smell.
colour and produce smell. Plants which are pollinated Some of these flowers produce nectar. They attact
by the honey bees and butterflies have sweet scents insects like butterflies and honey bees.
and bigger colourful petals. Eg: sunflower, pumpkin.
Pigments present in petals give them different colours. Fertilization
Plants which are pollinated by the moth and bats The process of fusion of male (pollen grains) and
release their fragrance mostly at night and have female (stigma) gametes is called fertilization. The cell
27
 www.pschool.in/plants-5

which results after fusion of the gametes is called a

zygote. The zygote develops into an embryo. Parts of a Flower
petal, stigma, style, sepal, ovary, receptacle, anther,
Fruits and Seed formation filament
After fertilization, the ovary grows into a fruit and other
parts of the flower fall off. The seeds develop from the
ovules. The seed contains an embryo enclosed in a
protective seed coat.

Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.

1. New plants coming from seed is ___________
reproduction. New plants coming from roots is
___________ reproduction.
2. ___________ is usually green in color.
3. ___________ is often colorful and it attracts the
insects.
4. ___________ is the male reproductive part of the
flower.
5. ___________ is the female reproductive part of the
flower.
Petal Sepal asexual sexual True or False
Androecium Gynoecium 1. Not every living things reproduce.
2. The process of fusion of male and female gametes
1. ____________ has unisexual flower. is called fertilization.
2. ____________ has bisexual flower. 3. Pollination can happen both at day and night.
3. ____________ present in petals give them different 4. Gynoecium is the male part of the flower.
colours. 5. Insects are known as pollinators.
4. ____________ is the transfer of pollen grains from the
anther to stigma. Multiple Choice Questions
5. In self pollination, seeds produce ____________ plants 1. Pollination cannot happen by _______.
and in cross pollination, seeds produce ____________ a. sunlight
plants. b. insects
Pigment Pollination weak Rose c. wind
Papaya good d. water

1. The process of _______ of male (pollen grains) and 2. Which of the following is usually not pollinated by
female (stigma) gametes is called fertilization. The cell insects?
which results after fusion of the _______ is called a a. grass
_______ . b. brinjal
2. After fertilization, the _______ grows into a fruit and c. sunflower
other parts of the flower fall off. The seeds develop d. ladies finger
from the _______ . The seed contains an _______
enclosed in a protective seed coat.
zygote gametes ovary embryo
fusion ovules

28
 www.pschool.in/plants-5

3. Which of the following has a protective coat? Fruits which are dispersed by water have outer coats
a. Seed modified to enable them to float. The mesocarp (middle
b. Sepal layer) of coconut is fibrous and is easily carried away by
c. Petal water. They reach different places and grow into a new
plant. Eg: lotus, coconut
4. After fertilization, the ovary grows into a ____.
a. fruit Dispersal by Animals
b. leaf Some fruits have hooks, spines, bristles, stiff hair etc,
c. seed on their outer coat. These fruits stick on the furry coats
or skins of some animals and are carried from one
5. Which of the following is usually green in color? place to another.
a. Petal
b. Pollen grains Dispersal by Birds
c. Filament While eating fruits like tomato and guava, birds eat
d. Sepal seeds also along with the edible portion and they are
passed out in the excreta later. These types of seeds are
Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant protected from the digestive juices by their seed coat.
The major stages of the flowering plants are the
germination of seed, growth, flowering, re-production Self Dispersal Method
(pollination), seed formation and seed spreading. Every Some fruits disperse their seeds in the wind through an
seed has minute plant called the embryo. Under explosive mechanism and spread them. Eg: ladies
favourable conditions like sunlight, water and soil, finger, balsam
embryo is grown up into a new plant. This new plant Note: Man is also responsible for the dispersal of many
bears fruits with seeds and multiplies. This cycle fruits and seeds. Useful plants like cinchona, rubber and
continues forming the life cycle of flowering plants. eucalyptus have been successfully introduced by man,
to the new surroundings far away from their original
Dispersal of Seeds habitat.
Spreading of seeds from one place to another with the
help of agents like air, water, animals and birds is known Germination of Seeds
as dispersal of seeds. A single plant produces a large The seed is a fertilized ovule. It consists of embryo,
number of seeds. If all these seeds fall directly below food materials which are protected by the seed coat.
the parent plant, the seedlings would have to compete During favourable conditions, the seed germinates and
for space, water, oxygen, minerals and sun light. When gives rise to a new seedling. During the early stages of
the seedlings are grouped together in one place, they germination, the seedlings get the food required for its
can easily be destroyed by grazing animals. But, by growth from the cotyledons. After the food stored in the
nature the seeds and fruits of plants are distributed far cotyledons has been used up, the seedling gets its food
and wide through various agencies. from the soil. The seedling absorbs water and nutrients
from the soil with the help of its roots. It develops
Dispersal by Wind leaves and grows into a plant.
The seeds which are smaller, lighter and tiny float in air
over long distance. Some of them proceed with hairs Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
and membranous wing like structures and so they are 1. Every seed has minute plant called the ___________ .
carried away easily. Eg: cotton seed, drumstick Under ___________ conditions like sunlight, water and
___________ , embryo is grown up into a new plant. This
Dispersal by Water new plant bears fruits with seeds and ___________ . This
29
 www.pschool.in/plants-5

cycle continues forming the life cycle of ___________ 4. Drumstick seeds are usually dispersed through ____.
plants. a. birds
embryo multiplies favourable soil b. wind
flowering c. water
d. animals
1. The seed is a fertilized ___________ . It consists of
___________ , food materials which are protected by the 5. Which of the following is incorrect?
seed coat. During ___________ conditions, the seed a. The seeds of some plants stick to the skin of some
___________ and gives rise to a new ___________ . During animals.
the early stages of germination, the seedlings get the b. Bees and insects are attracted by the smell of lotus
food required for its growth from the ___________ . flower.
seedling germinates cotyledons c. Useful plants are dispersed by human beings.
favourable embryo ovule d. Seed coat protects the seed for a long time.

True or False Click the blanks and fill it with the right word.
1. When birds and animals eat the fruits, the seeds will 1. The seedling absorbs water and nutrients from the
be easily digested. soil with the help of its ______ (roots, seeds, embryo).
2. It is safe for the young plants to grow very near to 2. Every seed has minute plant called the ___________
the parent plant. (embryo, seedling, cotyledons).
3. Small seeds are usually dispersed by wind. 3. Some fruits disperse their seeds in the wind through
4. The fibrous middle layer in coconut allows it to float an _________ (explosive, firework) mechanism and
in water. spread them.
5. Man is also responsible for the dispersal of many 4. During _____________ (favourable, unfavourable)
fruits and seeds. conditions, the seed germinates and gives rise to a new
seedling.
Multiple Choice Questions 5. Man is ____ (also, not) responsible for the dispersal
1. During germination, initially the seed gets its food of many fruits and seeds.
from _____.
a. water Match the seeds with the common dispersal mode.
b. soil
c. cotyledons Wind Guava
Water Balsam
2. Which plants have a life cycle? Birds Cotton Seed
a. Non-flowering plants Self dispersal Rubber
b. Flowering plants Man Coconut
c. All plants
Agriculture
3. The life cycle of a plant starts with a ______. Man started practicing agriculture thousands of years
a. seed back. This was one of the developments of civilization.
b. flower In the modern days agriculture is practiced on a large
c. bud scale due to the advancement of science and
d. fruit technology. Application of modern technologies like
plant breeding and usage of chemicals like fertilizers
and pesticides have increased the yield. Major
agricultural products are cereals, vegetables, fruits and

30
 www.pschool.in/plants-5

oil seeds. They are cultivated not only for our basic castings that are a type of fertilizer. The process of
needs but also for commercial purpose. decomposing bio-degradable wastes by earthworms is
known as vermicompost.
Soil
Soil is one of the most important natural resources. It Honey bee
is essential for agriculture. It supports the growth of Honey bees are helpful for cross pollination in flowers.
plants by holding the roots and supplying water and They are attracted by the colour and smell of the
nutrients. It is the home for many organisms. Soil is flowers. They convert the pollen which is the only
formed by the breaking of rocks by the action of wind, natural protein source for them into honey. Honey is
water and climate. The mixture of rock particles and used as food and also for medicinal purposes. Bees
humus is called the soil. The soil is classified on the also produce wax, which is used for making candles.
basis of the proportion of various sizes.
Dragon fly
Sandy soil It destroys the egg and larva of harmful insects and
It contains greater proportion of big particles. They mosquitoes and prevents the spreading of diseases. It
cannot fit closely together. Water can drain quickly is also helpful in cross fertilization.
through the spaces between the sand particles. So,
sandy soils tend to be light, well aerated and dry. Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following is not a soil type?
Clay soil a. loamy soil
It contains greater proportion of fine particles, packed b. rocky soil
tightly together, leaving little space for air. It can retain a c. sandy soil
lot of water in the tiny gaps between the particles. d. clay soil
Plants like paddy grow well in this soil.
2. Which is not a friend of farmers?
Loamy soil a. Dragon fly
It contains large and fine particles in almost same b. Earthworm
proportion. The best top soil for growing plants is loam. c. Rat
It is a mixture of sand, clay and another type of soil d. Honey bee
particle known as silt. Silt occurs as a deposit in river
beds. It has right water holding capacity for the growth 3. Which of the following helps in vermicompost?
of plants. Clay and loamy soil are suitable for growing a. Dragon fly
wheat, gram and paddy. b. Honey bee
c. Earthworm
Friends of Farmer
Insects are generally considered to be harmful. But, 4. Dried leaves decompose into _____.
many of them are helpful to us in many ways. a. loamy soil
Earthworm, honeybee and dragonfly are useful to plants b. humus
and farmers. c. slit
d. vermicompost
Earthworm
Earthworms help to increase the amount of air and
water that gets into the soil. They break down organic
matters like leaves and grass into smaller particles that
plants can use. When they eat them, they leave behind
31
 www.pschool.in/plants-5

5. Which of the following is not a chemical? vitamins and minerals.

a. vermicompost
b. fertilizer Carbohydrates
c. pesticide Our body needs energy to do work, play and do other
activities. Carbohydrates are energy-giving food. Food
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. that contains carbohydrate are rice, wheat, potato, sugar
1. Earthworm, honeybee and dragonfly are useful to cubes and bread.
plants and _____________ .
2. _____________ help to increase the amount of air and Proteins
water that gets into the soil. They break down Proteins build, maintain and replace the tissues in our
_____________ matters like leaves and grass into smaller body. They are also known as body - building foods. E.g.,
_____________ that plants can use. This process of Fish, Milk, Egg, Nuts and Sprouted seeds.
_____________ bio-degradable wastes is known as
_____________ . Fats
farmers Earthworms organic Fats provide energy to us. They act as the body's
decomposing particles vermicompost energy reservoir. Fats also help to keep the body warm
during very cold weather. Too much fat in the body may
Match the following lead to obesity or overweight. Some food items that
contain fat are cheese, butter, ghee, meat, oil and nuts.
well aerated tightly packed
loamy soil vermicompost Vitamins
clay soil wax Our body needs vitamins to work properly. They protect
earthworm sandy soil our body from deficiency diseases. E.g., Carrot, Orange,
Honey bee mixture Gooseberry, Papaya and Greens.

Minerals
river humus Minerals help in formation of blood, bone, teeth, etc.
paddy field loamy soil They regulate the body functions. E.g., Fig, Pear, Garlic,
silt deposit clay soil Banana and Apple.
dried leaves pollination Most children love to eat food items like burgers,
honey bee sandy soil pizzas and chocolates, which are not good for health.
They make children to gain extra weight. Avoid eating

Nutrients unhealthy foods and eat nutritious food to stay healthy.

A healthy snack may include sprouts, fruits and salads.
Why food is important?
Every day we feel hungry and then eat something. Our Classify the below food items based on its major
body is telling us that it needs food. Why do we need nutrients.
food? Rice, Egg, Bread, Fish, Sugar, Wheat, Potato, Nuts, Milk,
1. Food gives us energy to work and play. Sprouted seeds
2. Food builds our body. Carbohydrates Proteins
3. Food keeps us healthy.
We eat different food items, some are raw and some
are cooked. Each of these food items contains different
nutrients. There are five main nutrients that our body
requires. They are carbohydrates, proteins, fats,

32
 www.pschool.in/food-3

4. Which of these things are BAD for you?

a. Eating lot of fat food items
b. Eating green vegetables
Classify the below food items based on its major c. Washing vegetables before cutting them
nutrients. d. Eating lot of pulses
Orange, Ghee, Gooseberry, Oil, Carrot, Cheese, Butter,
Spinach, Meat, Papaya 5. What is the food that we eat in the morning called?
Fats Vitamins a. Breakfast
b. Dinner
c. Lunch

Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.

1. Food rich in proteins are called ______________ food.
2. Food helps in proper ______________ of our body.
3. A ______________ is necessary for the proper growth
and development of our body.
Match the foods with their major nutrients. 4. Sprouted seeds contain more ______________ .
5. ______________ is the second meal of a day.
Rice Proteins proteins body-building lunch balanced
Fish Minerals diet functioning
Meat Vitamins
Papaya Carbohydrates Match the words with same meaning.
Garlic Fats
Carbohydrates and fats Supports body growth
Multiple Choice Questions Vitamins Energy-giving food
1. Bread,wheat and potato are rich in _______________. Protein Regulates body functions
a. fats Minerals Fights diseases
b. roughage
c. protein Balanced Diet
d. carbohydrate Diet refers to the food we eat. A balanced diet contains
all nutrients in the right amounts. It also includes fibre
2. A balanced diet contains _______________. and water. It helps in the growth and development of our
a. Fibre and water body. Fibre is an indigestible food that your body cannot
b. Carbohydrates and vitamins absorb.
c. All A meal is what we eat during a particular time of the
d. Proteins and fats and minerals day. Breakfast, lunch and dinner are the three main
meals we eat every day.
3. The Vitamin present in carrot is _______________. Food habit of people at a place depends on the
a. Vitamin-K climate, culture and availability of food. For example, in
b. Vitamin-A coastal areas, people eat a lot of sea food. India is a big
c. Vitamin-D country with different climate and culture.
d. Vitamin-E South Indians depend on rice, dhal, coconut, jaggery
for their food. Hence, they make food like Idly, Sambar
and Payasa.
North Indians depend on wheat, onions, milk and curd.
33
 www.pschool.in/food-3

Hence, they make foods like Chappathi, Paratha and 3. Which of the following is not an advantage of home
Lassi. garden?
The amount of food a person needs depends on his a. We can reuse waste water
age. These needs change with age groups and level of b. It is a good hobby
physical activity. Athletes may need more amount of c. We can sell our vegetables
energy during training. Young children should eat a wide d. We get fresh vegetables
variety of food.
Our ancestors ate food that were easily available from 4. A _______ diet contains all nutrients in the right
nature, which lead to healthy lives. amounts.
a. heavy
Home Garden b. lunch
Cultivation of crops in a small available place in house- c. light
holds is known as Home garden or Kitchen garden or d. balanced
Nutrition garden.
5. How many main meals do we eat every day?
Advantage of Home Garden a. four
1. Waste water can be reused. b. two
2. It saves our money. c. three
3. We get vegetables which are fresh and high in
nutritive value. Classify the below sentences as true or false
4. It can be a good hobby. 1. Athletes need less amount of energy.
2. The amount of food a person needs depends on his
Match the time and the meal. age.
3. People living in coastal areas, usually don't eat sea
6 AM Snacks food.
8 AM Dinner 4. Our ancestors ate food that were easily available
1 PM Tea from nature.
5 PM Breakfast 5. Our ancestors led a healthy life.
8 PM Lunch
Our Need for Food
Multiple Choice Questions
1. What is indigestible for our body? Why do we feel hungry?
a. protein Our bodies must work properly. It also provides us with
b. fibre the energy we require to do work. When we work a lot
c. vitamin and eat less, our body will become weak. It makes us
very hungry.
2. Food habits of the people depends on ___________
a. availability of food Oilcake
b. all of the above After extracting oil from seeds such as groundnut,
c. culture sesame, or cottonseed, the fibrous component is
d. climate pressed into slabs. This is known as oilcake. Ambon is
an animal feed made from a fermented mixture of
oilcake, jaggery, and coarse grain particles combined
with water.

34
 www.pschool.in/food-3

Animals & Foods

1. Cows eat grass, hay, oilcake, and ambon.
2. Horses consume soaked Bengal gram (harbhara), Match the related ones.
grass, and hay.
3. In addition to grass, goats and sheep eat the leaves Cat Carrot
of numerous bushes. Lion Oilcake
4. Milk is consumed by cats. Birds such as sparrows, Rabbits Bengal gram
doves, and pigeons are also hunted and eaten by them. Horse Flesh
5. Dogs will eat chapatis or bhakaris, but meat is their Cow Milk
preferred food.
6. Deer, bison, and nilgai eat a wide variety of green True or False
grasses, crops, and leaves. 1. With the help of sunlight, plants prepare their own
7. Wild animals such as the tiger and lion hunt and eat food.
other animals. When they are starving, they are 2. There is no difference in the food habit of a tiger and
sometimes driven to enter neighbouring villages. The a vulture.
livestock is then killed and taken away. 3. The dog is a herbivore.
8. Foxes have been known to venture into human 4. Food for different living things, is different.
settlements. They are unable to kill cattle. The majority 5. The entire living world depends on the food prepared
of their time is spent stealing poultry. by plants.
9. Some birds eat grains. Hens eat small worms.
Crows eat the meat of dead animals. Some birds eat the Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
fruits of trees. 1. The main sources of our _______________ are plants
and animals.
Plants Need Food Too 2. The _______________ absorb water and minerals from
1. However, they are unable to travel from one location the soil.
to another in search of food. 3. A plant needs _______________ to prepare food.
2. Plant roots take up water from the earth. In this 4. _______________ are unable to kill cattle.
water, several soil substances are dissolved. This water 5. The process of making food using sunlight, carbon
reaches the plant's leaves. dioxide and water is called _______________ .
3. On the surface of leaves, there are numerous tiny Photosynthesis Foxes sunlight roots
holes. We can't see them with our eyes since they're so food
small. These pores allow air to penetrate the leaves.
4. As a result, air and water collide in the leaf. Plants Our diet
use the water and air in their leaves to create their own 1. Every day, we eat some food. We eat between meals.
food with the help of sunlight. We also have milk, tea, coffee. Our daily diet includes
everything we eat and drink.
classify: Herbivorous & Carnivorous 2. We make a lot of muscular movements when
Wolf, Lion, Sheep, Horse, Tiger, Cow, Deer, Hyena working. This labour is difficult. It's called physical
Herbivorous Carnivorous labour. Work makes us hungry.
3. Some tasks can be done while seated. It requires no
physical exertion. Such work is called sedentary work.

Variety in food
1. Rice becomes a key element of the diet of those who
live in areas where rice grows abundantly.
35
 www.pschool.in/food-3

2. People in areas where jowar or bajra is a major crop Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
include more ‘bhakari' in their diets. 1. Healthy food makes our body _________ .
3. In certain regions, wheat is the major crop. People in 2. A balanced diet contain all the _________ .
those regions eat more chapatis. 3. Work done when sitting is _________ work.
4. In the sea, fish are abundant. As a result, the Konkan 4. Oils and fat give us _________ .
people consume a lot of fish in their diet. 5. If our diet is not balanced we may suffer from
5. We receive different vegetables and fruits on _________ .
different seasons. As a result, the foods in our diet calories fit nutrients sedentary
change as well. diseases

Watch What We Eat True or False

1. We should eat food made at home. 1. People who don't work, won't feel hungry.
2. Sprouted pulses, leafy vegetables, buttermilk and 2. Meat alone is sufficient to provide all nutrients for
yogurt should be included often in our diet. the body.
3. We should avoid products shown in newspapers and 3. Water is the most important part of our diet.
TVs. The advertisements are tempting, but it does not 4. We eat the same kind of food throughout the year.
mean that they are healthy for our body. 5. Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a
balanced diet.
Classify the following.
Potato chips, Pizza, Cookies, White bread, Vegetables, Match the related ones.
Sprouts, Pulses, Wheat
Healthy Unhealthy Rice Andhra Pradesh
Wheat Maharashtra
Bhakri Punjab
Turmeric Madhya Pradesh
Pulses Odisha

Our Diet

Inside the Kitchen!

Classify the following. 1. Heating is used to prepare our food.
Cycling, Sweeping, Drawing, Operating a laptop, Playing 2. To cook rice, we add water to the rice and bring it to
kho-kho, Reading book, Climbing a mountain, Playing a boil.
carrom 3. Puris and pakodas are deep-fried. They are fried in
Physical labour Sedentary work oil or ghee.
4. Idlis and modaks are steamed.
5. Chapatis and bhakaris are roasted.
6. When foods are heated, they become tastier and
easier to digest.

Combustible material
A combustible substance is something that can burn.
Fuel is a combustible substance that can be utilized to
generate heat in a convenient manner. Fuels include
cooking gas, kerosene, and coal.

36
 www.pschool.in/food-3

5. Plastic containers are used to store food.

Methods of supplying heat for cooking
1. Some people use kerosene stoves for cooking. Food and Hygiene
2. Nowadays, hotplates are also used for cooking on
electricity. They are very convenient to use. Raw and Cooked Food

3. Some people use biogas. Food is one of the basic needs of life. We get energy

4. Some people use the heat from the sun for cooking. for all our activities from food. Food obtained from the

They use the solar cooker. nature provides all the nutrients to our body. But seeing
the advertisement, we are attracted towards junk food.

Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. In our daily life, we depend on plants and animals for

1. We boil water to kill ________ . our food. Food that we eat directly without cooking is

2. ________ makes food soft, tasty and easy to digest. called raw food. We eat fruits, some vegetables, tubers

3. The material that is burnt to produce heat is known and nuts in the raw form. Some pulses and cereals are

as ________ . also eaten as raw food.

4. Wood and ________ produces more smoke, while Food that needs to be processed using heat before it

using as a fuel for cooking. can be eaten is called cooked food. Why should we

5. ________ are used for cooking food. cook food?

coal fuel Utensils Cooking bacteria 1. Cooked food is digested easily.

2. Cooking softens the food materials.

Match the related ones. 3. Cooking kills germs.

4. Cooking adds taste and flavour to food.

Blender Heating
Oven Juicing Cooking methods

Refrigerator Baking Some of the commonly used cooking methods are

Electric juicers Mixing given below.

Crock pot Cooling

Boiling:

Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. It is a method of cooking food by immersing it in

1. The process by which foodstuffs become tastier and boiling water. So that the food becomes soft. Example:

easier to digest is _____________ . Rice, Egg.

2. Foods which we eat mostly without cooking are

_____________ . Steaming:

3. A device that uses the energy of direct sunlight to It is a method of cooking food in steam by immersing

cook, is _____________ . the vessel in a container with boiling water. Example:

4. Grilled sandwiches can also be made with the help Idli, Idiyappam.

of _____________ .
heating fruits Solar cooker toaster Pressure cooking:
It is a method of cooking food in a pressure cooker.

True or False Example: Rice, Dhal.

1. A pan is used to chop things on so you don't scratch

up your kitchen counter. Roasting:

2. Most tables have salt and pepper shakers for spicing It is a method of cooking food by heating on a tawa or

up food. frying pan without covering it. Example: Groundnuts,

3. Plastic containers are used to cook food. Cashewnut.

4. You can use a spatula to flip over your eggs easily.

37
 www.pschool.in/food-4

Frying: Multiple Choice Questions

It is a method of cooking food in hot oil. Example: 1. Which of the following vegetable is not used while
Chips, Poori. making salad?
Boiling, steaming and pressure cooking uses moist a. potato
heat. Roasting, frying and baking uses dry heat. There b. carrot
are other cooking methods like microwave cooking and c. cabbage
solar cooking. d. cucumber

We get the below food items from plants and 2. Pick the food items that are made from milk?
animals. Classify. a. curd
Butter, Egg, Meat, Corn, Potato, Brinjal, Curd, b. butter
Mushroom, Carrot, Ghee, Milk, Onion, Fish c. mushroom
Plants Animals d. ghee

3. Which cooking process needs a lot of oil?

a. Boiling
b. Frying
c. Roasting

4. Cakes are usually prepared by the process of

________.
We can eat some food items raw, without cooking. a. frying
Classify b. baking
fish, apple, cucumber, dhal, meat, potato, tomato, lady's c. roasting
finger, brinjal, carrot, cashewnut, tapioca
Raw Only Cooked 5. What are the benefits of cooking food?
a. Easy to digest
b. adds taste and flavour
c. kills germs
d. all of the above

Classify the below sentences as true or false

1. We make salad by cooking vegetables.
2. Cooked foods are difficult to digest.
Match the following. 3. Honey is the only food that does not spoil.
4. Chips are made by the process of boiling.
Idli Frying 5. Cooking kills germs.
Rice Boiling 6. Idlis are made by the process of steaming.
Egg Roasting
Cashewnut Steaming Food Hygiene
Chips Pressure cooking We need to follow the below basic habits.
1. Wash your hands with soap before cooking.
2. Wash vegetables and fruits before cutting.
3. Wash cooking vessels and knives.
4. Don't cook food for a long time because it destroys

38
 www.pschool.in/food-4

the nutrients present in the food. 1. Pickling - Mixing fruits and vegetables with oil and
5. Don't use the same oil for cooking food many times. salt.
6. Using the food items after their expiry date is not 2. Refrigerating - Keeping food in the fridge to preserve
good for health. them for a short time.
3. Drying - Removing the water content of the food.
Utensils 4. Canning - Storing food in air tight containers.
Utensils are in different shapes and sizes. We use
specific utensils for each cooking method. Clay pots Multiple Choice Questions
were used earlier. Stainless steel and aluminum vessels 1. We should avoid eating ____ food.
are now generally used for cooking. a. raw
b. fresh
Meal-time Hygiene c. junk
Meal-time hygiene includes ways to make sure that we
do not get sick because of the way we eat or make 2. _______ is an easily digested food.
food. a. Idli
1. Always cover food to protect them from dust and b. Briyani
insects. c. parotta
2. Eat fresh food always.
3. Avoid taking food that is too cold or too hot. 3. What type of food should we take when sick?
4. Avoid fast food and fried food. a. fried food
5. Always wash your hands before and after eating. b. easily digestible
c. energy giving
Food During Illness d. meat
When we are sick, we should avoid food items that are
fried in oil. We should take energy-giving, easily 4. Which day is observed as world hunger day?
digestible food. Some of them are given below: a. 28th June
1. Porridge of rice or cereals. b. 18th May
2. Fruit juice, tender coconut. c. 18th June
3. Steamed foods like idli. d. 28th May

Food Wastage 5. The preservation method of mixing vegetables with

We should not waste food. Food that is not eaten is oil and salt is known as _______.
called leftover food. That is discarded as waste. a. canning
Following are the simple ways to avoid food wastage. b. drying
1. Take what you'll eat and eat what you take. c. pickling
2. Share the excess food.
3. Give the excess food to hungry animals. Classify the below sentences as true or false
One third of the food produced in the world is wasted. 1. Pressure cooker is not a cooking utensil.
On the other hand, one section of people do not get 2. Junk food is good for health.
enough food. 28th May is observed as world hunger 3. You should wash your hands before cooking.
day. 4. Solar cooker reduces the use of fuel.
5. Vegetables and fruits should be washed after cutting.
Food Preservation
We can preserve the food for long time by using the
following methods. 6. In olden days, people cooked their food in pressure
39
 www.pschool.in/food-4

cooker. 5. We can avoid food wastage by

7. You should wash your hands before and after eating. a. Eating more than we need
b. Giving to the needy
c. buying extra food
d. throwing in a dust bin
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
1. The process of mixing fruits and vegetables with oil Fill in the blanks with the given options.
and salt is called ______________ . 1. ____ (Raw, Junk) food gives us energy to work and
2. Keeping food in the fridge to preserve them for a play.
short time is called ______________ . 2. Cooked food is easily ___________ (digested,
3. Removing the water content of the food is called undigested).
______________ . 3. Pressure cooker is one of the ______ (modern, olden)
4. Storing food in air tight containers is called utensils.
______________ . 4. We need pure air, protected water and _______
pickling refrigerating drying canning (hygenic, junk)food for our healthy life.
5. We make Idli by ________ (steaming, boiling)
Multiple Choice Questions method.
1. Which one can be eaten as raw food?
a. Potato Classify the below as hygenic or junk food.
b. Fish milk, nuts, chips, fruits, samosa, panipoori, salad
c. Meat Hygenic Junk
d. Carrot

2. Uncooked food is called _______

a. raw food
b. junk food
c. hygienic food
d. cooked food

3. Solar cooker reduces___________ . Match the following

a. Air Pollution
b. Water Pollution Grapes Modern utensil
c. Land Pollution Mixture of vegetables Olden utensil
d. Noise Pollution Electric rice cooker Salad
Earthen pot Food during illness
4. Which one cannot be preserved by drying method? Less fatty food Raw food
a. Fruits
b. Rice Say Yes or No
c. Fish 1. Briyani is a raw food.
d. Cereals 2. We can cook rice on a tawa.
3. Frying is a method of cooking.
4. Cooking in a solar oven needs sunlight.
5. Consuming too much oily food is bad for our health.

40
 www.pschool.in/food-4

Value of Food Harvesting Winnowing Transporting

Threshing
How do we get grains?
We need rainwater to grow bajra. After sometime, ears Match the following
of bajra are visible on every stalk. During harvest
season, ears of corn are full. All the bajra's ears must be Wheat Horticulture
chopped and gathered. Then the process of threshing Fruits Rabi crop
and winnowing starts. Through this process, we obtain Rice Oil
the grains from the ears of bajra. Chilly Kharif crop
Sesame Spices
Do you know?
Birds come to eat the tender grains as the grains grow. Classify as sour or sweet
Scarecrows must be placed and slung shots must be Sugar, Honey, Vinegar, Cupcake, Fruit juice, Candy,
fired to scare the birds away. Tamarind, Lemon
We get different types of food from different places. Sour Sweet
We get fish from water. Fruits like amla, jamun,
karvanda,bor grow in forests.
The grains and other foodstuffs are gathered and sold
all over the country. They are transported by means of
trucks or goods trains.
It is the turn of porters and truck-drivers to put in their
labour. Transport costs a lot, too. All the processes of
purchasing, transporting and marketing are expensive.
Odd one out
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. 1. Hen, Cow, Sheep, Dog
1. Singhadas and makhanas are obtained from 2. Donut, Bread, Rice, Pizza
___________ plants. 3. Fish, Milk, Butter, Yoghurt
2. If a machine is not available, ___________ do the 4. Tamarind, Jaggery, Honey, Sugar
threshing.
3. The tiny peaks on our tongue are called ___________ . Food - 5
4. A region’s climate and ___________ determine the
crops that are grown in that region. Spoilage of Food

5. When the soil becomes ___________ and humid the Food items like fruits, vegetables, milk and meat will be

crop is sown. fresh for very short time. These are called perishable

freshwater taste buds bullocks hot soil foods and they get spoiled easily. Some food items like
rice have long life time but they also decompose. The

Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. change in the normal state of the food is called spoilage

1. The process of gathering of ripened crop. of food. Spoiled food becomes unsuitable to eat. We

_____________ can notice such changes from the taste and smell of

2. To blow through grain in order to remove the outer the spoiled food. Eating spoiled food results in

covering. _____________ diseases.

3. Process of moving foodstuffs from warehouses to Once the food items are harvested they begin to

consumers through trucks. _____________ decompose. Food can be spoiled by factors like air and

4. The process of loosening the edible part of grain. oxygen, moisture, enzymes, microorganisms, light and

_____________ temperature.
41
 www.pschool.in/food-5

1. Air and Oxygen: When oxygen reacts with food 3. To prevent the growth of microorganisms like
contents, it produces changes in the colour and flavour bacteria and fungi in the food items.
of the food. 4. To reduce the wastage of food materials.
2. Moisture keeps the food fresh. When the moisture is 5. Preserving food not only protects our health but also
gone, vegetables and fruits shrink. Due to evaporation, makes food available to the people who need it.
moisture loss occurs in foods like meat, fish and
cheese. Classify the below as perishable or non-perishable
3. Enzymes break down the tissues and components food.
of the food in different ways like oxidation, browning Corn, Oil, Pulses, Wheat, Salt, Sugar, Vegetables, Meat,
and ripening. So the food items decay. Fruits, Nuts, Rice, Milk
4. Microorganisms such as fungi, yeast and bacteria Perishable Non-perishable
can grow well in low temperatures. They multiply in food
and spoil them.
5. Light produces colour changes and also vitamin
loss.
6. Temperature: Sometimes rise in temperature causes
food spoilage.
Spoiled foods are not suitable to eat. They may not be
fresh and tasty.
Sometimes it will be harmful to consume them. Fill in the blanks with the given options.
Microorganisms present in spoiled foods may cause 1. Spoiled foods are ___________ (unsuitable, suitable)
foodborne diseases like stomach pain, fever, dysentery, to eat.
vomiting and indigestion. 2. The change in the normal state of the food is called
While purchasing packed food items, we should check ________ (spoilage, storage) of food.
the following details. 3. Food products start to decay after ___________
1. Manufactured date (harvesting, cooking).
2. Expiry date 4. Eating spoiled foods bring ____ (food, air) borne
3. Ingredients diseases.
4. Energy content of the food material. 5. Sometimes we can check spoiled food by ________
(smelling, hearing).
Preservation of Food
Chemical preservatives are added to stop the growth Multiple Choice Questions
of micro-organisms in certain food materials. E.g. 1. What are the details that can be found in packed
Sodium benzoate is added with fruits, Sulphur dioxide is food.
added with dry fruits, Vinegar is added with pickles. a. Price
Irradiation is a modern method by which, food is b. Expiry date
exposed to gamma rays or ultra violet rays to kill the c. Manufactured date
bacteria and the mould. It does not affect the taste of d. Ingredients
the food or nutritive value of the foods. E.g. Onion,
Potatoes. 2. Which chemical is used to preserve fruits?
a. Sulphur Dioxide
Purpose of Food Preservation b. Sodium Chloride
1. To retain the colour, taste and nutritive value of the c. Copper Benzoate
food. d. Sodium Benzoate
2. To make food available throughout the year.

42
 www.pschool.in/food-5

3. Which chemical is used to preserve pickles? Types of Diseases

a. Vinegar There are four main types of diseases. They are
b. Sodium Benzoate 1. Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms
c. Sodium Chloride which invade our body and multiply inside them. These
d. Copper Benzoate diseases are spread from one person to another. E.g.
Common cold.
4. Which of the following is not a micro-organism? 2. Hereditary diseases occur due to abnormalities in
a. yeast the gene. These diseases are passed from parents to
b. bacteria children. E.g. Heart disease.
c. fungi 3. Physiological diseases are caused due to
d. enzymes malfunction of the body organs. E.g. Asthma.
4. Deficiency diseases are caused due to the deficiency
5. What keeps the food fresh? in one or more of the nutrients. Eg. Anaemia
a. light
b. oxygen Protein deficiency diseases
c. enzyme Marasmus and Kwashiorkor are the protein deficiency
d. moisure diseases. In marasmus, the child loses weight and it will
appear as though bones are covered by skin. In
6. What rays are used in irradiation process? Kwashiorkor, the child develops an enlarged belly with
a. gamma rays swollen face and feet. By eating protein rich foods like
b. x-rays egg, milk, fish and green leafy vegetables we can avoid
c. infra-red rays protein deficiency diseases. Kwashiorkor disease is
d. ultra-violet rays found more among people in developing countries. It is
because their diet is high in carbohydrates which is
Disease cheaper and low in proteins. As they live below poverty
A disease is an abnormal condition that affects a living line, they couldn’t afford protein rich food which is
organism. This abnormal condition affects the structure costly.
and function of the organism. Diseases may be caused
by external factors as well as internal dysfunction. Each Vitamin deficiency diseases
disease has symptoms. We come to know about the There are different types of vitamins, and they are
diseases from their symptoms. named with letters.
1. Vitamin-A is present in egg, papaya, milk and carrot.
Causes of Diseases Lack of vitamin-A may cause Night-blindness.
Diseases are caused by microorganisms like bacteria, 2. Vitamin-B is present cereals and green vegetables.
virus, protozoa and fungi. They are transmitted by Lack of vitamin-B may cause Beri-beri.
insects, and also through contaminated air and water. 3. Vitamin-C is abundent in lemon, orange and tomato.
Some diseases are caused when the function of the Lack of vitamin-C may cause Scurvy.
organ is affected. In general, causes of diseases can be 4. Sun is the natural source of vitamin-D. It is also
classified as below. present in fish, egg and milk. Lack of vitamin-D may
1. Metabolic factor. E.g. Diabetes cause Rickets.
2. Genetic factor. E.g. Colour blindness
3. Microorganisms. E.g. Bacterial diseases Mineral deficiency diseases
4. Nutritional factor. E.g. Marasmus Iron and Iodine are common minerals that we need for
5. Environmental factor. E.g. Cholera good health. Cashewnuts, dates, spinach and lentils are
rich in iron. Lack of iron may cause Anaemia. Iodine is
43
 www.pschool.in/food-5

present in vegetables and iodized salt. 3. Anaemia is the disease which occurs due to lack
of_______.
Match the Nutrients with its Sources. a. Vitamin-A
b. Vitamin-D
Vitamin-C Sunlight c. Iron
Vitamin-B Dates d. Vitamin-B
Vitamin-A Cereals
Vitamin-D Fish 4. Storage of Excess fat in the body is known as
Iron Lemon a. Headache
Protein Milk b. Obesity
c. Stomach pain
Match the Nutrients with its deficiency Diseases. d. Fever

Vitamin-C Beri-beri 5. Carbohydrates are rich in

Vitamin-B Marasmus a. Rice
Vitamin-A Scurvy b. Fruits
Vitamin-D Night-blindness c. Ghee
Iron Rickets d. Oil
Protein Anaemia

Classify the below sentences as True and False

Match the different disease factors with the disease. 1. Irradiation affects the taste of the food materials.
2. Vinegar is added as Preservative for Pickles.
Metabolic Cholera 3. Growing children need more proteins in their food.
Genetic Typhoid 4. Deficiency due to iodine is called as beriberi.
Microorganisms Marasmus 5. In case of Gas leakage, we can continue to use
Nutritional Colour blindness electric appliances.
Environmental Diabetes
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
Multiple Choice Questions 1. Night Blindness is caused by the lack of _________ .
1. The biotic factor which spoils the food item is 2. Marasmus is a _________ deficiency disease.
________. 3. Bad smell from the food item is due to _________ .
a. temperature 4. Humidity in air is one of the _________ factor, which
b. drying spoils food.
c. bacteria 5. Using low quality gas tubes in the gas stove may
d. humidity lead to _________ leakage.
gas important vitamin-A protein
2. Grains are preserved by______. spoilage
a. drying
b. freezing Food for all
c. adding sugar
d. adding salt Agriculture
Sixty percent of land in our country is used for
agriculture. For agriculture, there are two main seasons
in our country. The season from June to October is
called the kharif season. The season from October to

44
 www.pschool.in/food-5

March is rabi season. In the kharif season, the crops are Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
watered by rain. In rabi season, rainwater that has 1. _______________ can resist pest attacks.
soaked into the soil, the retreating monsoons and dew 2. Crops were traditionally watered through
are the sources of water for the crops. _______________ .
3. _______________ irrigation is a process that sprays
Methods of Irrigation water directly on plants.
Water from rivers, lakes and wells is used for irrigation 4. Natural and _______________ are two kinds of
in addition to rainwater. Drip irrigation and sprinkle fertilizers.
irrigation are two of these modern methods. The drip 5. _______________ makes the land saline and fallow.
irrigation method makes use of pipes with holes and Improved seeds canal Sprinkle
delivers water directly to the roots of plants. Sprinkle chemical Overwatering
irrigation makes use of sprinklers of different sizes that
spray water directly on plants. Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
1. The process through which the water and nutrients
Fertilizers and Pesticides are directly delivered to the plant's roots.
Fertilizers provide the required nutritive substances to _________________
the crop. There are two kinds of fertilizers, natural and 2. The great increase in the production of food grains.
chemical. Natural fertilizers are obtained from materials _________________
available in nature like green waste and animal dung. 3. Another name for natural fertilizers.
Chemical fertilizers are mixtures of different chemical _________________
substances in specific proportions, useful for 4. Crops are grown from March to June.
agriculture. Chemical fertilizers came to be used for _________________
quicker growth and higher yields. Overuse of chemical Drip irrigation Green revolution Manures
fertilizers lowers the fertility of the soil and reduces its Summer crops
productivity.
It is important to avoid excessive use of fertilizers to Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
protect the crops as overuse can damage the crops in 1. A Beverage crop- ______________
fields. It is also important to store the harvested crop 2. A crop that grows in the temperate zone-
safely. Stored grains can get damaged by fungi and ______________
insects. To prevent such damage, neem leaves are 3. A crop which is grown extensively in Coimbatore-
mixed with the gains. ______________
4. The Oldest method of irrigation- ______________
Food storage and conservation of environment 5. Rearing of animals- ______________
1. Green revolution- The increase in food grain MAIZE WHEAT COTTON WELL MIXED
production (such as rice and wheat) due to the FARMING
introduction of high-yielding varieties, the use of
pesticides, and improved management techniques. Classify the below sentences as true and false
2. In 2013, India enacted a food security law that made 1. Japan is the land of farmers.
it possible to fight against hunger and malnutrition. 2. Canal irrigation is the most important form of
3. Various agriculture assistance programmes are irrigation in India.
organised for farmers to inform them about the latest 3. Two third of our nation's income comes from
technology, irrigation facilities, pesticides, fertilizers agriculture.
etc. 4. Agriculture led to the development of human
civilization.
5. Thanjavur is known as the rice bowl of Tamil Nadu.
45
 www.pschool.in/food-5

Cooling- It is the process in which the foodstuffs are

Multiple Choice Questions kept in the refrigerator. Through this process, micro-
1. Which is called the golden fibre? organisms do not get any warmth so they are unable to
a. Silk grow.
b. Cotton Boiling- In this process the foodstuffs are boiled to
c. Jute destroy microorganisms.
Storing in airtight containers- In this process the
2. Which of these is not a rabi crop? foodstuffs are placed in airtight containers to ensure
a. Barley that water or air are not entered the foodstuff.
b. Wheat
c. Maize Classify the below sentences as true and false
1. Foodstuffs get warmth when they are stored in the
3. Farming that relies on natural material? refrigerator.
a. Home 2. We make efforts to preserve food to prevent them
b. Organic from getting spoiled.
c. Commercial 3. Milk products are made and preserved for a whole
year.
4. Which state is the chief producer of tea in India? 4. Spices have a strong taste and are obtained from
a. Assam plants.
b. Karnataka 5. The process through which water content is lost is
c. Kerala cooling.

5. The person who is engaged in agriculture. Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
a. Teacher 1. Microorganisms grow fast in the presence of air and
b. Doctor ______________ .
c. Farmer 2. A ______________ is a type of micro-organism.
3. Mango pulp and ______________ are foodstuffs that
Preserving Food spoil quickly.
4. Food spoiled from micro-organisms can cause
Food Preservation ______________ .
1. In the winter season, to keep food longer foodstuffs 5. ______________ ensure that water or air will not enter
are kept in the refrigerator. the foodstuff.
2. Grains should be dried in sun before storing them moisture diseases fungus Airtight cans
3. We should boil milk, curries and vegetables to milk
prevent them from spoiling.
4. We should keep the food away from mice, rats and Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
other insects. 1. Food is dried to prevent water content.
Microorganisms are present all around us. If _______________
microorganisms grow, they spoil the food. The nutrition 2. Food is rapidly frozen. _______________
value of such food is decreased. Such food can cause 3. Food is placed in an airtight container.
diseases. _______________
4. Food is stored in an airtight container under a
Methods of Preservation vacuum. _______________
Drying- It is the process in which foodstuffs are dried 5. Soaking food in saltwater, vinegar or oil.
to remove the water content. _______________

46
 www.pschool.in/food-5

Drying Freezing Pickling Canning fat meat.

Vacuum packing 2. Include fruits and vegetables, legumes, whole grains,
and nuts in your daily diet.
Food Spoilage 3. Engage in regular physical activity.
Perishable foods get spoiled easily. The change in the 4. Make sure you get enough sleep.
normal state of food is called spoilage of food.
Types of diseases
Why food gets spoiled? Infectious disorders are caused by bacteria that enter
1. Air, oxygen and moisture can cause spoilage of and multiply within our bodies. Such diseases are
food. passed from one person to the next.
2. When foodstuffs are exposed to warmth it leads to Hereditary disorders are caused by genetic
the growth of microorganisms. Microorganisms abnormalities. These diseases are passed from one
multiply in food and spoil them. generation to the next.
3. Light produces colour changes and also vitamin Physiological diseases are diseases that are caused by
loss. the malfunction of body organs.
4. Enzymes are chemicals that are present in all Maintaining good health requires a diet that provides
foodstuffs. They speed up chemical changes that result all important elements in the proper proportions.
in loss of flavour, colour and texture. Deficiencies in one or more nutrients produce a variety
of diseases. These are called deficiency diseases.
Purpose of food preservation In marasmus, the child loses weight and the bones
1. To keep the food's colour, flavour, and nutritional appear to be covered by skin. In Kwashiorkor, the child
value. acquires a big belly, swollen face and feet.
2. To ensure that food is available all year. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies can cause a variety of
3. To prevent the growth of germs such as bacteria and diseases. We can avoid these diseases by consuming
fungi in food. vitamin and mineral-rich foods.
4. To reduce the wastage of food. The food pyramid was created to encourage people to
5. Food preservation not only protects our health but eat healthily. The requirements for certain nutrients vary
also ensures that food is available to those in need. from person to person depending on our work, age, and
sex.
Causes of diseases
Microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, Kitchen safety
and fungi cause diseases. Insects carry them, and they 1. The kitchen is a necessary part of our houses. The
can also be spread by contaminated air and water. kitchen's equipment and surroundings maybe a little
When an organ's function is disturbed, it can lead to dangerous. As a result, we must take precautions and
disease. care.
2. Gas easily catches fire. There could be serious
Obesity consequences if gas is released. As a result, we must
Obesity and overweight are both described as exercise care when handling cylinders.
abnormal or excessive fat in the body that can harm 3. Wet hands should not be used to operate electrical
one's health. Obesity is caused by an excess of calories appliances, as this might produce electric shocks.
consumed, a lack of physical activity, and genetic 4. Keep flammable materials such as kerosene and
factors. gasoline away from stoves.
To avoid obesity and overweight, you must take the 5. Cover the victim with a heavy blanket or carpet if the
following steps. person's clothes catch fire.
1. Limit your intake of fast food, fried foods, and high- 6. If kerosene or oil catches fire, put it out with sand.
47
 www.pschool.in/food-5

7. If solid items, such as wood, catch fire, put it out 1. In case of a minor burn, what will you do?
with water. a. Expose the burnt area to cool running water
8. If an electrical appliance catches fire, turn off the b. Apply warmth
power and unplug the appliances. c. Rub on the burnt skin
9. To put out the fire, use the correct fire extinguishers.
10. In the event of small burns, the affected area 2. Which of the statement is false?
should be held under cool running water for a few a. Use low quality gas stoves
minutes before receiving medical attention. b. tubes and regulators
c. Always use I.S.I standard gas
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. d. Keep the doors open to ensure ventilation
1. Obesity is caused by ______________ in the body.
2. Grains are preserved by ______________ . 3. In which position we should keep the cylinder?
3. In ______________ , the child develops an enlarged a. Inverted position
belly. b. Vertical position
4. ______________ is caused due to lack of iron. c. Horizontal position
5. ______________ is a method by which food is
exposed to UV rays to kill bacteria. 4. Which of the following statement is true?
Irradiation Anaemia kwashiorkor drying a. Turn on the electrical appliances in the kitchen
excessive fat b. Turn the knob after lighting the lighter
c. Keep the cylinder in an inverted position
Match the following
Food
Carbohydrates Bacterial disease
Micro-organisms Cereals What our ancestors ate?
Milk Iodine Our ancestors mainly depended on meat caught by
Beri Beri Rice hunting and fruits for their nutrition. They gathered fruit,
Goitre Boiling nuts, plants, vegetables and seeds that were edible.

Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. Changes in food habits
1. Diseases caused due to abnormalities in genes are Nowadays, we restrict our diet to few food groups. This
called ______________ diseases. diet does not provide us enough nutrients. This is a
2. Diseases which are caused due to a lack of essential major cause for lifestyle diseases. To avoid this we
nutrients in the body are called ______________ diseases. need to stricktly follow a balanced diet.
3. Diseases which are caused due to micro-organisms
are called ______________ diseases. Food shortage
4. Diseases which are caused due to the malfunction There are times when farmers are not able to grow
of the body organs are called ______________ diseases. enough food. Crops fail either because of lack of rainfall
Hereditary Deficiency Physiological or due to floods. At times like these, the prices go up as
Infectious the number of mouths to feed is far more than the food
availability. In this case, it's the poor who suffer as they
Multiple Choice Questions can no longer afford to buy food. Food shortages can
also be created artificially. This happens when enough
food is produced but is not released in the market in
order to keep the prices high. Traders hoard food grains
and make more money by selling them at higher prices.

48
 www.pschool.in/food-5

Drinking water is known as potable water. Not all water

Taste buds can be used for drinking or cooking.
Taste buds are sensory organs that are found on the Potable Water is:
tongue and allow us to experience taste that are sweet, 1. free from harmful chemicals.
salty, sour and bitter. The front part of the tongue 2. transparent.
recognises the sweet taste while the sides of the tongue 3. odourless and colourless.
recognises sour and salty taste. The back part of the 4. free from bacteria which cause diseases.
tongue recognises bitter taste.
Sources of Drinking Water
Multiple Choice Questions Water is available through many sources, but not all of
1. What are taste buds? them are suitable for drinking. It can be boiled to kill the
a. sensory organs germs and to make it suitable for drinking.
b. nerve endings
c. bone Saving Water
Only 3% of the water in the entire Earth is freshwater.
2. What will restricting our diet to a few food groups Thus, water is precious and we should never waste it.
lead to? Some ways to prevent wastage of water:
a. lifestyle diseases 1. Never let water overflow from buckets.
b. healthy living 2. Wash fruits and vegetables in a bowl and not under
c. strong body running tap.
3. Always close the tap while brushing your teeth.
3. Which of the following is not sweet? 4. Pour left over water in a plant.
a. candy 5. Close the tap properly after use.
b. ice cream 6. Use a sprinkler to water the garden.
c. chilli
Conservation of Water Bodies
4. Which of the following is bitter? Rain water flows through streams and rivers. Some
a. bitter gourd water gets collected in low lying areas like ponds and
b. carrot lakes. Rain water also seeps into the ground and
c. orange available as underground water. River waters can be
blocked by building a dam, and we can use them in the
5. What part of our tongue recognises salty taste? Summer.
a. front
b. back Lake
c. sides It is a large area filled with water and surrounded by
land. It is usually a part of a river or some other water

Water source.

Water Pond
Water is one of the most important resources on Earth. A pond is a body of stagnant water, either natural or
All living things need water to survive. People use water artificial and is smaller than a lake.
for various purposes. Rain is one of the main sources of
water. Tanks
A water tank is a container that stores water for our
Potable Water daily use.
49
 www.pschool.in/water-3

2. Only _____ of the water in the entire Earth is fresh

Methods to Conserve Water Bodies water.
1. Deepening of ponds and lakes a. 30%
2. Plant trees at the bank of water bodies b. 0.3%
3. Reduce water pollution c. 3%
4. Avoid digging too many wells in a region
3. By __________ water, we can kill the germs present in
Water borne diseases it.
Stagnant water is breeding ground for mosquitoes that a. boiling
result in Malaria and Dengue. b. cooling
Waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, c. filtering
typhoid are caused by drinking unclean water.
4. Which of these is not true?
Experiment a. Water is precious
Let us assemble a Simple Pump b. We should use water carefully
c. Plants and animals need water
d. We should always waste water

5. Where does the rain water go?

a. Plants absorb the water
b. Mixes with lake and pond
c. Seeps into the ground
d. Mingles with sea and ocean
Materials needed
A hollow tube - PVC, metal or even a long papaya stem
6. Which animal can live without water for several days?

Procedure
Hold the tube with your left hand and move it up and
a. camel
down into a bucket of water. Keep your right palm on
b. elephant
top of the tube and open and close it with each up and
c. lion
down reciprocation. Soon, water will start squirting out.
d. tiger
Here the up-down motion of the left hand does the
pumping while the right palm acts like a valve.
7. World water day is observed on _________.
a. March 22
Do you know?
b. March 2
1. A camel can drink 60 to 100 litres of water at a time
c. May 22
and live without water for several days.
d. May 2
2. World Water Day is on 22nd March.

8. Which of the following can be man-made?

Multiple Choice Questions
a. ocean
1. Which is the main source of water?
b. river
a. Sea
c. sea
b. Lake
d. pond
c. Rain

50
 www.pschool.in/water-3

9. Which of the following is responsible for water in a Experiments with Water

well? Add a spoon of salt in a cup of water and stir it with the
a. stream spoon. Observe what happens. Repeat the same
b. water tank experiment using sand instead of salt. Observe the
c. river difference.
d. ground water
What mix with water?
10. Which of the following does not relate to preserving We can find salt dissolves in water. The added salt is
water? not visible in the water. But sand doesn't dissolve in
a. taking umbrella while going out in rain water. We can see them at the bottom of the cup.
b. saving rain water Substances like salt, sugar, detergent dissolve in water.
c. avoiding water pollution But oil, turmeric powder, sand, sawdust doesn't dissolve
d. planting more trees in water.

Underline the odd one Floats vs Sinks

1. Pond, Hill, Sea, Lake Matters that don't mix with water either floats on the
2. Rose, Lily, Lotus, Water Hyacinth surface of water or sink and settle at the bottom. If it is
3. Fish, Horse, Cow, Tiger heavier than water than it sinks. If it is lighter than water
4. Combing, Swimming, Washing, Bathing than it floats.
5. Lake, Water Tank, Sea, Ocean Things like coin, rock, sand, marble sink in water.
6. Ice, Vapour, Water, Ice Cream Things like wood, sponge, apple, paper, eraser floats in
water.
Classify the below sentences as true and false
1. Planting more trees lead to rainfall. New Words!
2. Living things do not need water. 1. Solution: The mixture of water and the substance
3. We should bathe in shower to save water. dissolved in it is called a solution. Water retains the
4. A tank is a larger than a reservoir. taste of the substance dissolved. For example, water
5. We should wash our vehicles everyday. with salt dissolved in it will taste salty.
6. Saving water is our duty. 2. ORS: It stands for Oral Rehydration Solution and is a
7. It is necessary to collect rain water. solution of water, salt and sugar. People with upset
8. Always close the tap while brushing. stomach can drink this.
3. Saline: It is usually a solution of salt and water that
Fill in the blanks. is given to patients in the hospitals through drips.
1. Drinking water is known as _______ (potable, pot) 4. Micro-organism: An organism that is not visible with
water. the naked eyes. 'Microscopes' are the instruments used
2. Water that collects in the low lying areas is called to see them. Some of these are very important and
____ (lake, sea). useful for both nature and us, humans.
3. It is our _______________ (responsibility, work) to keep
the public water resources clean. Do you know?
4. The largest source of water on the earth is _____ 1. Sea water is unfit for drinking because its saline.
(ocean, sea). 2. Taste of well-water differs from area to area. It is
5. ____ (All, Few) living things need water. because the ground water also dissolves different
6. _______ (Malaria, Cholera) is caused by mosquitoes. substances present in the soil.
3. Carbondioxide is dissolved in water (under pressure)
to make cold-drinks.
51
 www.pschool.in/water-3

4. Particles of soil are heavier than water but since Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
they're small in size, they take time to sink. Also, swirling 1. We need water to
alum in water helps these particles to settle down 2. 1. _____ our face
faster. 3. 2. _____ our teeth
5. Boiling the water kills micro-organisms present in it 4. 3. _____ our food
and makes it safe for drinking. 5. 4. _____ the kitchen vessels
6. 5. _____ plants
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. 7. 6. _____ a bot
1. Salt and sugar ________ in water. wash brush row grow cook clean
2. Mixture obtained after dissolving a substance in
water is called ________ . Classify the activities that need water.
3. Some micro-organisms can cause ________ if they Planting, Water coloring, Singing, Running, Writing,
enter our body. Boating, Playing, Washing
4. Things that float in water are ________ . Needs water Doesn't need water
5. Things that sink in water are ________ .
6. ________ is swirled in muddy water to clean it.
Alum dissolve solution diseases
lighter heavier

Identify what will dissolve in water.

Alum, Salt, Sugar, Detergent, Oil, Turmeric powder,
Sand, Sawdust
Dissolve Do not dissolve Find out the different sources of water.
1. A I N R :
2. E K A L :
3. N D O P :
4. M A E R T S :
5. L L W E :
6. E A S :
7. N A C E O :

Identify what will sink and float in water. Order the below water bodies based on the size
Pencil, Mud, Leaves, Wood, Paper, Flower, Turmeric sea
powder, Stone, Sand lake
Sink Float water tank
pond
river
ocean

52
 www.pschool.in/water-3

Match the following further condenses to form tiny water droplets.

Sea Unclean water Precipitation

River Mosquito The water droplets join together to form clouds. As
Dengue Ground water they get cooler, the droplets become bigger and heavier
Typhoid Fresh Water and fall as rain. If the air is very cold, they freeze to fall
Well Salt Water as hail of snow.

Water Cycle Flowing back to Oceans

Rain water forms streams and springs which join
Water together to form rivers. Rivers flow finally into the sea
and ocean thereby completing the cycle.
Three states of water
Water occurs naturally in three forms: ice, water and Activity 1
water vapour. These forms are also called states of Take half a glass of water. Clean the outside part of the
water. Ice is in solid form, water is in liquid form and glass. Add few ice cubes and leave it for 5-10 minutes.
water vapour is in gaseous form. These states occur You will observe drops of water appearing outside the
naturally because of temperature changes. Water glass. This happens because the water vapour in the air
becomes ice in cold regions, remains as water in condenses on the cold surface of the glass.
oceans/rivers and becomes water vapour due to the
heat of the Sun. Let us do
We measure heat and cold using temperature. The 1. Fill water in an ice tray and keep it in the freezer.
natural temperature is known as room temperature. After few hours, take it out. What happened to the
When we get fever, our body temperature will raise. We water?
can measure temperature using a thermometer 2. Now keep this ice tray on a table for some time.
At temperature below 0° C, water becomes ice. This What happens to the ice?
process is called freezing. 3. Pour water from the ice tray into a kettle. Ask an
elder at your home to heat the kettle and observe the
Water Cycle mouth of the kettle when the water starts boiling. What
Continuous movement of water from the Earth to the do you see?
atmosphere and back to the Earth is known as water
cycle or hydrologic cycle. Water cycle consists of the Rainwater harvesting
following four stages. It is the process of collecting and storing rainwater for
future use. Rainwater can be collected in natural
Evaporation reservoirs or artificial tanks. Roof top harvesting is also
Water can slowly convert to water vapour even in room a type of rainwater harvesting. The rainwater on the top
temperature. It is called evaporation. It takes place from of the building is collected and passed into the ground
the surfaces of rivers, oceans, lakes and ponds. Wet through pipes. Water passing through the pipes enters
clothes dry when exposed to sunlight or air due to the pit which consist of gravels and coarse sand. As it
evaporation. Plants also release water by transpiration. passes impurities are filtered and stored as ground
water. Do you know?
Condensation 1. Each day, we lose a little more than a cup of water
The process of converting water vapour into water on when we exhale.
cooling is called condensation. Water vapour in the 2. 73% of our brain's mass consists of water.
atmosphere being lighter, rises up and cools down. It 3. The Antarctic region has about 70% of the world's
53
 www.pschool.in/water-4

fresh water. 5. Rainwater ___________ (harvesting, recyling) helps in

improving ground water.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Water is the most __________ resource on the Earth True or False
a. precious 1. At 100° C, water becomes ice.
b. solid 2. Roof top harvesting method is used in agriculture
c. gas field.
3. 37% of our brain's mass consists of water.
2. Water exists in _________ states. 4. Water cycle controls Earth's temperature.
a. two 5. Water is a good example for the three states of
b. four matter.
c. three 6. Water becoming water vapour on heating is called
vapourization.
3. At temperature below _______ water freezes to form
ice. Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
a. 100° C 1. If you _________ water to a temperature of _________ ,
b. 10° C it _________ to form water vapour.
c. 0° C 2. If you _________ water to a temperature of _________ ,
it _________ to form ice.
4. ___________ is the process by which water becomes 3. Ice _________ when we keep it in _________
water vapour. temperature.
a. Freezing 100 °C melts 0 °C heat room
b. Condensation cool vapourize freezes
c. Evaporation
Match the following
5. Which controls the ecological functions of life?
a. Recycle Water Freezing Point Clouds
b. Bicycle Boiling Point 3 States
c. Water cycle Temperature 0° C
Water 100° C
6. Water is present in huge quantities as vapour and Condensation Thermometer
clouds in the ________
a. sky Rearrage the below based on their usual temparature.
b. rain
c. atmosphere
d. earth cool drinks
hot water
Click the blanks and fill it with the right word. ice cubes
1. Water is converted into _____________ (water vapour, boiling water
ice cube) when heated. tap water
2. Water becomes ice on ________ (freezing, heating).
3. Water droplets combine to form ______ (clouds,
rain).
4. Water cycle increases the availability of ______
(ground, sea)water.

54
 www.pschool.in/water-4

Storing and Fetching Water pipes. In case if there is any problem in getting water,
In olden days, people lived near to rivers and other we will call a plumber who will fix the problem for us.
water sources, so that they get access to water.
Later they dug wells on the ground, so that they can Drag and drop the water storage techniques
use the available ground water. They were called draw accordingly.
wells. Water was taken out using a bucket tied to a rope. Dams, Draw Wells, Water Tower, Bunds, Reservoirs,
Fetching water will be easier with the help of pulley or Borewells
rotating rod. Old ways New ways
In olden days, bunds were built across the rivers to
save water. They also built reservoirs and tanks to save
water. They built cannels to take river water and rain
water to the tanks. These made life possible in the
summer and during times when there was no rain.

New Storage Methods

Dams Multiple Choice Questions

Big dams were built across rivers to store large 1. Which is the most important technique for water
quantity of water. These dams also helps in generating storage?
electicity. a. Dams
b. Reservoirs
Borewells c. Forts
These wells are very deep and narrow. The
groundwater is extracted with the help of electric 2. Which of these does not require machine work?
pumps and motors. a. Draw-wells
b. Borewells
Water Towers c. Dams
They are build in our locality and water is pumped and
stored at a height. It is connected through pipes and 3. ___________ were built in areas with no major river.
reaches our bathroom and kitchen. a. Reservoirs
b. Dams
c. Borewells

4. We get water in our house through pipes connected

from a ________.
a. dam
b. river
c. water tower

Clean Water
Earlier, earthen pots and copper pots were used to
store water at homes. But these days we generally use
In olden days, there was no tap water in the houses. plastic or steel bottles and containers for the same.
People have to walk a distance to get water. But
nowadays, we get water in our houses directly through How to keep water clean:
55
 www.pschool.in/water-4

1. Keep the containers covered to prevent dust and 70% of the available fresh water.
insects. Water management is the activity of planning,
2. Keep a dipper to take out water from these developing and managing the optimum use of water
containers, else dirt from our hands will contaminate resources. Nowadays we don't get enough rainfall and
the water. Also, we can have a tap on these containers except few, most of the rivers are drained. Due to recent
to avoid contamination. changes in the climate we don’t have water in lakes and
3. Wash the container before refilling it. ponds. People in many countries suffer without water
even for their basic needs. So, we need to manage the
Do you know? available water.
People think that we can't drink water from previous
day. But the truth is, water remains as clean as it was Rain Water Harvesting
before if kept safely. So, we can drink the water we The process of collecting rain water from the roof top
stored on previous day. of the buildings is called rain water harvesting. In this
system rain water is stored into a storage tank for later
New Word! use. Rain water available in the open spaces around the
1. Water tower: It is basically a huge water tank and buildings may also be recharged into the ground. It is
water is stored on its top. Electric pumps and motors another method of rainwater harvesting.
are used to raise the water to its top. It stores purified
water and supplies water to different areas through a Advantages
large network of pipes. 1. Rain water harvesting can reduce flooding in the
cities.
Arrange these steps in the order of occurrence. 2. Rain water harvesting can reduce top soil loss.
Spread of water through pipelines 3. Ground water level can be increased.
Storage of water in water tower 4. Ground water can be conserved.
Purification of water 5. It can improve plant growth.
Reaching homes and industries
Source of water Farm Ponds
A farm pond is a structure dug out on the Earth. It is
usually square or rectangular in shape. Rainwater is
Match the following stored in it for irrigation purposes. It is surrounded by a
small bund, which prevents erosion on the banks of the
Pure water Wells pond. The size and depth of the pond depend on the
Copper pots Pipelines type of the soil, water requirements of the farmer, its
Water supply Old way uses and the cost of excavation. Water is conveyed to
Groundwater Drinkable the fields manually, by pumping, or by both.
Potable water Water tower
Waste Water Management

Water Management Used water from any combination of activities such as

domestic (houses), industrial, commercial, agricultural
Water is called waste water. This water has been used for
About 97% of total water available on the earth is too laundry, bathing, dish washing, toilets and industrial
salty to be used for drinking and irrigation. The rest 3% purposes. Waste water also includes rain water that has
of water is fresh water. been accumulated pollutants as it runs into the oceans,
Agriculture is the source of our living. It uses most of lakes and rivers. Pollutants are unwanted chemicals or
the world's fresh water resources. It consumes around materials that contaminate water. The goal of waste

56
 www.pschool.in/water-5

water management is to clean and protect water so that The discharge of untreated industrial wastes from the
it can be reused. It also must be clean before it flows industries into rivers and lakes is one of the main
into oceans, lakes and rivers. causes of water pollution. The industrial wastes contain
harmful substances such as acid, alkalis etc. The
Waste Water Treatment chemicals like Arsenic, Lead, Mercury and Cadmium are
Generally, waste water is treated by physical, chemical released by the industries and it leads to toxicity in
and biological processes using filtration, sedimentation, plants and animals.
adding cow dung powder and bacteria. This method is
followed in industries. Sewage
The dumping of sewage into rivers and lakes is the
Advantages second major cause of water pollution in big cities.
1. Waste water treatment ensures that the environment
is clean. Domestic Waste
2. There is no water pollution. Food waste, soaps and detergents, garbage, wrappers,
3. It prevents waterborne diseases. plastics and other materials carried by the flowing water
4. It ensures that there is adequate water for irrigation. pollute the water bodies.

Desalination of Sea Water Chemical Fertilizers and Insecticides

Desalination is an artificial process of converting The excess use of fertilizers and pesticides causes
saline water (sea water) into fresh water. The common water pollution. Because these chemicals are washed
desalination processes are: into the rivers and lakes with rainwater, they pollute the
1. Distillation soil and underground water also. Pesticides like DDT
2. Reverse Osmosis (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane) enter the bodies of
The process in which both evaporation and aquatic animals and reach the human body by the way
condensation go side by side is called distillation. of food chain.
Reverse osmosis is a process of forcing water under
pressure through a semi-permeable membrane. Tiny Synthetic Detergents
pores in the membrane allow water to pass but exclude Excess use of synthetic detergents for washing
most salts and minerals. The reverse osmosis process purposes produces foam and they pollute the water.
helps to solve the water scarcity problem.
Oil Spill
Water Pollution Oil leakages on the surface of the sea affect the
Contamination of water bodies by human activities is marine organisms.
called water pollution. Our water resources (pond, lake,
river, canal and well) are polluted by sanitary water, Prevention of Water Pollution
industrial wastes, insecticides, fertilizers, sewages, 1. Plastic waste, food materials and vegetables should
synthetic detergents, chemical fertilizers, oil, heavy not be thrown into open drains.
metals and radioactive wastes. These unwanted and 2. Proper sewage treatment and management should
harmful substances which pollute water are called be implemented.
water pollutants. 3. Excess use of fertilizers and pesticides should be
The major sources of water pollution are industrial avoided in agricultural land.
waste, sewage, domestic waste, chemical fertilizers and
insecticides, synthetic detergents and oil spill. Waterborne Diseases
Illness caused by the micro-organisms present in the
Industrial Waste untreated or contaminated water is called waterborne
57
 www.pschool.in/water-5

diseases. They are responsible for morbidity and 4. __________ is an artificial process of converting sea
mortality in all age groups particularly among children water into fresh water
under 5 years of age. It is believed that 80% of all a. Desalination
diseases in the world are caused by inadequate b. Reverse Osmosis
sanitation and polluted water. Poverty, illiteracy, c. Decantation
overcrowding and low health services are also directly d. Distillation
or indirectly responsible for the prevalence of these
diseases. 5. Which of the following are advantages of rain water
Diarrhoea, dysentery, typhoid and cholera are some of harvesting?
the common waterborne diseases. They are caused by a. Rain water harvesting can reduce flooding in the
micro-organisms like bacteria and virus. Some of them cities.
are spread by mosquitoes. b. Rain water harvesting can reduce top soil loss.
Aedes mosquito breeds in stagnant water and it c. Ground water level can be increased.
causes Dengue fever. Similarly, pigs feed in the stagnant
sewage water. The pigs infected by virus spread Swine 6. Which of the following are sources of waste water?
flu. a. agriculture
b. houses
Prevention of Waterborne Diseases c. industries
1. Good personal hygiene should be practiced and
basic sanitation should be improved. 7. Which of the following is not a desalination process?
2. Chlorinated and boiled water should be used for
drinking.
3. Drink boiled or pasteurized milk. a. Reverse Osmosis
4. Dispose infectious wastes properly. b. Filteration
c. Distillation
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following micro organisms causes Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
water borne diseases? 1. The accumulated underground water comes out in
a. All the form of ______________________ .
b. Virus 2. The process of changing water into water vapour by
c. protozoa the heat of the Sun is called ______________________ .
d. Bacteria 3. Rain water forms ______________________ which join
together to form rivers.
2. ________ water is free from suspended impurities. 4. The process of collecting and storing rain water is
a. River called ______________________ .
b. Well 5. Cholera is caused by ______________________ .
c. Underground streams evaporation bacteria rainwater
d. Sea harvesting springs

3. ________ of water is in oceans and seas

a. 97%
b. 87%
c. 77%
d. 47%

58
 www.pschool.in/water-5

Match the following. This is why all industries must treat the waste water
before releasing it. Similarly, sewage is also purified
Leakage of oil Man-made lake before releasing the water into a water body. Likewise,
Reservoir Influenza virus water is purified before being supplied across the town.
Condensation Pollution
Rainwater harvesting Cloud Mineral water
Swine Flu Save water It is conveniently available in general stores and
stations. The bottles are packed and sealed. We should
Click the blanks and fill it with the right word. always check the date of sealing and the date of expiry
1. Due to recent changes in the _______ (climate, printed on the neck of the bottle before buying it.
weather) we don’t have water in lakes and ponds. Checking for dates is important for not just mineral
2. Rain water ___________ (harvesting, ploughing) can water bottles but for other packed edibles like food and
reduce flooding in the cities. medicines as well.
3. Waste water treatment ensures that the ____________
(environment, atmosphere) is clean. Famine
4. Desalination is ______________ (an artificial, a natural) Places with least or no rainfall face scarcity of water,
process of converting saline water (sea water) into which further leads to drought.
fresh water. When there is no water to drink, bathe, cook and for
5. The discharge of _________ (untreated, treated) agriculture, this condition is called famine.
industrial wastes from the industries into rivers is the The government moves people from the affected areas
main cause of water pollution. to a safer place, temporarily.
6. Toxic mean _________ (poison, unhealthy).
7. Water borne diseases are caused by _____ (micro, Do you know?
macro) organisms. 1. Air and water are mixed with the help of pumps. This
leads to the dissolution of oxygen in the water. The
Classify the below sentence as Good or Bad. process is called oxygenation.
1. Drink boiled water. 2. In chlorination, chlorine is mixed in water to kill the
2. Proper rainwater harvesting is done in buildings. germs present in it.
3. Allow mosquitoes to live in our surroundings.
4. Discharge untreated water from industry. Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
5. Increase the use of plastics. 1. ____________ water is available in sealed bottles.
2. ____________ water is polluted water.
Water 3. ____________ should be treated before merging with
rivers.
Pollution of water 4. ____________ means mixing oxygen and water
Water is polluted when other substances get mixed in through pumps.
it. Some float on its surface while some dissolve in it. 5. ____________ is when there's no water left.
This makes the water unfit and unhealthy for drinking. 6. ____________ is the excess flow of water.
Famine Mineral Sewage Oxygenation
Disposal of waste water Waste water Flood
Waste water is impure water and thus is polluted.
Sewage water carries microbes that spread diseases.
Waste water from industries can also be poisonous. If
we mix this waste water into our water sources like
oceans, rivers, and seas, then it will be a big problem for
us. 59
 www.pschool.in/water-5

Match the babies Heating a liquid until it becomes gas is called boiling.
Boiling the water means to heat the water until it
Mineral water Impure water becomes gas and mixes with the air.
Sewage Excess water
Famine General store Boiling Point
Flood Waste water The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at
Pollution Scarcity which the liquid boils. At this temperature, the liquid
changes into gas.
Classify the below sentences as true and false
1. Waste water is directly disposed into rivers and seas. Benefits of boiling water
1. Destroys germs
2. Improves digestion
2. We must not waste water at any cost. 3. Prevents us from the infection of waterborne
3. Water pollution refers to the purification of water. diseases
4. Famine is a natural disaster.
5. We should ignore the manufcture and expiry date in Steaming
mineral water bottles. Idli is cooked by the method called Steaming. Idli
6. We cannot consume polluted water. batter produced from rice and lentils is fermented for 8
7. Droughts lead to scarcity of water. hours before use.

Everyday Science Advantages of Steaming

1. Easy cooking method.
Science in Kitchen 2. Steamed food is easily digested.
Science is the study of the natural world around us. We 3. Steamed food retains Vitamin C and E.
learn science by observing, experimenting and
describing. Science is all around us. Pressure cooking
Examples of science can be observed from the time Cooking food using water in a sealed vessel (cooker) is
we wake up till we go to sleep and even while one is called pressure cooking. It can cook foods four times
sleeping. faster than ordinary cooking. The advantages of
Science influences most aspects of everyday life, pressure cooking are:
including food, energy, medicine, transportation and 1. It saves time
leisure activities. 2. It minimizes the usage of fuel and saves energy
Even in our sleep our body is working continuously. We 3. It retains nutrients in food
dream while we sleep.
When we eat food, our digestive system is at work. Home appliances
Medicine, vessels and furniture we use are the Things like electric bulb and fan are called home
products of science. appliances. It is not easy to run our life these days
without home appliances. Home appliances are
Kitchen Science machines that make life easier and convenient.
If one wants to explore science in everyday life, then
kitchen is the right place to start. To understand how Kitchen appliances
water boils or how idlis are cooked, we must know 1. Gas stove is used to cook food. We can control heat
science. by a knob.
2. Grinder is used to grind food grains and prepare
What is boiling? batter.

60
 www.pschool.in/everyday-science-3

3. Mixer is used to grind spices, make chutney and

prepare juices. Multiple Choice Questions
4. Vegetable cutter is used to chop vegetables. 1. Which of the following are the benefits of boiling
5. Kettle is used to boil water and heat tea or coffee. water?
6. Induction Stove is used as a substitute to stove and a. Destroys germs
works on electricity. b. Improves digestion
A Refrigerator (Fridge) is a popular home appliance for c. Prevents us from the infection of waterborne
preserving food. It works on the principle of cooling. diseases
The fridge has a pump that transfers heat from the
inside of the fridge to its outside. This helps it to keep 2. Idly is prepared by the process of ______.
things cold. The cold temperature inside the fridge a. pressure cooking
slows down the bacterial growth in food and thus b. steaming
preserves the food for a longer time. c. boiling

Safety Measures 3. Which of the following is not a home appliance?

1. Never play with kitchen utensils such as knives, a. Shoes
match boxes and glasswares. b. Fan
2. Use a cloth to hold hot pans. c. Grinder
3. Inform an adult in case you smell cooking gas d. Stove
leakage.
4. Turn off the gas stove, microwave oven and any 4. Which of the following is safe to play with?
other electrical gadget immediately after use. a. Kettle
b. Match box
Medicine in the kitchen c. Plate
In the past times, kitchen medicine was practiced in d. Gas stove
every house. People knew how to treat some of the
ailments of the family members and manage 5. Medicine for common illness can be found in ______.
emergencies with what was available in the kitchen. a. kitchen
Garlic is called the poor man's antibiotic. It helps to b. dining room
balance blood pressure and reduces symptoms of c. living room
common cold. d. bedroom
Asafoetida improves digestion. It is used as a remedy
for diarrhoea and dysentery. 6. ______ is called the poor man's antibiotic.
Ginger helps to improve digestion. It also reduces a. Garlic
nausea. b. Ginger
Turmeric is a common anti-infectant and it helps to c. Turmeric
heal wounds.
Black Pepper is a great remedy for colds, coughs. Odd one out
Cloves helps to relieve toothache. 1. Gas Stove, Kettle, Fridge, Mixer
2. Idli, Tea, Juice, Coffee
Preparation of coriander tea 3. Cough, Sleep, Cold, Fever
This is made from coriander seed powder. One 4. Vegetable cutter, Induction Stove, Kettle
tablespoon of powder is mixed to two or three cups of 5. Pan, Fork, Spoon, Ladle
water. Jaggery is added and they are boiled for 5
minutes. It improves digestion.
61
 www.pschool.in/everyday-science-3

Match the following Examples: Laptop, Phone, Camera, Pen drive, Speaker

Grinder Electricity Smart Phones

Mixer Batter Apart from communication, smart phones have the
Kettle Store Vegetables ability to access the internet and store files, take photos,
Induction Stove Juice track location and much more.
Fridge Boil water
Portable Music Player
Classify the below sentences as true and false It stores and plays thousands of songs. We can listen
1. Cooking involves lot of science. to songs anywhere, anytime.
2. Kids can play with match boxes.
3. We can use the induction stove, even without Tablets
electricity. People use tablets to read books, play games and
4. Kitchen has medicine to some of the common watch videos.
illness.
5. In modern days, it is possible to live without Pen Drive
appliances. It is a small gadget used for storing and transferring
6. The cold temperature inside the fridge slows down any type of file in / from a computer.
the bacterial growth in food and thus preserves the food
for a longer time. Electric Torch
7. We keep vegetables in fridge to protect from insects Portable hand-held electric light. Torch is used to
like cockroach. provide light in the dark places when it is switched on.
There are many advantages in using gadgets. But too
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. much of anything is not good. As responsible kids, we
1. Science is the study of the _______ world around us. should put a time limit on using gadgets.
2. A refrigerator is also known _______ . It works on the Watching the screen of mobile or TV for long hours will
principle of _______ affect our eye sight. It also makes us lazy and we get
3. Kids should never play with _______ . diseases like obesity.
4. Heating a liquid unit becomes gas is called _______ . In the previous generation, there was no gadgets like
knives cooling fridge boiling natural smart phone and tablets. Children used to play outdoor
games which involves lot of running and exercises.
Match the following Keeping this in mind, kids should play lot of outdoor
games, rather than playing video games.
Asafoetida Blood Pressure
Garlic toothache Internet
Turmeric Digestion Internet allows us to connect with anyone in the world
Black Pepper Wounds present in different places. Students can attend online
Cloves Cough classes only because of the internet.

Everyday Science
Gadgets
A gadget is a small electronic machine or device which
does something useful. Number of gadgets have
changed our lives. They make our life enjoyable.

62
 www.pschool.in/everyday-science-4

Match the following Click the blanks and fill it with the right word.
1. A gadget is a small ___________ (electronic, electric)
Music Player Communication machine.
Smart Phone Stores Data 2. _________ (Pen drive, Mouse) is used to store files.
Electric Torch Read books 3. Watching the ______ (screen, camera) of mobile for a
Pen drive Songs long hours will affect our eye-sight.
Tablet Light 4. In the ________ (previous, current) generation, there
was not many gadgets.
Multiple Choice Questions 5. ________ (Internet, Websites) connects the world.
1. What is essential for the the working of gadgets?
a. Electricity Everyday Science
b. Sun light
c. Clean house Reversible Changes
Change is the transition of a substance from one form

2. What do we use while going to unfamiliar places? to another. We see many changes around us. We see

a. Youtube changes like day and night, summer and winter and so

b. Facebook on. We also see changes in objects. Growth of a tree,

c. Google Map ripening of fruits, falling of leaves are some of the

changes taking place around us. You can observe

3. What is the best habit to have for kids? changes in you also. Your height and weight increase,

a. Have a time limit for using gadgets hair and nail grow and you have grown up as a whole

b. Avoid using gadgets compared to last year. These changes can be classified

c. Watch videos but don't play games. as reversible and irreversible changes.

4. What is the most important requirement for Reversible Changes

attending online class? Changes which can be reversed are called reversible

a. Internet changes. If you keep water in the freezer for some time,

b. Mic it is tranformed into ice. If it is taken out, it becomes

c. Camera water again. This is a reversible change.

5. Which is the best gadget for reading books? Irreversible Changes

a. Music Player Changes which cannot be reversed are called

b. Smart watch irreversible changes. If you burn a piece of paper it

c. Pen drive burns and turns into ash. It cannot become paper again.

d. Tablet This is an irreversible change.

Irreversible changes are also known as permanent
changes. Processes like burning, cooking, rusting of

Find the word. iron cause permanent changes.

1. T P A P L O : The chemical properties of the substance do not

2. R E A M A C : change in reversible changes. On the other hand, the

3. A S M T R : chemical properties of the substance will change in

4. E N H P O : irreversible change.

5. P E R E S K A :
Wastes Generated in our Environment
Waste is any substance which is discarded after
63
 www.pschool.in/everyday-science-5

primary use. It is worthless, defective and of no use. 5. Don’t waste food. Waste food in schools can be
They are unwanted and undesirable materials. collected and used to feed cattles.
Wastes from home is known as household waste and 6. Organic wastes can be converted into manures.
they are classified as below
Pick the odd one out
Organic wastes: 1. Cooking, Melting, Freezing, Boiling
Kitchen wastes, Vegetables, Flowers, Leaves, Fruits 2. Rusting of iron, Burning, Cooking, Boiling
3. Fruits, Vegetables, Chemicals, Flowers
Toxic wastes: 4. Paper, Metals, Paints, Glass
Old medicines, Paints, Chemicals, Bulbs, Spray cans,
Fertilizers, Pesticide, containers, Batteries, Shoe polish. Classify the below, as reversible or irreversible
process.
Recyclable wastes: 1. Freezing water in a fridge.
Paper, Glass, Metals, Plastics. 2. Stretching a rubber band.
3. Bursting a balloon.
E-wastes: 4. Burning of papers
Computer parts, Electronic materials, Cell phone parts, 5. Blowing air into a balloon.
CFL bulbs. 6. Cutting a rubber band into pieces.
Waste management is needed for the following
reasons. Match the following

To control pollution Used Mobile organic

Various pollutions like water pollution, air pollution and Vegetable waste reversible
soil pollution can be avoided. Paper irreversible
Rusting e-waste
To conserve natural resources Freezing recyclable
Waste disposal is important for the conservation of our
environmental resources like forest, minerals and water. Multiple Choice Questions
1. An example for reversible change is ________.
To control spread of diseases a. melting of ice
Spread of infectious diseases can be controlled. b. change of milk into curd
c. burning paper
Recycle for further use d. burst of balloon
Wastes can be recycled to get products for further
use. 2. Chemical reactions are example for
We need to learn how to reduce, reuse and recycle a. both of them
wastes. The following practices will be helpful to reduce b. reversible change
wastes in our home and school environment. c. irreversible change
1. Use reusable and recyclable bags and containers. d. none of them
2. Avoid one time use items and use items which can
be used repeatedly.
3. Segregate wastes into bio-degradable and
nonbiodegradable items.
4. Do not throw away your wastes every where. Put
them in dustbins and dispose them properly.

64
 www.pschool.in/everyday-science-5

3. Which of the following is not an organic waste? Air has weight

a. Flowers Take two balloons. Fill air in one balloon and keep the
b. Battery other balloon as it is. Make a measuring tool using a
c. Vegetables stick and tie the balloons on both the ends. Balloon
d. Fruits filled with air is heavier than the empty balloon.
Light an incense stick in the corner of the classroom
4. ________ wastes can be converted into manures. and observe. The smoke of the incense stick moves
a. organic everywhere. The air pushes the smoke.
b. recyclable e-waste See the clouds in the sky that moves everywhere.
c. toxic Clouds move because of the movement of air.
Electricity is generated from wind with the help of the
5. Which of the following help to reduce waste? windmills.
a. Use reusable bags Can you remove a small plastic ball from a glass
b. Don't waste food vessel without physically touching it? Yes, you can. If
c. Segregate wastes into bio-degradable and you blow towards one wall of the glass very hard and
nonbiodegradable items the ball will be ejected out of the glass.
Take a plastic bottle and fit a soggy newspaper pellet
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. tightly in its mouth. On pressing the bottle, the pellet will
1. Most of the physical changes are _____________ come out with a loud POP sound.
changes. Make a paper plane with waste paper and fly it in the
2. Most of the chemical changes are _____________ air.
changes. Light a candle and place it on a table. Now cover the
3. Wastes from house and apartments are called lightning candle with a glass jar. Observe what
_____________ wastes. happens? The light will go off. Air is required for
4. News paper is a _____________ waste. burning.
5. Kitchen wastes are _____________ waste. All living things need air for their survival. Plants
irreversible recyclable reversible breathe through leaves and fish breathe through gills.
organic household Humans breathe in and breathe out through lungs.
Inhalation is the process of taking the air inside and

Air exhalation is the process of releasing the air outside.

This cyclical process of inhalation and exhalation is
Air - Introduction called breathing. We take oxygen and release carbon
Air is a natural resource. We cannot live without it. It is dioxide gas while breathing.
present around us. It has no definite shape and colour. Why the doctor checks your pulse when you are sick
Air has weight and it occupies space. We cannot see air and ask you to breathe in and breathe out? When we
but it can be felt. Air can flow everywhere. breathe-in our chest raises up and when we breathe-out
Push an empty cup upside down into the water. Slowly it lowers down.
turn the cup. You can see air bubbles coming out of the Take some sand in your hand and release the sand. It
cup. falls in the direction of the wind. Moving air is called
Tie a balloon to the mouth of a bottle. Keep the bottle wind. It moves across the surface of the Earth. Based
in a vessel containing hot water. Observe it for some on the speed of air, wind can be classified as breeze,
time. The balloon expands. Why? Due to the heat of the storm and gale.
water in the vessel, air inside the bottle becomes hot. Speed of the wind is measured using an instrument
Hot air fills the balloon. Therefore the balloon expands. called ‘Anemometer’.

65
 www.pschool.in/air-3

Breeze Match
A gentle wind is called breeze. Sea breeze and land
breeze are the two types of breeze. breathing Breeze
windmill Storm
Sea breeze Gentle wind electricity
The breeze that blows from the sea towards the land Strong wind Anemometer
during day time is known as sea breeze. As the warm air wind speed lungs
from the land rises up and the cold air from the sea
occupies the space over the land. True or False
1. Air occupies space but has no weight.
Land breeze 2. We release oxygen during breathing.
The breeze that blows from the land towards the sea 3. Clouds move because of the movement of air.
during night time is known as land breeze. The warm air 4. Air has definite shape.
from the sea rises up, and so the cold air from the land 5. A very strong wind is called gale.
moves towards the sea. 6. Air fills the empty space.
7. Air is colourless.
Storm
Strong wind is called storm. Sometimes storm can Multiple Choice Questions
uproot trees and can destroy the crops. 1. Which of the following is required for good health?
a. Dust
Gale b. Smoke
A very strong wind is called gale. Gale is stronger than c. Clean air
storm.
2. Air has ______.
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. a. weight
1. We inhale _______________ and exhale b. shape
_______________ . This cyclical process of inhalation and c. color
exhalation is called _______________ .
2. The air present in Earth, is majorly made up of 3. ______ is used to measure the speed of wind.
_______________ . a. Thermometer
3. Air has _______________ but it doesn't have b. Speedometer
_______________ . c. Anemometer
carbon-dioxide shape weight oxygen
breathing nitrogen 4. We inhale ______.
a. carbon dioxide
Pick the odd one out. b. nitrogen
1. storm, wind, water c. oxygen
2. balloon, stone, kite
3. cough, inhale, exhale 5. Very strong wind is called _______.
4. day, cloud, night a. gale
5. heart, lungs, nose b. storm
c. breeze

66
 www.pschool.in/air-3

6. Clouds move because of movement of _________. 4. The process by which we breathe continuously is
a. air called ________.
b. sun R __ __ P __ R __ __ __ O __
c. moon

Air
Our Need for Air
Air is all around us, even though we cannot see it. But Atmosphere

we are able to feel air. Air does not have colour, smell, or The earth we live on is round in shape. There exist a

taste. blanket of air surrounding the earth. This blanket of air

We need air to breathe. Inhalation and exhalation are is known as atmosphere. The atmosphere is as high as

together called breathing. We breathe continuously and 50km.

this process is called respiration. As we go farther from the earth, the layer of air

We need air for our body to function properly. It also becomes thin. The air at greater heights is rarer and the

makes us feel fresh and lively. We require air to produce layers of air are also not held close together.

the energy that we need to do all our works. Air plays a role in burning. The component of air that
helps in burning is a gas called oxygen. Oxygen is also

Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. used for respiration by us. Another component of air is

1. As _________ goes on continuously, a sleeping man’s carbon dioxide which is used by plants to make food.

chest can be seen going up and down. However, the largest component in air is nitrogen. Air

2. There is _________ all around us. has several gases mixed in it therefore, air is called a

3. Like us, all living things _________ air. mixture of gases.

4. We can _________ air although we cannot _________ Some fuels like coal, petrol and diesel give out smoke

it. while burning. This mixes with air and pollutes it.

5. Air does not have _________ , smell or taste.

need feel air colour breathing see Match the following

Classify the below sentences as true and false Nitrogen 0.07%

1. Air makes us feel dull. Oxygen small quantities

Argon 21%
2. Air does not have smell or taste.
Carbon dioxide 78%
3. Air is colourless.
Other gases 0.03%
4. We do not require air to function properly.
5. Air is all around us.
6. We cannot see air. Click the blanks and fill it with the right word.

7. We can feel air. 1. About ____ (78%, 97%) of air is made up of nitrogen.
2. About ____ (21%, 50%) of air is made up of oxygen.

Complete Word - Breathing 3. As we go higher from the surface of the earth, the air

1. The process by which we breathe in air through our in the atmosphere becomes ______ (rarer, denser).

nose. 4. _______________ (Oxygen, carbon dioxide) is required

I __ H __ __ A __ I __ __ for burning.

2. The process by which we breathe out air through 5. Plants use _______________ (carbon dioxide, oxygen)

the nose. to make food.

E __ H __ __ A __ I __ __ 6. The fizzy bubbles in soft drinks are due to the

3. Inhalation and exhalation are together called presence of _______________ (carbon dioxide, nitrogen).

________.
B __ __ __ T __ __ __ G
67
 www.pschool.in/air-4

Classify the below sentences as true and false 2. As we go farther from the earth, the layers of air
1. We inhale carbon dioxide. become ________.
2. Plants need carbon dioxide to prepare food. a. thinner
3. We exhale oxygen. b. lighter
4. At heights air is denser. c. thicker
5. Burning fossil fuels pollutes the air.
6. Oxygen is required to produce energy to do work. 3. The gas that fizzes out of soda-water is _________.
a. carbon dioxide
Odd one out b. nitrogen
1. stratosphere, atmosphere, biosphere c. oxygen
2. xenon, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide
4. Water is present in air in the form of a ______.
Complete Word a. gas
1. Burning of fossil fuels release smoke, which may b. vapour
lead to ___________. c. liquid
A __ __ P __ __ __ U __ __ O __
2. Layer of atmosphere that protects us from UV rays The composition of Air
is called __________.
__ Z __ N __ Importance of air.
3. The largest component of air is ___________. 1. Oxygen present in air is needed for respiration.
N __ __ __ O __ __ N 2. We can speak and hear the sound only when there is
4. _____ is a mixture of several gases. air around.
__ I __ 3. Air helps in the dispersal of seeds for plant
reproduction.
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. 4. Monsoon and rain occurs due to the wind action.
1. The layers of air in the atmosphere close to the earth 5. Air regulates the atmospheric temperature.
are pressed ______ to each other while the upper layers The properties of all the gases present in Air.
are rarer.
2. There is ______ even in an empty container. Nitrogen
3. The air at a greater height from the earth is ______ 1. It is used to fill up food packages to extend their
than the air nearer to the earth. shelf life.
4. If all the air were divided into five parts, the oxygen in 2. Liquid nitrogen is used to store living cells.
the air would equal to ______ part. 3. Plants need nitrogen for their growth.
5. There is air till a height of about ______ km from the 4. We can see root nodules containing nitrogen in
earth. some plants.
closer air rarer one 50 5. Nowadays people use nitrogen gas to fill the tires of
their vehicles.
Multiple Choice Questions 6. Some compounds of nitrogen are used as
1. Air is _________ than water explosives also.
a. lighter
b. heavier Oxygen
c. rarer 1. The presence of oxygen can be tested with a piece
d. denser of glowing splint, which relights in oxygen.
2. All living things use oxygen for breathing.
3. Oxygen is essential for burning.

68
 www.pschool.in/air-4

4. Oxygen cylinders are used in hospitals to enable the mixing with air.
patients to breathe when they cannot breathe normally. 3. Smoke emission test and certification of motor
5. Oxygen is used in gas welding. vehicles must be enforced.
6. Mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders at high 4. More trees should be planted to absorb carbon
altitudes. dioxide.
7. Deep sea divers also carry oxygen cylinders along Alternative source of energy are Solar Power, Nuclear
with them while diving deep into the sea. Power, Hydroelectric Energy, Wave Energy, Biofuels,
Natural Gas, Geothermal Power, Wind Energy, Biomass
Carbon dioxide Energy, Tidal Energy and Hydrogen Gas.
1. The presesnce of carbon dioxide can be tested with
help of lime water. The lime water changes from Click the blanks and fill it with the right word.
colourless to milky in presence of carbon dioxide. 1. Clay pot has thousands of tiny pores through which
2. Carbon dioxide helps plants in photosynthesis. water seeps out. This causes _______ (cooling, heating)
3. It is used in fire extinguishers. effect.
4. It is used in refrigerators as dry ice for cooling 2. The _____ (flute, piano) is an example for wind
purposes. instrument.
5. It is used to make plastics and polymers. 3. In 1772, the Scottish chemist, Daniel Rutherford,
reported noxious air, which now we call ________
Air pollution (nitrogen, oxygen).
4. A grown up tree intakes ____ (1/3, 2/3) of carbon
Air pollution dioxide exhaled by one person and it gives out the same
The atmospheric balance is disturbed by human amount of _______________ (oxygen, carbon dioxide)
activities The air carries soot, smoke, and other required by a person.
particles from car exhaust and power plants. These are 5. _____ (Three, Five) trees are needed to fulfill the
the major contributors to air pollution. required oxygen for a man to survive.

Adverse effects of air pollution Classify the below sentences as true and false
1. Global warming 1. Carbonated drinks are bad to health.
2. Formation of smog 2. The gas used for burning things is Argon.
3. Acid rain 3. Plants need nitrogen for their growth.
4. Aerosol formation 4. Air pollution has good impact on human health.
5. Depletion of ozone 5. Covering our mouth and nose while sneezing or
coughing prevents spreading of germs through air to
Effects of air pollution on human beings people around us.
1. Irritation in the eyes, nose and throat 6. The Scottish chemist Joseph Black discovered that
2. Wheezing, coughing and breathing problems carbon dioxide is present in air.
3. Respiratory diseases 7. Air is made up of oxygen only.
4. Cardiovascular damage.
5. Fatigue, headaches and anxiety. Complete Word - Air Composition
6. Nervous system damage. 1. It gives you oxygen.
T __ __ E
Steps to check air pollution 2. Melting of snow caps and increase in sea levels due
1. Alternative source of energy (E.g. Solar energy) to ____________________.
should be used. G __ __ __ A __ W __ __ M __ __ __
2. Air filters should be used to prevent harmful gases
69
 www.pschool.in/air-4

3. Dust particles and smoke combine with fog in the 5. _________ can be tested with lime water.
presence of sunlight to form _______. a. Nitrogen
S __ __ G b. Oxygen
4. Liquid or solid particles are dispersed in air are c. Carbon dioxide
called __________.
A __ R __ S __ L 6. We can speak and hear the sound only when there is
5. Hydrocarbons such as the Chloro Fluoro Carbons ____ around.
(CFCs) destroy the _______ layer. a. air
O __ O __ __ __ b. water
c. light
Match the following
7. __________ is used to make plastics and polymers.
Smog Alternative source a. Carbon dioxide
Lung cancer Air b. Oxygen
Balloon Smoke and fog c. Nitrogen
Solar Air pollution
8. Air regulates the atmospheric ______________.
Multiple Choice Questions a. pressure
1. The Scottish chemist Joseph Black discovered that b. balance
___________ is present in air. c. temperature
a. oxygen
b. carbon dioxide 9. __________ cylinders are used in hospitals to enable
c. nitrogen the patients to breathe when they cannot breathe
normally.
2. _________ radiation harms wildlife, damages plants a. Carbon dioxide
and causes skin cancer in humans. b. Nitrogen
a. IR c. Oxygen
b. UV
c. X ray 10. We can speak and hear the sound only when there
is ____ around.
3. ________ present in air is needed for respiration a. air
a. nitrogen b. water
b. Oxygen c. light
c. carbon dioxide
11. While ________ with firewood, fanning air helps in
4. Monsoon and rain occurs due to the ______ action. burning of fire wood.
a. storm a. burning
b. wind b. heating
c. breeze c. cooking
d. gale
12. _________ is used to fill up food packages to extend
their shelf life.
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Oxygen
c. Nitrogen

70
 www.pschool.in/air-4

oxygen and produce energy.

13. ___________ is used in fire extinguishers.
a. nitrogen Match the following
b. oxygen
c. carbon dioxide Troposphere satellite
Stratosphere outermost layer
meteors
Air-5 Exosphere
Thermosphere ozone
Air Mesosphere weather change

Atmosphere Multiple Choice Questions

Atmosphere is the layer of gas that surrounds Earth. 1. Second highest layer of Earth’s atmosphere is
Atmosphere is divided into five different layers: ____________.
1. Troposphere: It is the lowest and densest layer. It a. mesosphere
extends up to 10km from sea. b. exosphere
2. Stratosphere: It is the region above troposphere. It c. thermosphere
extends up to 50km. There is no water vapour in this d. stratosphere
layer. The temperature is around -500C.
3. Mesosphere: It is the region above stratosphere. It 2. The ____________ layer protects us from the harmful
extends to a height of about 85km. The temperature is UV rays coming from the sun.
around -1100C. Most of the meteors burn in this layer. a. atmosphere
4. Thermosphere: It is very rare layer of air above b. ozone
mesosphere. c. mesosphere
5. Exosphere: It is the outermost layer with extremely
thin air. It extends up to 400 to 1500km. 3. ____________ is used by plants as nitrates.
a. nitrite
Importance of Air b. ammonia
1. All living organisms require air. c. nitrogen
2. It regulates the water cycle.
3. Air supplies energy. 4. Movement of air is called __________.
4. Sound travels through air. a. wind
5. Plants require air to grow. b. breeze
6. Helps in transport. c. gale
7. Produce wind energy.
8. Help in movement of parachutes and hot air 5. ___________ is the recreational and competitive
balloons. adventure sport of flying.
a. hand gliding
Classify the below sentences as true and false b. surfing
1. Plants absorb nitrogen in the form of ammonia. c. paragliding
2. Spacecrafts are seen in thermosphere.
3. Exosphere is nearest to earth. 6. Process of nitrogen fixation by ________ is called
4. Ultraviolet rays can cause damage to our skin and nitrogen fixation.
eyes. a. earthworm
5. Movement of clouds is possible due to air. b. plants
6. Body cells burn the food molecules with the help of c. microbes
71
 www.pschool.in/air-5

yellow) marbles.
7. Sound travel through ______. 5. Air pollutants cause pneumonia and ______ (asthma,
a. air cold) in children.
b. land 6. The growth of _____ (green, red) algae in water
c. water bodies is called eutrophication.

Air Pollution Classify the below sentences as cause and effect of

air pollution
Air Pollution 1. Depletion of ozone layer
Presence of harmful substances in air have an 2. Global warming
adverse effect on living beings and environment. This is 3. Acid rain
called air pollution. 4. Adverse effect on marine life
5. Industries
Causes: 6. Burning of fossil fuels
1. Industries 7. Use of chemical for cleaning
2. Burning of fossil fuels 8. Agricultural activities like use of pesticides
3. Agricultural activities like use of pesticides 9. Adverse effect on wildlife
4. Mining 10. Mining
5. Use of chemical for cleaning 11. Spread of diseases

Effects: Classify the following based on whether it is natural

1. Spread of diseases or man-made pollution
2. Global warming volcanic eruption, lightning, industrial waste, mining,
3. Acid rain burning coal, storm
4. Depletion of ozone layer Natural Man-made
5. Adverse effect on marine life
6. Adverse effect on wildlife

Prevention:
1. Use public transport
2. Reduce usage of fossil fuels
3. Use renewable energy sources
4. Recycle and reuse
5. Switch off appliances after using them Airborne Diseases
6. Plant more trees
Airborne Diseases
Click the blanks and fill it with the right word. Diseases which are caused by microorganisms and
1. Combustion of fossil fuels like coal and petroleum communicated through air are called airborne diseases.
release ________________ (sulphur dioxide, carbon Air borne disease can be further classified into two.
dioxide) 1. Bacterial diseases: Diphtheria, Whooping Cough and
2. Air pollution can be natural or ___________ (man- Tuberclosis are some of the common airborne diseases
made, industrial). caused by bacteria.
3. Extraction of ________ (minerals, salts) from the 2. Viral diseases: Common cold, influenza, measles,
earth is called mining. mumps and chickenpox are some of the diseases
4. Taj Mahal in Agra is built entirely with ______ (white, caused by virus.

72
 www.pschool.in/air-5

Prevention: Atmosphere
1. Avoid close contact with people who have active
symptoms of disease. Important terms
2. Maintain personal hygiene. 1. Lithosphere: land on Earth.
3. Keep the patient in complete isolation. Cover nose 2. Atmosphere: air on Earth.
and mouth while sneezing or coughing. 3. Hydrosphere: water on Earth.
4. Avoid touching the face or other people with 4. Biosphere: life on Earth.
unwashed hands. 5. Weather: day to day conditions of atmosphere.
5. Wash your hands thoroughly. 6. Climate: average weather for a given period of time.
6. Timely vaccination can prevent the diseases. 7. Solar radiation: heat energy from sun.
8. Meteorology: study of weather.
Find the causative organism 9. Latitude: an imaginary line drawn horizontally on
1. The causative organism of Common cold is Earth’s surface.
____________. 10. Longitude: semicircle extending from North pole to
R __ __ __ O V __ __ U __ South pole.
2. The causative organism of Influenza is 11. Prime meridian: 0 degree longitude
____________. 12. IST: Indian Standard Time.
M __ __ O V __ __ U __ 13. Rain water harvesting: technique of collection and
3. The causative organism of Measles is ____________. storage of rain water.
R __ __ E __ __ A V __ __ U __
4. The causative organism of Chicken pox is Important Dates
____________. 1. World Environment Day - June 5
V A __ __ __ __ L __ __ Z __ __ S 2. World Ozone Day - September 16
__ __ __ 3. World Weather Day - March 23
5. The causative organism of Tuberculosis is
____________. Effects of solar radiation
M __ __ __ B __ C __ __ R __ __ M 1. Land - conduction
6. The causative organism of Diptheria is ____________. 2. Water - convection
C __ __ __ __ B __ __ T __ __ I __ __ 3. Atmosphere terrestrial radiation
7. The causative organism of Whooping cough is
____________. Important Latitudes
B __ __ D __ __ A __ __ A P __ __ T 1. Equator - 0 degree
__ __ I __ 2. Tropic of Cancer - 23(1/2) degree North
3. Tropic of Capricorn - 23(1/2) degree South
Classify the diseases based on causative organism. 4. Arctic circle - 66(1/2) degree North
mumps, measles, tuberculosis, diptheria, influenza 5. Antarctic circle - 66(1/2) degree South
Bacteria Virus
Heat zones of Earth
1. Torrid zone: zone between Tropic of Cancer and
Tropic of Capricorn.
2. Temperate zone: receives slanting rays of sun.
3. Frigid zone: do not get sun’s rays.

Important Mountain peaks

73
 www.pschool.in/air-5

1. Mount Everest Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
2. K2 1. ________________ is the average weather for a given
3. Kanchenjunga period of time.
4. Nanga Parbat 2. ________________ is the heat energy from sun.
5. Annapurna 3. ________________ is the study of weather.
4. ________________ is an imaginary line drawn
Instrument horizontally on Earth’s surface.
1. Barometer: used to measure pressure. 5. ________________ is a semicircle extending from
2. Wind vane: used to measure direction of wind. North pole to South pole.
3. Anemometer: used to measure speed of wind. Meteorology Longitude Solar radiation
Climate Latitude
Types of wind
1. Planetray wind Classify the below sentences as true and false
2. Monsoon wind 1. The natural materials and living things, including
3. Sea breeze sunlight are called environment.
4. Land breeze 2. Monsoon winds move in the same direction
5. Local wind throughout the year with the rotation of the Earth.
6. Jet streams 3. Air currents in the upper layers of atmosphere is
7. Hurricane known as Jet streams.
4. Land breeze blows from sea to land during the
Types of clouds: evening.
1. Cirrus cloud: These may not give rain. They are seen 5. Sea breeze blows from land to sea in the morning.
at very high altitudes. 6. Rain water must be saved and not be wasted.
2. Stratus cloud: They are grey in colour and are 7. Condensation of the wind causes rain fall.
spreadout. They may give small shower.
3. Cumulus cloud: It looks like a burst cotton and gives Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
convectional rain fall. These clouds are associated with 1. ___________ is used to measure pressure.
rainfall lightning and thunder. 2. ___________ is used to measure direction of wind.
4. Nimbus cloud: It appears as dark or grey in color. It 3. ___________ is used to measure speed of wind.
gives heavy rainfall. It is called vertical or rain clouds. Barometer Wind vane Anemometer

Complete Word-1 Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
1. ___________ is the land on Earth. 1. Technique of collection and storage of rain water is
L __ __ __ O __ __ E __ R __ called _______________________
2. ___________ is the air on Earth. 2. Zone between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of
A T __ __ __ P __ __ R __ Capricorn is called _______________________
3. ___________ is the water on Earth. 3. The area that receives slanting rays of sun is called
H __ __ __ __ S __ __ __ R __ _______________________
4. ___________ is the life on Earth. 4. The zone that do not get sun’s rays is called
B __ __ S __ __ __ R __ _______________________
5. ___________ is the day to day conditions of Rain water harvesting Torrid zone Temperate
atmosphere. zone Frigid zone
W __ __ T __ E __

74
 www.pschool.in/air-5

Match the following 5. _______________ is used to measure pressure in the

air.
Cirrus clouds vertical cloud a. Barometer
Stratus clouds do not rain b. Thermometer
Cumulus clouds small shower c. Anemometer
Nimbus clouds burst cotton d. Wind vane

Click the blanks and fill it with the right word. 6. Monsoon is derived from the ____________ word.
1. The equator is seen at ____ (0, 2) degree. a. English
2. Tropic of Cancer is at 23(1/2) degree ____ (N, S). b. Arabian
3. Tropic of Capricorn is at 23(1/2) degree ____ (S, N). c. Latin
4. _________ (Arctic, Antarctic) circle lies at 66(1/2)
degree N. 7. Vertical cloud is called ___________.
5. _________ (Antarctic, Artic) circle lies at 66(1/2) a. Nimbus clouds
degree S. b. Cirrus cloud
6. 0 degree longitude is called as Prime ________ c. Stratus clouds
(meridian, median). d. Cumulus clouds
7. IST stands for ______ (Indian, India) Standard Time.

Humanbody-3
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The atmosphere is divided into ___________ layers. Sense Organs

a. 4 It is very interesting to learn about our human body. We

b. 7 learn about our body and the external world through our

c. 5 sense organs. Sense organs help us to observe and

understand the world around us. We have five sense

2. The world weather day is on march ____. organs.

a. 25
b. 24 Eyes

c. 23 They help us to see the things around us. Eye is the

most important sense organ as we learn lot of things

3. The Indian Standard Meridian passes through the through seeing. We can see and tell different colors with

city of ___________. the help of eyes. We cannot do most of our works with

a. Secunderbad closed eyes.

b. Hyderabad
c. Ahmedabad Ears

d. Allahabad We are able to hear the sounds around us with the help
of ears. If we close our ears, we can realize that volume

4. Zone located in between Tropic of cancer and Tropic of music or noise will be reduced.

of Capricorn is ________ zone.

a. Torrid Nose

b. Temperate Nose helps us to breathe. Apart from that, they also

c. Subtropical help us to smell our surroundings. Nice food smell

increases our appetite. We detect rotten food by its
smell. Animals like dog have better smelling ability than
us.
75
 www.pschool.in/humanbody-3

5. Which organ helps in detecting temperature?

Tongue a. ears
Tongue helps our to enjoy our food. It helps us in b. eyes
detecting different tastes like sweet, salty, bitter or sour. c. nose
d. skin
Skin
Skin is the largest organ as it is located throughout our Internal and External Organs
body. Through skin we experience pain, temperature, A part of the body that is used to perform a certain
pressure etc. And these help us to protect ourself from function is called an organ. We use our legs to walk.
danger. Hence, our legs are our organs for walking. We use our
ears for hearing. Hence, our ears are the organs for
Multiple Choice Question hearing.
1. We get to know about the external world through our
_____. External Organs
a. sense organs Organs on the outside of our body are external organs.
b. eyes They can be easily seen. eg: ears, nose, legs
c. brain
d. ears Internal Organs
Organs that are situated inside the body are called
2. Which is considered as the most important sense internal organs. It cannot be seen by our eyes.
organ? Many functions go on inside our body. A network of
a. eyes blood vessels is spread throughout the body. Blood
b. skin flows through them continuously. The air we breathe in
c. ears is carried to all parts of the body through the blood. The
d. nose food that we eat is digested. These functions are
e. tongue carried out by different organs called internal organs.

3. What is the largest organ? Classify External and Internal Organs.

a. brain eye, nose, liver, kidney, heart, lungs, fingers, brain, ears,
b. stomach skin
c. skin External Internal
d. tongue

4. Which organ helps in detecting whether the food is

good?
a. skin
b. eyes
c. nose
d. ears
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
1. We cannot see our ________ organs.
2. We breathe ________ through our ________ .
3. Blood ________ carry oxygen to ________ part of our
body.
4. We experience pain through our ________ .

76
 www.pschool.in/humanbody-3

internal skin vessels every nose Place your palm a little to the left of the centre of your
oxygen chest. You can feel your own heartbeat.
When it contracts the blood in the heart is pushed into
Internal Cavities the blood vessels. At every contraction, it is pushed
The important internal organs should be protected. The further and further. A contraction of the heart is called a
structure of our body is such that our internal organs ‘heartbeat’. If you place your hand on the middle of the
can remain in their places no matter how much we chest a little to the left, you can feel the throbbing of
move. They will remain in their place even while moving your heart due to the heartbeats.
fast or standing upside down. There are hollow spaces At the wrist, there is a blood vessel that flows very
for these organs inside the head and the torso. They are close to the skin. If you place your fingers there, you can
called cavities. feel the heartbeats. This is called feeling the pulse.
The cavity inside the head is called the cranial cavity.
The cavity in the torso has three parts. The cavity in the Do you know ?
chest is called the thoracic cavity. The cavity inside the When we are sleeping quietly, the pulse becomes
abdomen has two parts. They are the abdominal cavity slower. When we are running, the pulse becomes faster.
and the pelvic cavity. All the internal organs of the body
are situated in these cavities. They are situated in such Multiple Choice Questions
a way that they will not leave their places and move here 1. _______ carries oxygen to all parts of the body.
and there. a. heart
b. lungs
True or False c. blood
1. The lungs are present in pelvic cavity.
2. The important organs does not move from its 2. Heart beat can be felt at _______.
original place. a. fingers
3. All important organs are hard in nature. b. nails
4. The cavity inside the head is called the cranial cavity. c. hand
d. wrist

5. Internal cavities help in keeping the organs in its 3. Heart is present in the centre of the _________.
place. a. pelvic cavity
b. thoracic cavity
Heart c. cranial cavity
We take in air when we breathe. Our blood carries the
air to all parts of the body. The food that we eat gets 4. While sleeping, our pulse ________.
digested. It is again blood that carries the digested part a. remains the same
to every particle of the body. For these purposes, it is b. increases
necessary to keep blood flowing through the blood c. decreases
vessels that spread throughout the body. It is the
function of the heart to keep the blood flowing. 5. The size of our heart is similar to the size of our
The heart is an important internal organ. It is in the ______.
centre of the thoracic cavity, a little to its left. It is a. fist
slightly bigger than one’s fist. The walls of the heart too b. wrist
are flexible. c. elbow
1. The heart contracts : The heart becomes smaller. d. palm
2. The heart relaxes : The heart returns to its original
size. 77
 www.pschool.in/humanbody-3

Lungs A part of the body that is used for a particular purpose

When we breathe in, we take air in through the nose. is called organ. Organs are further classified as internal
The internal organs through which this air is supplied to and external organs.
the body are called lungs.
The right lung is slightly bigger than the left lung. A Body Movement
pipe-like internal organ carries the air we breathe in into 1. Neck: The neck bends forward as well as backward.
the lungs. It is called the windpipe. The windpipe It turns left or right. It also bends left or right.
separates into two branches. Each branch is called a 2. Arm: We can bend our arm at the shoulder, elbow
bronchus. When we breathe in, the lungs expand a little. and wrist. The fingers of our hands can bend too.
That is why our chest swells up when we breathe in. The 3. Waist: We can bend our torso only at the waist. We
functions of the heart and the lungs depend on each can bend forward at the waist.
other. Both these internal organs are very important. 4. Leg: Our legs can bend at the hip-joint, the knees and
They are situated in the thoracic cavity, inside a cage the ankles. Our toes too can bend, but not as much as
made of bones called the ribcage. That is why, they are our fingers.
safe and secure.
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. 1. The head is covered with ________ .
1. Our chest _________ when we _________ in. 2. Below the forehead are two ________ , with ________
2. Our heart _________ while pumping _________ . and eyelashes.
3. The doctor puts her fingers on our _________ to feel 3. On the sides are the ________ .
your _________ . 4. In front is the ________ .
breathe expands pulse contracts 5. Below the nose, is the ________ and chin.
wrist blood 6. The part that joins the head to the torso is the
________ .
Our Body ears hair nose eyes eyebrows
mouth neck
Parts of our Body
1. Head: The head is covered with hair. Below the Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
forehead are two eyes, with eyebrows and eyelashes. 1. The chest, _________ and back together make up the
On the sides are the ears. In front is the nose. Below the torso.
nose, is the mouth and chin. The part that joins the head 2. The part where the _________ is joined to the torso is
to the torso is the neck. called the _________ .
2. Torso: The chest, abdomen and back together make 3. The leg is joined to the torso at the _________ .
up the torso. The part where the arm is joined to the shoulder arm hip-joint abdomen
torso is called the shoulder. The leg is joined to the
torso at the hip-joint. Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
3. Arm: The arm has three parts – upper arm, forearm 1. The arm has three parts – upper arm, forearm and
and hand. The fingers are part of the hand. The upper _______ .
arm and forearm are joined at the elbow. The forearm 2. The _______ are part of the hand.
and hand are joined at the wrist. 3. The upper arm and forearm are joined at the
4. Leg: The leg, has three parts – thigh, shank and foot. _______ .
Toes are part of the foot. The thigh and shank are joined 4. The forearm and hand are joined at the _______ .
at the knee. The shank and foot are joined at the ankle. elbow wrist hand fingers

Organ

78
 www.pschool.in/humanbody-3

Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. 3. Some of our body parts can bend. That is why we
1. The leg has three parts – thigh, _____ and foot. are able to make ________________ .
2. _____ are part of the foot. a. movements
3. The thigh and shank are joined at the _____ . b. run
4. The shank and foot are joined at the _____ . c. sit
ankle knee Toes shank
4. No two persons are exactly __________ .
Classify the below sentences as true and false a. same
1. We can move our toes more than our fingers. b. alike
2. Neck cannot bend backward. c. different
3. We use our legs too for several purposes.
4. We can bend our torso only at the waist. Sense organs and disability
5. Ankle is a part of our hand.
6. We can bend our arm at the shoulder, elbow and Sensory Organs
wrist. Our sensory organs tell us about the situation all
around us. The eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin are our
Click the blanks and fill it with the right word. five sensory organs.
1. A part of the body that is used for a particular 1. We can see with our eyes.
purpose is called _________ (organ, body part). 2. We can hear with our ears.
2. The neck bends forward as well as _________ 3. We can smell with our nose.
(backward, rightside). 4. We taste things with our tongue.
3. We can bend our arm at the shoulder, _____ (elbow, 5. We feel things with our skin.
knee) and wrist.
4. The _______ (fingers, toes) of our hands can bend. Co-ordination
5. We can bend our torso only at the _____ (waist, When we work, we need to have co-ordination in all the
hips). tasks. Difficulties may arise due to lack of co-
6. We can bend ________ (forward, backward) at the ordination.
waist.
7. Our legs can bend at the hip-joint, the _____ (knees, Disability
elbow) and the ankles. If any organ does not function well, we may face
8. Our toes ______ (can, cannot) bend, but not as much difficulties in doing our work. We must not give up in the
as our fingers. face of difficulties. They can be overcome.

Multiple Choice Questions Overcoming Disability

1. The leg is joined to the torso at the ______________. Some disabilities can be corrected by medical
a. hip-joint treatment. In some matter, we can take the help of other
b. waist people. Often, some special devices can be used to
c. shoulder overcome the disability.
1. If we cannot see well, we can use spectacles.
2. The part that joins the foot and the ___________ is the 2. If we cannot see at all, we can make use of sounds,
ankle. or feel with our hands to get things done.
a. knee 3. A person who cannot hear well, can use a hearing
b. shank aid.
c. thigh 4. Those who cannot hear at all, can use sign
language.
79
 www.pschool.in/humanbody-3

5. If there is a defect in the leg, a special wheelchair Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
can be used. 1. We can see with our ______ .
2. We can hear with our ______ .
Click the blanks and fill it with the right word. 3. We can smell with our ______ .
1. If we cannot see well, we can use ______________ 4. We taste things with our ______ .
(spectacles, walking stick). 5. We feel things with our ______ .
2. If we cannot see at all, we can make use of ears eyes tongue skin nose
____________ (sounds, hearing aid)
3. A person who cannot hear well, can use a Multiple Choice Questions
____________ (hearing aid, translator). 1. Our eyes tell us how __________ something is.
4. Those who cannot hear at all, can use _______ (sign, a. smelly
braille) language. b. tasty
5. If there is a defect in the leg, a special c. far
_______________ (wheelchair, prosthetic leg) can be
used. 2. Our ears tell us which direction a _________ is coming
from.
Classify the below sentences as true and false a. breeze
1. Our sensory organs tell us about the situation all b. smell
around us. c. sound
2. Disabilities cannot be overcome.
3. Eyes help to smell. 3. The smell tells us that the air is _________.
4. Difficulties may arise due to lack of co-ordination. a. foul
5. Sign language is used by blind. b. harsh
6. Some disabilities can be corrected by medical c. colourless
treatment.
4. Our ________ tells us that something is hot.
Classify the sentence based on the sensory organ a. tongue
that gives you the information b. skin
1. Cuckoo is singing c. touch
2. See the sunrise.
3. There is a bump in the road. 5. Our tongue feels as if it is burning when we eat a
4. There is a rock in your path. __________ .
5. Music is loud a. chilli
6. Someone is calling out your name b. ice cream
c. mango
Classify the sentence based on the sensory organ
that gives you the information Our Teeth
1. The curry is too salty.
2. Apple is sweet. Teeth
3. Incense stick has a nice fragrance. The teeth that grow when we are infants are called milk
4. The medicine is bitter. teeth. They start falling at seven or eight years of age.
5. My socks are stinking. Then we get new teeth once again. These are called
6. Rose has a sweet smell. permanent teeth. If permanent teeth fall, we do not get
new teeth in their place. So, we must take care of our
teeth.

80
 www.pschool.in/humanbody-3

If our teeth are dirty, foul substances go into our

stomach. We can fall ill. We must wash our hands Multiple Choice Questions
before we eat. We must keep our hair, our nails, our 1. ____________ start falling at the age of seven or eight.
sense organs and the entire body clean

Classify the below sentences as true and false a. milk teeth

1. Clean gums may make us ill. b. permanent teeth
2. We start losing milk teeth at 12 years of age. c. teeth
3. Last set of teeth is milk teeth.
4. First set of teeth is milk teeth. 2. If rotting _________ remain in the mouth, they cause
5. We must rinse our mouth repeatedly with water after teeth to fall.
eating something. a. teeth
6. Infected wound ooze pus. b. food
c. particles
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
1. The teeth we get when we are small are called 3. If we use a brush and ____________ we can clean the
_________ teeth. gaps between our teeth properly.
2. If _________ teeth fall, we do not get new teeth in their a. powder
place. b. neem stick
3. We must take care of our _________ . c. toothpaste
4. If our teeth are _________ , foul substances go into
our _________ . 4. We must clean our ________ and gums while
5. We must wash our _________ before we eat. brushing.
6. We must keep our hair, our nails, our sense organs a. teeth
and the entire body _________ . b. tongue
stomach teeth hands permanent c. mouth
clean milk dirty
5. We must keep our five _______ clean.
Match the following a. nails
b. teeth
First teeth toothpaste c. sense organs
Last teeth loose teeth
Toothbrush pus
Humanbody-4
Rotting milk teeth
Infection permanent teeth Digestive System
We need energy to do our daily activities. We get

Click the blanks and fill it with the right word. energy from the food we eat. If we don't take food for

1. Because of the rotting particles in the mouth, our some time, we will feel hungry.

teeth ______ (decay, cracks). A group of our body parts work together and convert

2. We must brush our teeth in the _______ (morning, the food we eat into fuel that body needs to function.

evening) and before going to bed at night. While eating we first chew the food in our mouth. Saliva

3. We must clean our _____ (gums, mouth) and tongue. present in our mouth helps in breaking the food into

4. _____ (Neem, Tulsi) or babul sticks are sometimes small pieces. Your tongue does the work of pushing the

used for cleaning teeth. food around, and your teeth will do the work of chewing.

5. Infected cut or wound may start oozing _____ (pus, The food will be made into a soft moist ball which is

blood). 81
 www.pschool.in/humanbody-4

easy to swallow. 1. If we don't take food for a long time, we will feel
The esophagus is like a flexible pipe and it takes the ________
food from mouth to stomach. Stomach is the place a. angry
where digestion happens. Acidic fluids present in b. boring
stomach helps in breaking down the food further. c. hungry
Energy present in our food, is absorbed from the walls d. sleepy
of stomach and passed through blood stream.
Then the food is passed to small intestine. Bile is a 2. Which is the biggest organ in our body?
digestive juice helps in breaking down the fats when the a. Kidney
food passes through small intestine. Bile is created in b. Heart
liver, which is the largest human organ. c. Lungs
After extracting fats and other nutrients, the waste is d. Liver
passed to large intestine, and finally reaches rectum.
All the body parts we discussed above, together form 3. Bile helps in breaking ______.
the digestive system. It is an important function of our a. Fat
body. Always eat healthy food even if they are less tasty, b. Glucose
so that your digestive system will be happy. c. Protein

Drag and drop the parts of digestive sytem at 4. What is the final destination of the food we eat?
appropriate places. a. rectum
esophagus, stomach, liver, small intestine, large b. large intestine
intestine, rectum c. small intestine
d. stomach

5. What is the digestive juice generated by Liver.

a. Bile
b. Enzyme
c. Acidic acid

The Brain
Brain is the decision maker of our body. It controls all
the movements of the body. It is responsible for human
intelligence, memory and imagination.
Brain is the most important organ for us. That is why,
we should wear a helmet when you ride a two wheeler.

Structure of the Human brain.

The brain is kept in a bony case called Skull. Skull is
made up of eight immovable bones. The brain is
protected by three membranes called meninges. The
Multiple Choice Question brain is made up of tiny nerve cells called neurons. The
brain is the centre of the nervous system.
The brain is made up of three parts.
1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellum

82
 www.pschool.in/humanbody-4

3. Medulla oblongata Multiple Choice Question

1. What is the largest part of the brain?
Cerebrum a. Cerebrum
1. It is the largest part of the brain. b. Cerebellum
2. It is responsible for our memory. c. Medulla oblongata
3. We are able to learn languages, understand signs
and symbols with the help of cerebrum. 2. Brain is protected by ________.
4. The right side of the Cerebrum controls the left side a. skull
of our body and vice versa. b. spinal cord
5. Cerebrum is responsible for intelligence, imagination c. hair
and reasoning. d. neurons

Cerebellum 3. Which part of the brain controls the movement of

1. It co-ordinates the movements of the muscles of our muscles?
body. a. Cerebellum
2. It helps to maintain the balance of the body. b. Medulla oblongata
c. Cerebrum
Medulla oblongata
1. It is also called the brain stem. 4. Which part of the brain controls heart beat?
2. It controls the breathing, heart beat and other a. Cerebellum
involuntary muscles. b. Cerebrum
3. It connects the brain to the spinal cord. c. Medulla oblongata

Drag and drop the parts of the brain at appropriate 5. Which part of the brain connects the brain to the
places. spinal cord?
Cerebrum, Medulla oblongata, Cerebellum a. Cerebrum
b. Medulla oblongata
c. Cerebellum

6. Medulla oblongata is also known as _________.

a. brain stem
b. neck
c. root of brain

7. The brain is made up of tiny nerve cells called

_______.
a. neurons
b. meninges
c. nerves

8. Which part of the brain helps in learning a language?

a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Medulla oblongata

83
 www.pschool.in/humanbody-4

Our Body thoracic right brain ribcage skull

lungs
Points to remember.
1. The numerous important functions that go on inside Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
our body are carried out by different organs. These 1. The cavity inside the head is called _________ cavity
organs are inside our body and cannot be seen from the 2. The cavity in the chest is called _________ cavity
outside. They are called internal organs. 3. The cavity in the upper abdomen is called _________
2. The body is structured in such a way that the internal cavity
organs remain safe within the cavities inside the head 4. The cavity in the lower abdomen is called _________
and the torso. cavity
3. The oesophagus carries the swallowed food from pelvic abdominal cranial thoracic
the throat to the stomach.It is situated in the thoracic
cavity. Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
4. The heart keeps the blood flowing through the blood 1. The journey of food in our body begins in the
vessels which are spread throughout the body. ___________ .
5. The heart is continuously contracting and relaxing. 2. The internal organs in the ___________ help to digest
6. The contractions of the heart push the blood from it.
the heart into the blood vessels. 3. The undigested, unwanted part is passed out
7. The lungs are the organs through which the air we through the ___________ in the form of ___________ . That
breathe in is supplied to the whole body. is where the journey ___________ .
8. The right lung is a little bigger than the left lung. 4. ___________ travels through a pipe-like pathway from
9. The heart and the lungs are held safely in the ribcage the mouth to the anus.
in the thoracic cavity. 5. It is called the ___________ canal. It is about
10. Our brain is a very important internal organ. It has a ___________ metres long.
safe place inside the skull. 6. The ___________ is a part of the alimentary canal.
11. Controlling movements, becoming aware of mouth faeces 9 ends Food
emotions and interpreting the information collected by oesophagus alimentary anus abdomen
the sensory organs are the functions of the brain.
Classify the below sentences as true and false
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. 1. Beating of heart is a voluntary action.
1. The ____________ keeps the blood flowing through 2. Oxygenated blood flows through veins.
the blood vessels spread throughout the body. 3. The heart pumps blood.
2. The heart is continuously ____________ and relaxing. 4. Lungs pump blood.
3. The contractions of the heart ____________ the blood 5. The brain controls the entire body.
from the heart into the blood vessels. 6. Food pipe is in the thoracic cavity.
heart contracting push
Click the blanks and fill it with the right word.
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. 1. The body is structured in such a way that the internal
1. The ________ are the organs through which the air we organs remain safe within the ________ (cavities,
breathe in is supplied to the whole body. spaces) inside the head and the torso.
2. The ________ lung is a little bigger than the left lung. 2. The ___________ (oesophagus, windpipe) carries the
3. The heart and the lungs are held safely in the swallowed food from the throat to the stomach.
________ in the ________ cavity. 3. The heart keeps the blood flowing through the
4. Our ________ is a very important internal organ. It has ______________ (blood vessels, veins) spread throughout
a safe place inside the ________ . the body.

84
 www.pschool.in/humanbody-4

4. Controlling movements, becoming aware of Humanbody-5

_________ (emotions, movements) and interpreting the
information collected by the ________________ (sensory Our Internal Organs

organs, internal organs) are the functions of the _____

(brain, heart). Organ system.
1. A group of organs that together carry out some

Multiple Choice Questions function of the body is called a system.

1. The internal organ that help digest food is 2. The nose, trachea, lungs and diaphragm are organs

__________. of the respiratory system.

a. heart 3. The mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine,

b. lungs large intestine, rectum, anus and certain glands outside

c. stomach the alimentary canal are the organs of the digestive

system.

2. We have ___________ lungs. 4. Other systems like the circulatory system, the

a. 2 skeletal system, the excretory system also take care of

b. 3 other important functions of our body.

c. 4 5. The nervous system co-ordinates all the functions of

the body.

3. Every __________ of the heart is called a heartbeat 6. For us to lead a healthy life, all our systems must

a. relaxation function smoothly.

b. contraction
c. pulse Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
1. The process of digestion ___________ as soon as

4. We become _________ of all our emotions in the brain. food is taken into the mouth.
2. The teeth, tongue and ___________ all help to convert
food into a soft moist ball called a ___________ .

a. unaware 3. The bolus passes through the ___________ into the

b. aware stomach.

c. lost 4. The ___________ is shaped like a bag.

5. The food is ___________ in the stomach.

5. The structure of the human body is very ___________ . 6. The digestive ___________ in the stomach bring about
some digestive processes.
oesophagus juices begins stomach

a. simple saliva bolus churned

b. compound
c. complex Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
1. The food changes into a thin _________ in the

Match the following stomach.

2. Then it passes into the _________ intestine.

Supply blood brain 3. The small intestine of an adult is about _________

Breathing heart metres long.

Carry food lungs 4. The digestive juices in the _________ bring about

Control center alimentary canal several digestive processes.

5. In the small intestine, they are absorbed into the
_________ .
85
 www.pschool.in/humanbody-5

6. The remaining substances pass into the _________ 2. The _______________ that is brought by the blood
intestine. from all parts of the body enters the _______________ in
small large intestine slurry 7 blood the alveoli.
3. When we _______________ , the carbon dioxide is also
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. given out with the air.
1. The large intestine of an adult is about ______ and a carbon dioxide exhale blood air oxygen
half metres long.
2. Here, much of the ______ in the remaining Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
substances is absorbed into the body. 1. There is a ____________ that connects the brain with
3. The ______ collect in the rectum for some time. all the different parts of the body.
4. Later, they are expelled from the body through the 2. This is a network of ____________ that carry
______ . messages to and fro between the brain and the parts of
anus faeces water one the body.
3. The brain and the network of nerves are together
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. called the ____________ system.
1. ___________ takes place in different parts of a long 4. The nervous system functions to ____________ all our
and flexible tube called the ___________ canal. bodily functions.
2. The upper end of this tube is the ___________ and the network co-ordinate nerves nervous
lower end is called the ___________ .
3. The ___________ of this tube is not the same in all its Classify the below sentences as true and false
parts. 1. Beating of heart is voluntary action.
alimentary anus Digestion mouth 2. Alcohol affect liver and kidney.
shape 3. Excretory system cleans air.
4. Heart pumps blood.
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. 5. Oxygenated blood flows through veins.
1. When we inhale, the air from outside goes into the 6. Brain controls the entire body.
trachea and through its branches, into the _________ .
2. In the lungs, these _________ divide further into Click the blanks and fill it with the right word.
smaller and smaller branches. 1. A sufficient quantity of ______ (water, energy) is
3. At the end of the last branches, there are air sacs or necessary for the processes of digestion to take place
_________ . properly.
4. Between the thoracic cavity and the abdominal 2. The inner lining of the respiratory organs has fine
cavity, there is an organ like a flexible sheet called the hairlike structures called _____ (cilia, villi).
_________ . 3. The ________ (skeletal, nervous) system gives
5. When the diaphragm moves _________ , we breathe support and shape to the body and protects the
in. important organs inside it.
6. When the diaphragm moves _________ ,air in the 4. The ____________ (excretory, respiratory) system
lungs is pushed out. expels the waste substances that are formed in the
upwards downward diaphragm alveoli body.
branches lungs 5. If one keeps drinking alcohol for a long period of
time, it causes ______ (ulcers, cyst) on the inner lining of
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. the digestive organs.
1. When the outside air reaches the alveoli, the
_______________ in it passes into the thin _______________
vessels.

86
 www.pschool.in/humanbody-5

Multiple Choice Questions ahtcoms

1. A group of organs that together carry out some 4. An organ that helps to remove waste from our body.
function of the body is called a ____________. inyedk
a. system
b. organ Organ Systems
c. function
Digestive system
2. The nose, trachea, lungs and diaphragm are organs The process of conversion of complex food molecules
of the ___________ system. into simpler molecules is called digestion. The digestive
a. nervous system can be divided into two.
b. respiratory 1. Digestive tract
c. digestive 2. Digestive glands

3. The mouth, oesophagus, stomach etc are the organs Respiratory system
of the _____________ system. The respiratory system provides oxygen to the tissues
a. digestive of the body and removes carbon dioxide from the
b. excretory tissues. There are three major parts forming the
c. nervous respiratory system.
1. Airway
4. The _________ system co-ordinates all the functions 2. Lungs
of the body. 3. Muscles of respiration
a. respiratory
b. nervous Circulatory system
c. excretory In this system blood is circulated to transport oxygen
and nutrients to every part of the body. Circulatory
5. For us to lead a healthy life, all our _________ must system consists of the following:
function smoothly. 1. Heart
a. function 2. Blood vessels
b. organ 3. Blood
c. system
Excretory system
Match the following Excretory system removes the waste products from
the body. It also regulates water and electrolyte balance.
Lungs digestion Kidneys, lungs, liver and skin together function as
Stomach circulation excretory organs. Excretory system consists of the
Heart co-ordination following.
Brain excretion 1. Kidneys
Kidney respiration 2. Ureters
3. Urinary bladder
Form the word using the letters.
1. An organ that secretes a certain substance. Nervous system
anldg Nervous system is an integration of nerves and they
2. An organ that helps in circulation of blood. are composed of specialized cells called Neurons. The
rthea human nervous system is divided into the following.
3. An organ that helps in digestion of food. 1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
87
 www.pschool.in/humanbody-5

2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Click the blanks and fill it with the right word.
Skeletal System 1. Smoke contains large amount of carbon ________
The hard parts in our body that we call can feel in our (monoxide, dioxide) a toxic gas.
knees and elbows are our bones. There are over 200 2. People when engulfed in smoke on fire die due to
bones of different shapes and sizes in our body. They ____________ (suffocation, allergy).
make up the skeleton or the skeletal system which 3. Muscles of respiration include diaphram and
forms the framework of the body. The skeleton mainly ____________ (intercostal, inrtravein) muscles.
consists of the skull, spine or backbone and the ribs. 4. Blood vessels consist of arteries, veins and
Functions: ____________ (capillaries, lymph).
1. It gives shape and support to the body.
2. It helps to keep the organs of the body in their place. Click the blanks and fill it with the right word.
3. It protects the delicate internal organs of the body. 1. The volume of blood in human adults is ____ (4-5,
The place where two bones meet is called a joint. The 6-7)litres.
joint allows you to bend, turn and move different parts 2. ____________ (Spinal cord, Vertebra) is a long a tube
of the body. Example: shoulder joint, knee joint. Drinking like structure which extends from the brain.
milk helps to keep the bones healthy. 3. The brain loses the ability to function when it does
not get oxygen for more than ____ (4, 10) minutes.
Muscular System 4. Enough sleep and healthy food increases the
Muscles are the soft part of the body under the skin efficiency of our ______ (brain, kidney).
which helps us to move. There are more than 600
muscles in the body. These muscles form the muscular Classify the below sentences as true and false
system. Muscles and fat form the fleshy covering 1. We have 2 kidneys.
around the skeleton. 2. The functional unit of kidney is neuron.
Functions: 3. Important function of the heart is to transport blood
1. Muscles pull at the bones to help the body move. with nutrients, oxygen, waste and hormones.
2. Bones and muscles together produce movements. 4. Heart has 5 chambers.
3. Muscles help the internal organs to work so that 5. The brain is protected by the rib cage.
they can perform their functions. 6. The circulatory system is made up of the heart,
Internal organs such as the heart, stomach and lungs blood and blood vessels.
have muscles. We can keep our muscles and bones
healthy and strong by exercising regularly. We must also Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
maintain a correct posture while sitting, standing and 1. Salivary glands secrete ___________ which moistens
walking. food.
2. Saliva contains enzymes which break down complex
Arrange the organs in the sequence they occur. molecules into ___________ molecules.
Pharynx 3. Pancreas produces ___________ juice which contains
Mouth digestive enzymes for digesting ___________ , proteins
Small intestine and carbohydrates.
Buccal cavity 4. Liver produces ___________ for the digestion of fat.
Large intestine simple saliva bile fats pancreatic
Anus
Esophagus
Stomach

88
 www.pschool.in/humanbody-5

Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.

1. There are some organisms which ___________ in the Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
digestive systems of animals. 1. The kidneys filter the ___________ to remove waste
2. ___________ lives in the human intestine. and produce ___________ .
3. The three pairs of salivary glands parotid, 2. The kidneys are a pair of dark red, ___________
___________ and submandibular gland secrete shaped organs.
___________ litres of saliva every day. 3. ___________ kidney is slightly ___________ than the
live Tape worm sublingual 1.5 left kidney.
4. Each kidney is covered by a fibrous membrane called
Arrange the organs in the sequence they occur. ___________ .
Alveoli 5. The kidneys are made up of millions of excretory
Nostrils units, called ___________ .
Larynx 6. Nephrons are the structural and ___________ units of
Bronchioles the kidneys.
Bronchi lower urine Right capsule bean
Nasal cavity functional blood Nephrons
Trachea
Pharynx Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
1. It is sac-like in shape and acts as a temporary
storage organ of _______ .
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. 2. Urine entering the urinary bladder from the ureters
1. The heart is a ____________ , muscular organ. fill the _______ .
2. Heart is covered with double walled membrane 3. Urine is expelled from the body through the _______ .
called ____________ . 4. Every minute, kidneys receive approximately _______
3. The space between the membranes is filled with litre of blood.
____________ fluid. 1.250 urethra bladder urine
4. The pericardial fluid protects the heart from
____________ . Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
5. The heart is divided into ____________ chambers. 1. The ____________ consists of cerebrum, thalamus
pericardial shock four hollow and hypothalamus.
pericardium 2. Fore brain is the centre of human ____________ .
3. Fore brain is responsible for intelligence,
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. ____________ and reasoning.
1. Two upper chambers are called 4. ____________ co-ordinates the movements of the
______________________ . muscles of the body.
2. Two lower chambers are called 5. ____________ connects the brain to the spinal cord.
______________________ . fore brain memory imagination Mid
3. The chambers of the heart are separated by brain Hind brain
______________________ septum of the heart.
4. The right side of the heart receives Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
______________________ blood. 1. Peripheral nervous system consists of nerves
5. The left side of the heart receives extending from the ____________ to all parts of the body.
______________________ blood. 2. Somatic nervous system carries ____________ from
auriculo-ventricular ventricles atria the organs to the brain.
oxygenated deoxygenated 3. Somatic nervous system take ____________ from the
89
 www.pschool.in/humanbody-5

brain to the organs for movements. 3. How many kidneys do we have?

4. Autonomous nervous system controls the a. 1
____________ of the inner organs of the body. b. 3
nerves messages sensations spinal cord c. 4
d. 2
Complete Word
1. An animal with blue blood. 4. Functional unit of brain is __________.
L __ __ __ __ __ __ a. Brain stem
2. An animal with colourless blood. b. Nephron
C __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ c. Nerves
3. Only artery that carries deoxygenated blood. d. Neuron
P __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
__ __ __ 5. Blood is pumped by ___________.
4. Only vein that carries oxygenated blood. a. Bones
P __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ b. Kidneys
__ c. Heart
5. Largest part of brain.
F __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 6. Which system provides a framework to the body?
6. Part of brain controlling temperature. a. skeletal
M __ __ __ __ __ __ __ b. circulatory
7. Part of brain also known as vital knot. c. digestive
H __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
7. What protects the brain?
Odd one out a. hip bones
1. Lung, Mouth, Buccal cavity, Pharynx b. skull
2. Stomach, Nostrils, Pharynx, Nasal cavity c. ribs
3. Kidney, Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach
4. Hear, Smell, Taste, Think 8. What pulls the bones to help the body move?
5. Medulla Oblongata, Cerebellum, Cerebrum, a. muscles
Nephron b. ligament
c. skin
Multiple Choice Questions
1. What is the length of the alimentary canal? 9. What is the place where two bones meet called?
a. 6-9 m a. ligament
b. 3-5 m b. bone marrow
c. 9-11 m c. joint
d. 5-6 m

Solar System
2. Which organ is involved in respiration?
a. Brain Heavenly Bodies

b. Heart The sun, the moon, stars, planets we see on the sky are

c. Lungs called heavenly bodies. Some stars are brighter than

others. It depends on their size and distance. Some
planets are also visible to our eyes. Stars twinkle but
planets don't.

90
 www.pschool.in/solar-system

All planets in the solor system revolve around the Sun. 2. Where do satellites get their light from?
They also rotate about their own axis. a. Moon
b. Sun
Asteroids c. Planets
Between the planets Mars and Jupiter, there is a band
of numerous small heavenly bodies. They are called 3. What are the heavenly bodies that revolve around the
asteroids. Asteroids also revolve around the sun. planets?
a. Satellites
Gravity b. Asteroids
All heavenly bodies exert a force of attraction or a pull c. Stars
on one another. This force is called the force of gravity.
The sun exerts a gravitational pull on all planets. It is 4. What are man-made satellites used for?
due to this force, planets revolve around the sun. a. Map Making
It is also due to gravity that the moon revolves around b. Weather Forecasting
the Earth. Moon is called a satellite of our earth. Other c. All of the Above
planets also have their own moons. Mars has 2 moons, d. Telecommunication
and Jupiter has 53 moons.
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
Satellites 1. ___________ revolve around the planets.
Heavenly bodies that move around the planets are 2. ___________ revolve around the Sun.
called satellites. Moon is a natural satellite. Apart from 3. ___________ is a natural satellite of Earth.
that, there are many man-made satellites that revolve 4. ___________ are small heavenly bodies that revolve
around the Earth. They are sent to the space with the around the Sun.
help of rockets. These man-made satellites help us in 5. ___________ is the force between different heavenly
telecommunication, predicting weather, and making bodies.
maps. Gravity Asteroids Moon Planets
Satellites
Do you know?
Space scientists have not yet been able to find a single Revolution & Rotation
other planet which has life on it. Therefore, our earth is The time taken by the earth to complete one rotation is
an invaluable planet. The degradation of its environment called a day.
for any reason will be a threat to the existence of life The time taken by the earth to complete one revolution
itself. around the sun is called a year. Acutually, the earth
takes 365 days and 6 hours to complete one revolution.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The band of asteroids is seen between which Leap Year
planets? Usually a year has 365 days. But to account for the
a. Mars and Jupiter extra 6 hours, we have a leap year with 366 days. That
b. Earth and Mars extra day goes to the February month. It will have 29
c. Mercury and Earth days, instead of 28 days. Any year which is divisible by 4
is a leap year.
The period between two new moon day is 28-30 days.

91
 www.pschool.in/solar-system

Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. 5. Jupiter is the fifth planet. It is the largest planet in
1. Usually a year has ____ days. But a leap year has ____ the solar system.
days. 6. Saturn is the sixth planet. There are big rings around
2. The Earth takes 365 days and ____ hours to it.
complete one revolution around the Sun. 7. Uranus is the seventh planet. It is made up of gases.
3. If today is a full moon day, the next full moon day will It also has rings. It is the coldest planet.
come after ____ days. 8. Neptune is the eighth planet. It is bluish green in
4. In a leap year, February month has ____ days, and on colour and it is surrounded by clouds.
other years, it has ____ days. 9. Upto 2006, Pluto was considered as the ninth planet.
365 366 6 30 29 28 Since it does not have the properties of a planet, it is
now regarded as a dwarf planet.
Match the Following The first four planets that are nearer to the sun are
called terrestrial planets. They are made of rock and
Natural Satellite Day metals. The last four planets that are far from the sun
Man-made Satellite Force are called gaseous planets. They are mainly made of
Gravitation Year lighter gases like hydrogen and helium and a small
Rotation Moon molten rock core.
Revolution Predicting Weather
Sort the planets based on its distance from sun.
Click on the blanks and fill it with the right word. (Nearest planet at top)
1. The sun, the moon, the stars, the planets, etc are all Jupiter
known as ________ (heavenly, heavy) bodies. Mars
2. _______ (Stars, Planets) have their own light. Neptune
3. The _____ (sun, earth) is a star. Mercury
4. _______ (Planets, Stars) do not have light of their Saturn
own. Uranus
5. Planets _______ (revolve, rotate) around a star, and Earth
they also _______ (rotate, revolve) around themselves. Venus

Solar System
We can see numerous stars in a clear sky at night. True or False
The sun we see everyday is also a star and it is the 1. There is life in every planet.
nearest star to the earth. The planets revolve around 2. There are eight planets in our Solar System.
the sun at different distances in different orbits. 3. Other planets are not visible to us.
This is called solar system. 4. The heavenly bodies that twinkle are called stars.
The sun is a ball of fire. It is very hot. Living 5. The heavenly bodies that looks like stars but do not
organisms cannot exist on the earth in the absence twinkle are planets.
of the sun. Our solar system has 8 planets. 6. Our earth is not a planet.
1. Mercury is the smallest and the nearest planet to the
sun. Terrestrial vs Gaseous Planets
2. Venus is the second planet. It is very hot. It is the Neptune, Mercury, Venus, Uranus, Mars, Earth, Saturn,
brightest planet. Jupiter
3. Earth is the third planet and it has air and water.
It supports life and we all live here.
4. Mars is the fourth planet. It is red in colour.

92
 www.pschool.in/solar-system

Terrestrial Gaseous During a lunar eclipse Earth blocks sunlight from

reaching the Moon. The Sun, Earth, and the Moon line
up, with Earth in the middle. The Moon is then in Earth's
shadow.
We should not watch the solar eclipse directly, as it
may affect our eyes. The radiations during the solar
eclipse are harmful to our eyes.
There is no harm in watching lunar eclipse.

Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. True or False
1. _______ is the center of solar system. 1. We get lunar eclipse when the moon comes between
2. _______ is the biggest planet. the sun and the earth.
3. _______ has a big ring around it. 2. Eclipses can be predicted.
4. _______ is the bright and hottest planet. 3. Earth is a gaseous planet.
5. _______ is the coldest planet. 4. Eclipses are natural events and they cannot be
6. _______ is a dwarf planet. predicted.
Pluto Saturn Uranus Jupiter Sun 5. We should not see the solar eclipse directly.
Venus 6. Jupiter is not a terrestrial planet.
7.
1. Every planet in the solar system ________ around the 8. We should not see the lunar eclipse directly.
sun in a specific path called ________ .
2. Planets ________ about their own axis. Multiple Choice Questions
3. Pluto is called a ________ planet. 1. Eclipse happen when three heavenly bodies _____.
4. It takes one ________ to complete a revolution and a. form a triange
one ________ to complete a rotation. b. are in a straight line
day dwarf year orbit revolves rotate
2. If the moon comes between the sun and the earth,
Eclipse we get ______.
An eclipse happens when one object in space blocks a. Solar eclipse
another from view. b. Lunar eclipse

Solar Eclipse 3. Which of these is a dwarf planet?

It happens when the Moon comes between Earth and a. Pluto
the Sun. The Moon blocks the Sun for a time so that b. Mars
people on Earth cannot see it. c. Neptune
In ancient times solar eclipses caused great fear and d. Venus
wonder. People did not understand why the sky
sometimes darkened in the middle of the day. Today 4. If the earth comes between the sun and the moon,
scientists understand why eclipses happen and can we get _______.
determine when they will occur. a. Solar eclipse
b. Lunar eclipse
Lunar Eclipse
The Moon does not make any light itself. Rather, the
Sun shines on the Moon, and the reflected sunlight
makes the Moon visible from Earth.
93
 www.pschool.in/solar-system

5. Which of the following is not a gaseous planet? can draw heavy burdens, too. Horses and donkeys too,
a. Uranus are used to carry burdens.
b. Neptune We look after the animals we keep. We feed them. We
c. Jupiter take care of them when they are ill. The animals we
d. Mars keep become very dear to us.

6. Which of the following is a gaseous planet? Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
a. Jupiter 1. The dog _______ our house.
b. Mars 2. Cows, buffaloes and goats give us _______ .
c. Venus 3. Bullocks help with _______ work.
d. Earth 4. Horses and donkeys are used to carry _______ .
5. Hen gives us _______ .
Who am I? 6. Goat gives us _______ .
1. I turn around myself and revolve around the sun. weights egg farm meat guards
P __ __ __ __ __ milk
2. No other planet has a living world like mine.
E __ __ __ __ Uninvited Guests
3. I am the nearest star to the earth. Some animals enter our houses even though we don't
__ __ __ want them.
4. You can see me from the earth but the lighted part Mice and rats destroy stored grain, besides gnawing
of me that you see changes every day. other things in the house.
M __ __ __ Mosquitoes and bedbugs suck our blood.
5. I have my own light. It is only from me that the Spiders make cobwebs in the house. Flies, gnats and
planets get light and heat. cockroaches are a nuisance too.
S __ __ __
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
Fill in the blanks 1. Bedbugs suck our _________ .
1. During _____ (lunar, solar) eclipse, the shadow of the 2. Spiders make _________ in the house.
Earth falls on the Moon. 3. Rats destroy stored _________ .
2. _______ (Mars, Neptune) is a terrestrial planet. 4. Though we can see _________ in our house, they are
3. _______ (Venus, Mercury) is the hottest planet. not our _________ animals. They are _________ guests.
4. ______ (Uranus, Earth) is a gaseous planet. pet lizards uninvited cobwebs
5. Solar Eclipse happen during _____ (day, night). blood grains
6. Mars has ____ (2, 3, 1) moons.
7. The _____ (Sun, Earth) is the center of the solar 1. Birds have ___________________ wings.
system. 2. ___________________ is used as a draft animal.
3. Rats and mice ___________________ us.

Animals 4. Bedbugs suck ___________________ from our body

5. ___________________ have a special pouch in their
Domestic Animals body, to carry their young ones.
People love to keep animals. The dog guards our two (three) Ox (Dog) Kangaroos (Monkey)
house. People like to keep cats, too. Cows, buffaloes trouble (help) blood (sweat)
and goats give us milk. Some people keep hens. We get
meat, milk and eggs from animals.
Bullocks help with farm work. Hitched to a cart, they

94
 www.pschool.in/animals-3

Match the following Not a bird!

Butterflies have wings and they can fly. Still we don't
Spider Friendly call them birds. They are insects. They are smaller than
Rats Poison birds and they have six legs.
Mosquito Cobweb Animals which have six legs are called insects. So,
Snake Gnaw things butterflies are insects.
Dog Suck Blood Mosquitoes, houseflies and cockroaches are insects,
too.
So many kinds of Animals Bats have wings but they don't have feathers on their
The crow is black. The buffalo too is black. A swan is body. Bats give birth to young ones. Young ones feed on
white. But the peacock has many different colours. their mother's milk.
The horse and the bullock are large in size. The goat Bats are not birds like the crow, sparrow etc. They are
and the dog are of medium size. The mouse and the included in the group of the cow, deer, mouse etc.
squirrel are small. The earthworm and the cockroach We have seen that animals around us can be grouped
are smaller still. Gnats and ants are very tiny, indeed! in different ways. We formed these groups using our
A squirrel is a small animal. It climbs up a tree quickly everyday observations. However, when scientists
and runs along its branch. classify animals, they look at more important
An elephant's body is bulky. Its legs are heavy. So it characteristics.
cannot run at great speed.
A deer has thin legs, so it can run very fast. A frog's Classify the below sentences as true and false
hind legs are long. So it can easily hop, jump, and leap. 1. Fishes have fins, scales in their body.
Birds have only two legs. They have two wings to fly 2. Eagle flies higher than the pigeon.
with. Their body is covered with feathers. Different birds 3. Bats are not birds.
have different flying ability. An eagle can soar high into 4. Cows are always black or white in color.
the sky and stay in the air for a long time. But a hen 5. Butterflies are not insects.
does not fly high, and comes down soon. 6. Butterflies have six legs.
7. Spiders are insects with eight legs.
Find the animal based on the hint. 8. Bats have feathers.
1. My legs are thin, so I can run fast. 9. Dogs have scales in their body.
__ __ __ __
2. I am huge and I cannot run fast. Choose the Right Answer
E __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 1. Who classify animals?
3. I am a bird of many colours. a. Scientists
P __ __ __ __ __ __ b. Teachers
4. We are tiny animals and we move in a line. c. Doctors
A __ __ S
5. My hind legs are long. So I can easily hop. 2. Which of the following animal is not used to carry
__ __ __ __ weights?
6. I can fly too high for a long time. a. donkey
E __ __ __ __ b. dog
7. I make cobwebs in your house. c. bullock
S __ __ __ __ __ d. horse

95
 www.pschool.in/animals-3

3. All insects have _____.

a. 8 legs Rats
b. 4 legs Rats and mice live underground in fields. They dig into
c. 6 legs the soil and make holes and burrows to live in.

4. Which animal can live both in land and water? Find House
a. Bat Some animals do not make any efforts to build a
b. Crocodile shelter. They simply look around for a safe place. Some
c. Cockroach live in small hollows on high cliffs or live near our
d. Butterfly houses. They find shelter in gaps in walls.

5. Which is the biggest animal? Fun Fact

a. Shark It is believed that a cobra lives in an anthill. But anthills
b. Giraffe are built by ants, not by a cobra. The cobras live in
c. Elephant holes.
d. Whale For domestic animals, we build their shelters.

Animal Shelters Classify the below animals based on their shelter.

House is a safe place where one is protected from any Doves, Crow, Cobra, Honey bees, Tiger, Ants, Rats, Bats,
danger. A place where one is protected from the sun, Mice, Spider
rain, wind, etc. A house also protects us from thefts. Build House Find House
Do you know, like us, animals also need shelters to
protect themselves? Some animals build a shelter for
themselves while others find them ready in the
surroundings.

Build House
Birds build nests as they are afraid of the animals that
eat eggs. Nests protect the young birds as they are too
weak to protect themselves. Nests are made up of Match the following
grass, straw, and twigs. They may even contain cotton,
wool, and pieces of thread and string. House Bird
Some birds don't make nests. Instead they make holes Coop Horse
and make it their house. Eg: Parrot, Woodpecker. Stable Cow
Shed Tree holes
Tailor Bird Parrot Shelter
It is smaller than a sparrow. It selects a plant with
bigger leaves and builds its nest by stitching the leaves
together. It uses a fine tendril to stitch them together.
This little nest is big enough for the little tailor bird.

Honeycomb
Some insects also build their own shelters. For eg,
honey bees build their honeycombs on trees or under
the roof of an overhanging cliff.

96
 www.pschool.in/animals-3

Water Habitat
Bird Honeycomb Animals that live in water are called aquatic animals.
Honey Bee Nest This can further be divided into two groups.
Rat Den 1. Freshwater. eg: crab, goldfish, snail, crab
Leopard Old Building 2. Marine (Sea water). eg: shark, seahouse, octopus
Bat Hole
Lion Cave Arboreal Animals
Animals that live on trees are called arboreal animals.
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. eg: Squirrel, Monkey
1. _________ use grass, straw, twigs and even cotton
and wool, to build their _________ . Aerial animals
2. Tailorbird selects a plant with _________ leaves and Animals that can fly most of the time are called aerial
builds its nest by _________ the leaves together. animals. eg: Crow, Dove
3. Tigers and hyenas live in _________ .
4. _________ live in tall trees or in old, deserted Amphibians
buildings. Animals that need both land and water to live are
big stitching Bats nests caves called amphibians. Eg: Frog, crocodile
Birds
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
True or False 1. Animals that live in tree are ____________ .
1. A house protects us from theives. 2. Animals that spend most of the time flying are
2. Anthills are built by snakes as their shelters. ____________ .
3. Doves and pigeons make their shelters and live in 3. Animal that live in both land and water is an
caves. ____________ .
4. Bats build nests in old buildings. 4. Animals that live in water are ____________ .
5. Every human being needs a house. 5. River water is ____________ .
6. Honey bees build their own shelter. arboreal aerial amphibian fresh water
aquatic

Life of Animals
Multiple Choice Questions
Habitat 1. The living environment of an animal is called its
Our Earth provides place for lakhs and lakhs of animals _____.
to live. The living place of an animal or a plant is called a. shelter
habitat. The basic needs such as food, water, shelter b. habitat
and place to breed are found in a habitat. c. house
Habitat can be as big as a forest or as small as a leaf.
Animals live in different conditions. 2. Which of the following is not an amphibian?
a. crab
Land Habitat b. tortoise
Animals that live on land are called terrestrial animals. c. crocodile
eg: ant, cat, lion d. dolphin
It can further be divided into Plain and Forest habitat.
Animals like rat, cow, camel live in plain. Deer, fox, bear,
bison live in forest.

97
 www.pschool.in/animals-4

3. Which of the following statement is false? Freshwater Marine

a. Amphibians can live without water for a long time.
b. Birds that can swin are called aquatic animals.
c. Birds that don't fly are not aerial animals.

4. Which of the following is not an aerial animal?

a. hen
b. crow
c. eagle
d. dove hen, fox, deer, cow, sheep, camel, goat, bison, bear
Plain Forest
5. Domestic animals live in _____.
a. plains
b. towns
c. villages
d. cities

True or False
1. Animals like fox and wolf live in plains.
2. The living place of an animal is called its habitat. monkey, eagle, squirrel, pigeon, chameleon, parrot,
3. Humans can live both in land and water. vulture
4. Some fishes live only in freshwater and some live Arboreal Aerial
only in sea water.
5. All birds are aerial animals.
6. Animals like camel, cow, goat lives in plains.

Group the animals based on the given label.

Fish, Jellyfish, Cow, Deer, Horse, Fox, Bison, Octopus,
Seahorse, Tiger, Starfish, Bear
Terrestrial Aquatic
frog, fish, elephant, crab, lizard, hippo, snake, crocodile,
tortoise, monkey
Amphibian not an Amphibian

water snakes, alligator, shark, gold fish, jellyfish,

seahorse, starfish

98
 www.pschool.in/animals-4

Match the following Omnivores

Some animals eat both plants and the flesh of other
Land Living Place animals. These animals are called omnivores or
Marine Arboreal omnivorous animals. Eg: bear, man, crow, hen fox.
Trees Aquatic These animals have a combination of tearing, biting and
Water Sea grinding teeth.
Habitat Terrestrial
Birds and Beaks
Different birds have different beaks based on their food
Tiger Desert habit.
Penguin Salt water 1. Eagle has strong sharp, curved beak to catch prey
Whale Fresh water and tear its flesh.
Camel Polar region 2. Fish eating birds like kingfisher have spear-like
Frogs Forest beaks designed for stabbing fish.
3. The hooked sharp beak of parrot helps to collect and
eat the grains
Terrestrial Whale 4. Strong chisel beak of woodpecker is used to make
Arboreal Goldfish hole in the trees and catch small insects.
Aerial Squirrel 5. Sparrow has short, conical beak which helps to
Marine Hippo crack open the shells and extract the inner nut or seed.
Freshwater Elephant 6. Duck has flat beak that helps to grip plant and insect
Amphibian Eagle from water.

More facts
Forest Tortoise 1. An elephant needs lot of food. It feed on coconut
Arboreal Dog leaves, sugarcane, banana, and different plants. It uses
Aerial Camel its trunk to fetch its food and sucking water.
Plain Monkey 2. An earthworm lives in soil, and it can eat and digest
Desert Fox soil along with organic wastes and microbes.
Amphibian Pigeon 3. A spider spun webs and eat small insects that fall on
it.
Food Habit of Animals 4. A butterfly has a tube like structure (proboscis) to
suck nectar from flowers.
Herbivores 5. Female mosquitoes suck blood from animals. They
Animals that eat only plants are called herbivores or have a needle like structure to suck blood. The male
herbivorous animals. Eg: deer, cow, goat, elephant, ones feed on plant juices.
giraffe. They have sharp straight edged flat front teeth 6. The lizards and frogs have a sticky tongue to catch
called incisors to bit the grass and leaves. insects.
7. A Hen feeds on grains, small insects, earthworms
Carnivores etc.
Flesh eating animals are called carnivores or
carnivorous animals. Eg: hyena, tiger, lion, cheetah. They Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
have sharp, pointed teeth called canines and they are 1. Plant eating animals are called ___________ and they
used to tear the flesh of animals. have ___________ teeth.
2. Flesh eating animals are called ___________ and they
99
 www.pschool.in/animals-4

have ___________ teeth. 4. Which animal can eat and digest soil?
3. Animals that eat both plants and animals are called a. termite
___________ . b. rat
carnivores incisor herbivores c. ant
omnivores canine d. earthworm

1. Eagles have a strong, sharp _______ beaks. 5. The teeth used to tear flesh are called _______.
2. Fish eating birds have _______ like beaks. a. canines
3. Woodpeckers have strong _______ like beaks. b. pre-molars
4. Sparrows have short _______ beaks. c. incisors
5. Ducks have _______ beaks. d. molars
curved conical chisel spear flat
6. Mosquito sucks its food. Which of the animals given
1. The lizards and frogs have a ______ tongue. below suck their food?
2. ______ mosquitoes suck blood from animals. ______ a. Cockroach
mosquitoes feed on plant juices. They have ______ like b. Parrot
mouth. c. Butterfly
3. Butterflies have a ______ like mouth to suck nectar
from flowers. 7. Bear sometimes eats pumpkin and sometimes eats
tube needle Male Female sticky fish. So, it is an _________.
a. Omnivore
Multiple Choice Questions b. Carnivore
1. Birds have different types of beaks based on their c. Herbivore
_____.
a. neck structure 8. A bird that has beak which helps it to crack open
b. food habit shells and eat the seed inside is ______.
c. habitat they live a. sparrow
d. weight b. owl
c. kingfisher
2. The teeth used to bit grass are called _______.
a. pre-molars 9. Flesh eating animals have well developed ______.
b. molars a. canines
c. canines b. tusks
d. incisors c. molars

3. All animals have ______ teeth. True or False

a. incisor 1. Only female mosquitoes suck blood from animals.
b. canine 2. Elephants use their trunk to eat the food. Trunk is
c. molar the mouth of elephants.
3. Ducks have sharp beaks.
4. Spiders spun webs to catch insects.
5. Dogs use their tongue to drink water.

100
 www.pschool.in/animals-4

Group the animals based on the given label.

Cheetah, Leopard, Crocodile, Cow, Lion, Goat, Seal, Lion Sugarcane
Zebra, Buffalo, Elephant Cow Nuts
Herbivore Carnivore Elephant Insects
Parrot Zebra
Spider Grass

Young Ones
The babies of animals, either grow in their mother's
tummy or hatch out of the eggs. Some animals like
crows, spiders, and lizards lay eggs. Unlike a chicken,
their eggs are tiny. Some animals lay eggs that are too
Hyena, Bear, Fox, Human, Hen, Shark, Eagle, Crow, tiny to be observed with naked eyes.
Tiger Animals that lay eggs are called Oviparous. Animals
Carnivore Omnivore that give birth to young ones are called Viviparous.

Hen
A hen lays eggs. The warmth which is provided by the
hen to her eggs helps the chick inside the egg to grow.
After the full growth, the chick breaks the eggshell and
comes out.
When a hen is hatching her eggs, she becomes
aggressive for fear of their safety. She attacks anyone
Match Animals and Food who tries to go near the eggs.

Honey Bee Plant

Leopard Nectar Unlike, a chick which does not look very different from
Hen Flesh a hen, in some animals, the young one grows into an
Spider Grain adult animal that looks very different from the young
Goat Insect one. This change of form is called metamorphosis. eg:
butterfly, frog

Rabbit Grass
Cat Carrot Do you know?
Goat Milk After we have cleaned the grain we buy, we store it in a
Tiger Earthworm box. Even then, when we open the box after some days,
Hen Deer we may see some insects in it.
There can be insects in the grain stored in places like
warehouses, in the grocer’s shop or even in our homes.
Now, if a female insect lays eggs in this grain, we cannot
see them because of their tiny size. The warmth and air
they get in the box in which the grain is stored is enough
for them to grow. So their growth continues inside the
box. They also have the same stages of growth, namely,
egg, larva, pupa and adult. When we open the box, we
101
 www.pschool.in/animals-4

see the insects in the grain at the different stages of completed inside the chrysalis. Then, the adult butterfly
growth in which they are. emerges from the chrysalis. It now has four attractive
wings and six long legs.
Classify the below animals. For each type of butterfly, the type of plants on whose
Cat, Horse, Snake, Donkey, Frog, Crow, Cow, Spider, leaves its female will lay eggs is fixed.
Hen, Dog The time the larva take to emerge from the eggs is
Oviparous Viviparous different for different types of butterflies. There is great
variety in caterpillars. Different types of caterpillars are
of different colours. Their body is long. Many types of
caterpillars are hairy.

Life cycle of a Butterfly

Eggs, Larva, Pupa, Adult

Life Cycle of Butterfly

A butterfly has to go through various stages of growth,
unlike other animals. These stages are egg, larva, pupa,
and adult. The adult stage is called the butterfly. All the
butterflies have to go through these four stages.
Butterflies of various shapes and beautiful colours are
a part of our environment. They live their life among
plants. Let us take the example of the common plain
tiger butterfly.
The female butterfly lays eggs on a Milkweed leaf. In 6
to 8 days, the larva emerges from the egg.The larva of a
butterfly is called a caterpillar.
When the caterpillar comes out of the egg it is very
hungry. It begins to nibble and eat the very leaf on which
it emerges from the egg. It eats very fast, and it grows
very fast and it does not fit in its skin. To shed old skin
Animals & their babies
to make way for new growth is called moult.
Again it begins to gobble up the leaf and continues to
Cat Foal
grow rapidly. In 2 or 3 days, it moults a second time. In
Dog Kitten
this way, it moults 4 times. It remains in the caterpillar
Butterfly Kid
stage for 10 to 12 days.
Goat Cub
Just before the last moult the caterpillar weaves a
Lion Caterpillar
button of a silken thread on a stalk or a leaf and hangs
Horse Puppy
itself from it. When it moults this time it forms a pupa
which is the next stage of its growth. The pupa of a
Multiple Choice Questions
butterfly is also called a chrysalis. It remains inside the
chrysalis for the next 11 or 12 days. It does not eat
anything during this stage.
However, inside the chrysalis, important changes take
place in its body. The growth of the Plain Tiger gets

102
 www.pschool.in/animals-4

1. Where does a plain tiger butterfly lay her egg? Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
a. Milkweed leaf 1. To shed old skin to make way for new growth is
b. Neem leaf called ______________ .
c. Mulberry leaf 2. The four stages of butterfly growth are egg, larva,
d. Mango leaf pupa, and ______________ .
3. The change in the shape of animals as they grow is
2. What is the pupa of a butterfly called? called ______________ .
a. Chrysalis 4. The pupa of a butterfly is also called a
b. Shell ______________ .
c. Larva 5. The larva of butterfly is called ______________ .
d. Budding moult adult caterpillar chrysalis
metamorphosis
3. The process of change in the shape of animals is
called ___________. 1. All butterflies undergo ______ stages of growth.
a. Photosynthesis 2. Caterpillar moults for ______ times.
b. Metamorphosis 3. The butterfly remains in the chrysalis for ______
c. Metagenesis days.
d. Crystallization 4. The adult butterfly has ______ legs.
5. Usually the larva emerges from the egg in ______
4. The larva of a butterfly is called? days.
a. Stalk six twelve five seven four
b. Worm
c. Pupa Classify the below sentences as true and false
d. Caterpillar 1. Eggs of hen, tortoise need warmth to hatch.
2. Once we clean the grains, and put it in a box, it will
5. While hatching eggs, the hen become _______. be free from insects.
a. aggressive 3. Different types of butterflies lay eggs in different
b. tired types of leaves.
c. kind 4. Different types of caterpillars are of different colors.
d. bored 5. In the pupa stage, the butterfly eats a lot.

6. Caterpillar are always very _______. Adaptation in Animals

a. hungry
b. aggressive Adaptation in Animals

c. angry Adaptation is the most essential factor of all living

d. playful beings. The changes in an animal's behaviour to adjust

with its habitat is called adaptation. If an organism fails

7. Caterpillar eats the ______. to adapt to the particular environment, its survival is

a. flower difficult.

b. fruit All animals have special body parts to live in a

c. stem particular place at a particular time.

d. leaf For example, giraffes have developed very long necks

because of their environmental demands. Tigers and
Zebras have lines so they can hide themselves. Camels
have broad feet to walk in the desert. Fish have gills to
103
 www.pschool.in/animals-5

breathe in the water and fins to swim. Match the following

There are three basic types of adaptations seen in
animals. They are, Thorns Sensitive skin
Alligators Porcupines
Structural adaptations Polar Bear long neck
Changes in the physical features of the animal are Giraffe broad feet
called structural adaptations. For example, polar bears Camels Short ears
living in cold climate have physical adaptations, such as
thick fur and short ears to reduce heat loss. True or False
1. Adaptations can be classified into three basic types.
Physiological adaptations 2. Fish have gills to swin.
Changes in the functions of the animal's body are 3. Dog shivers to generate more heat.
called physiological adaptations. E.g. Dog shivers to 4. Alligators have thick skins and cannot feel the
generate more heat when it is cold and pants when it is vibrations in water.
hot. 5. Polar bear has short ears.
6. If an organism fails to adapt to the particular
Behavioural adaptations environment, its survival is difficult.
Changes in the activities of the animal are behavioural
adaptations. Birds migrate to avoid adverse conditions. Choose the Right Answer
Porcupines have thorns on their body to fight against 1. Dogs keeping its tongue out and panting is a _______
their enemies. Alligators have sensitive skin which can adaptation.
feel even small vibrations in water. a. structural
b. physiological
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. c. behavioural
1. Thick fur in polar bears is a ______________
adaptation. 2. Porcupines have thorns on their body to fight against
2. Dogs panting is a ______________ adaptation. their enemies. It is a _______ adaptation.
3. Birds migrating is a ______________ adaptation. a. behavioural
4. Fish have ______________ to breathe in the water and b. physiological
______________ to swim. c. structural
gills behavioural physiological fins
structural 3. Why do polar bears have short ears?
a. To protect themselves from cold weather.
1. ___________ have broad feet. b. To avoid insects from entering the ears.
2. ___________ have thorns on their body. c. To keep the body heat within the body.
3. ___________ have sensitive skin.
4. ___________ move from one place to another to avoid 4. Which of the following can travel long distance?
unfavourable climate. a. Fish
5. ___________ have stripes on their body. b. Deer
Birds Porcupines Alligators Camels c. Tiger
Zebras d. Birds

104
 www.pschool.in/animals-5

5. Alligators have sensitive skin which can ______ in

water.
a. feel even small vibrations
b. see even small objects
c. feel even far away animals

Structure of Insects
Insects have three main body regions. They are head,
thorax and abdomen. All parts of the insect are inside
an exoskeleton.

Head
The main visible parts on the head are the large
compound eyes, the antennae (feelers) and the mouth
parts.

Thorax
The thorax is the middle region of the body. It bears
Choose the Right Answer
three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings.
1. Which body part in insects is usually segmented?
a. abdomen
Abdomen
b. thorax
The abdomen is the last part of the insect body.
c. head
Abdomen of most of the insects have clear
d. wings
segmentation.

2. The wings are connected to the body at ____.

Many types of Insects
a. thorax
Insects have differences in structures like wings, legs,
b. abdomen
antennae and mouthparts. The legs are modified for
c. legs
walking, jumping, digging or swimming.
Most of the insects have wings which can be folded
3. Which insect doesn't have foldable wings?
flat over their body. Eg: bug
a. bug
There are some insects which cannot fold their wings.
b. housefly
Eg: dragonfly. Some insects are wingless. eg: ant,
c. dragonfly
silverfish
The compound eyes of insects are made up of small
4. What is the body part that connects the head and
units called ommatidia.
the abdomen?
Insects use the antennae to smell and feel the surface.
a. thorax
b. wings
Parts of an Insect
c. legs
antenna, simple eye, compound eye, front wing, hind
d. ribs
wing, leg, abdomen, thorax, head

Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.

1. Like any insects, butterfly has ________ body parts. It
has ________ wings and ________ legs, attched to the
105
 www.pschool.in/animals-5

________ . It uses its two ________ to smell. Choose the Right Answer
throax six antennae four three 1. Bats have good sense of _______.
a. hearing
True or False b. smelling
1. Insects use the antennae to drink water. c. seeing
2. The legs and wings are attached to thorax.
3. All parts of an insect are inside an exoskeleton. 2. Snakes uses their ______ to smell their surrounding.
4. All insects can fly. a. eyes
5. The thorax region is segmented. b. nose
c. tongue
Special senses d. ears
Some animals have well developed special senses.
These special senses help the animals experience the 3. For what purposes, an ant uses its antennae?
world around them. a. To feel the vibrations in the ground
Ants have sense of sight, smell, taste and touch. Ants b. To taste
have organs of smell and taste in their antennae. They c. To smell
feel the vibrations in the ground through their feet.
Place a few sugar cubes in a plate. After sometime, 4. Which animal is active both day and night?
you can see some ants visiting the plate. a. lion
Adding sugar to your cat's food is of no use, because b. cow
cats cannot taste sweetness. c. owl
Most snakes have poor eyesight. Snakes use their
tongue to smell their surrounding. 5. Which animal produce ultrasonic sound?
Bats have a good sense of hearing. They use sound a. Owl
navigation. They produce ultrasonic sound which helps b. Vampire
the bats find their way at night and find out the objects c. Bat
on their path. This is called 'Echolocation'.
Vampire bats feed on the blood of their prey. Vampire Classify the below animals.
bats have heat-detecting noses which allow them to find Horse, Cockroach, Cat, Hen, Mouse, Donkey, Bat, Owl,
their prey. Eagle, Cow
Nocturnal not a Nocturnal
Nocturnal animals
Some animals sleep in the day time and are very active
at night. A good example is cat at your home. Such
animals are called Nocturnal animals. Eg: owl, bat,
mouse, firefly, moth
Animals that are active during day time are known as
diurnal animals. Eg: hen, horse, camel
Lions are active both during day and night.
Nocturnal creatures generally have highly developed Parental Care
senses of hearing, smell, and specially adapted Efforts taken by the adult to take care of their young
eyesight. ones is called Parental care.
Parental care increases the survival rate and improves
the quality of young one. It also increases the
reproductive success of animals.

106
 www.pschool.in/animals-5

Kangaroo
Kangaroo is best known for parental care. Female
kangaroo carries its baby in its pouch. The pouch
provides a safe place for the young ones to stay until
they grow large enough to survive outside on their own.

Cow
Cow gives milk and protects its calf from the enemies.
Mother and calf communicate with each other through
a sound. Calves respond to the calls from their own A food web is an interconnection of multiple food

mother by calling back. chains. Transfer of energy between organisms of

different energy sources occurs through food web.

Human beings
Humans promote and support the physical, emotional, Multiple Choice Questions

social and intellectual development of their child. The 1. In a food chain, ______ can be placed immediately

human infant or baby is completely helpless at birth. before a snake.

Mother takes good care of the baby by feeding, helping a. grass

to sleep and making comfortable with clothes etc. b. an eagle

Through proper parenting the child is taught whatever c. a frog

needed to live successfully in the society.

2. Select the animal that has similar eating habit like a
bear.
Food Chain
a. Deer
Food Chain b. Hen
Grass is food for deer and deer is food for tiger. Plants c. Camel
are food for grasshoppers and grasshoppers are food
for bird. Studying the food chain helps us understand 3. Which of the following represents the right food-
how living things are related with one another by the chain?
food they eat. a. leaf ---> insect ---> bird
b. leaf ---> bird ---> insect
Examples of Food Chain c. insect ---> leaf ---> bird
Leaves > Caterpiller > Hen > Hawk
Grass > Grasshopper > Rat > Owl 4. In a food chain, ______ can be placed immediately
after a snake.
Food Web a. a frog
Every organism can feed on different kinds of food. So b. grass
a single organism will be part of many food chains. c. an eagle
These food chains are interconnected to form a web.
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
1. grass ---> _____ ---> lion
2. _____ ---> rat ---> _____
3. insect ---> frog ---> _____
4. _____ ---> deer ---> _____
zebra grain tiger cat snake grass
107
 www.pschool.in/food-chain

wind resistance.
Group Behaviour
Animals gain a lot of benefits from spending time Animals & their Group
together with other members of the same species. This
is called group behaviour. Animals like elephant and lion a pride of ants
live in groups. But some animals like tiger and bear, live a school of wolves
in solitary (alone). a colony of cows
Group behaviour is also called social behaviour. a pack of fish
Members of the group work together to find food, a flock of lions
defend themselves and look after the young ones. For a herd of sheep

example, all the fish in a school move together,

following their leader in the front. The main purpose of
group behaviour is to help animals survive in nature. a herd of dolphins
a parliament of monkeys
Bees a school of owl
When insects live together, they often follow a a swarm of dogs
hierarchy. For example, bees have one queen bee in a pack of elephants
every hive. There are a few male bees called drones. a troop of bees

There are hundreds of female bees, which are the

worker bees. Multiple Choice Questions
1. The male bees are called _____.
Social Nesting a. workers
Different birds have different behaviours. Some social b. drones
nesting birds do not build individual nests. All males c. king
work together and build a common nest in which d. queen
hundreds of birds can be housed.
2. Each elephant herd, has _______.
Elephants a. two male leader
Elephant group is called herd or parade. For each b. one male leader
group, there is a female head, which leads the group c. one female leader
towards the availability of food, water and safety. The d. two female leader
leader fights for their group. All animals in a group obey
the command of their leader. Older animals teach 3. Why does a school of fish move together?
manners and life skills to young ones. a. To defend themselves.
b. To feed their young one.
Advantages of group behaviour c. To search for food.
1. It is easy to procure food. Lions hunt together and
share the prey. 4. Solitary animals _________.
2. It is helpful in taking care of young ones. Female a. live in plains
elephant takes care of its calf. b. live in groups
3. It helps to protect from predators. When an animal c. live in forests
find a danger, it alerts the others in the group. d. live alone
4. Work can be divided. Honey bees collect nectar,
build comb and clean hives by splitting the work
5. Energy Conservation. Birds fly in "V" shape to reduce

108
 www.pschool.in/food-chain

5. Why birds fly in a V-formation?

a. To protect from eagles. Biotic Factors
b. They like the letter 'V'. Living organisms in our environment are called biotic
c. To reduce wind resistance. factors. Eg: lion, plantain, dove, human beings etc.

Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. Abiotic Factors
1. Lions _______ together and share the _______ . Non-living things in our environment are called abiotic
2. Bees _______ the work amoung them. There are a factors. Eg: air, soil, water, sunlight, temperature etc.
few male bees called _______ and hundreds of female All biotic factors depend upon abiotic factors for their
bees called _______ . living. Biotic and abiotic factors are linked to each other
3. The main purpose of group behaviour is to help by the flow of energy through food. Plants are the most
animals _______ in _______ . important among all the living organisms. Because they
split hunt nature prey workers only can make food from abiotic factors like air, soil,
survive drones water and sunlight.

1. Animals that live alone are called ________ animals. Environmentalist

2. Group behaviour is also called ________ behaviour. A person who protects the environment. As an
3. All animals in a group, ________ the command of environmentalist, you can volunteer to protect plants
their ________ . and animals.
4. When an animal find a ________ , it ________ the other
animals. True or False
solitary social obey danger leader 1. Environmentalist is a person who creates the
alerts environment.
2. Plants cannot live without animals.
True or False 3. Animals cannot live without plants.
1. Tigers live in groups. 4. Abiotic factors cannot live without biotic factors.
2. Only the leader lion will hunt. 5. Biotic factors cannot live without abiotic factors.
3. Lions live in groups.
4. Different birds have different behaviours. Classify the below as nature or manmade
5. All animals like to live in groups. river, coconut tree, cell phone, building, temple, jasmine
6. Animals that live in group are called solitary animals. flower, hill, silver vessel, cake, cloud, dam
Nature Man-made

7. All birds lay eggs.

Environment
Environmental Factors
Everything present around us is part of our
environment. We are surrounded by living things like
plants and animals and non-living things like water water, doll, crocodile, sunflower, football, book, ship,
bodies, sunlight, air and land. sun, aeroplane, air, pencil
The living and non-living things in our environment
interact with one another. Our environment has two
main factors: biotic and abiotic factors
109
 www.pschool.in/environment-3

Nature Man-made Eg: cuscuta

Consumers
The living things that eat the food prepared by the
producers are called consumers. Most of the living
things depend directly or indirectly on producers for
their food. Consumers can be divided into three types
based on their food as herbivores (plant eating animal),
carnivores (flesh eating animal), omnivores (both plant
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom. and flesh eating animal).
1. All ________ factors depend upon ________ factors for
their living. Only plants can make food from abiotic Decomposers
factors like air, soil, water and ________ . Organisms that feed on the wastes, dead plants and
2. Biotic and abiotic factors are ________ to each other animals are called decomposers. They return the
by the flow of ________ through ________ . nutrients to the soil. Eg: bacteria, fungi. Mushroom is a
biotic abiotic sunlight linked energy type of fungus.
food
Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
Balanced Ecosystem 1. The living things that can prepare their own food are
Imagine an environment where there are only plants, called ____________ . Animals are usually called
deer and lions. ____________ . Plant eating animals are called
1. What will happen to the deer if we remove all the ____________ consumers. Meat eating animals are called
lions? ____________ consumers. Organisms that consume dead
2. What will happen to the plants if there are no lions to plant and animals are called ____________ .
eat the deer? producers consumers seconary
3. If all the plants are eaten, what will happen to the decomposers primary
deer?
It is important for the food chain to exist in any 1. _________ plants are dependent on other plants for
ecosystem to make sure that the energy flows between their food.
the biotic and abiotic factors. A balanced ecosystem 2. _________ flows between the biotic and abiotic
supports animals, plants and micro organisms to grow factors.
in their environment. An ecosystem is balanced, when 3. _________ ecosystem is important for the life cycle
the biotic and abiotic factors are able to cycle the of all living things.
energy and food as per their need. The biotic factors in 4. _________ alone can prepare their own food.
an ecosystem includes producers, consumers and 5. _________ , air, water are abiotic factors.
decomposers. Balanced Plants Sunlight Parasitic
Energy
Producers
The living things that can prepare their own food are Fill Up
called producers. Green plants are the producers. They 1. Sparrows grow by eating _______ (insects, stone) and
make their own food by the process of photosynthesis. ____________ (food grains, paper).
Hence, they are called primary producers. Humans and 2. Plants and animals are __________________ (living
animals depend on plants for their food. things, non-living things).
A few plants do not produce their food and they 3. Plants utilize _________ (sunlight, moonlight) to
depend on other plants. They are called parasitic plants. prepare their food.

110
 www.pschool.in/environment-3

4. Birds build their nest using ______ (twigs, bricks). 6. Mushroom is a ______.
5. Papers, rock and bag are ___________ (non-living, a. decomposer
living) things. b. producer
c. consumer
True or False
1. Train can move from one place to another. So, train Classify the below food items as plant based or
is a living thing. animal based.
2. Plants cannot move from one place to another place Ice cream, Eggs, Milk, French fries, Lettuce, Popcorn,
by their own. Cheese, Ketchup
3. Dead animals will decay in the soil and turn the soil Plant Based Animal Based
fertile.
4. Wooden chairs and tables are made from the trees.
So, they are living things.
5. Living things and non-living things depend upon
each other in the environment.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. _______ are classified as decomposers.
a. Fungi Match the Following
b. Lotus
c. Tomato Stone Decomposer
d. Lentils Bacteria Young plant
Plants Consumer
2. Human beings are ________. Buffalo Abiotic factor
a. omnivores Sapling Producers
b. carnivores
c. herbivores
Wood Wool
3. _______ are known as producers. Wind Energy Bag
a. Human beings Leather Food
b. Insects Sheep Electricity
c. Animals Farmer Furniture
d. Plants

Introduction to Computer
4. Choose a correct food chain sequence
a. Plant ---> Deer ---> Lion Introduction to Computer

b. Lion ---> Bacteria ---> Human A computer is an advanced electronic device. There

c. Human ---> plant ---> Tiger are different types of computers and it can be used at

d. Fox ---> Fungi ---> Human home, office, laboratory etc.

5. Mushroom is a type of ______. Uses of computer

a. micro organism At home we can use a computer to

b. bacteria 1. type documents

c. fungus 2. draw pictures

3. browse the internet
111
 www.pschool.in/computer-3

4. send an e-mail True or False

5. play games 1. Computers can do lot of work without getting tired.
7. watch videos 2. We can watch movies using a computer.
8. chat with a friend 3. Computers are slow in doing calculation.
And we can do many more things using a computer. 4. Computers are used only in laboratory.
Below are some of the important characteristics of a 5. We cannot listen to songs from a computer.
computer.
Parts of Computer
Speed The working of a computer can be explained in three
A computer can do lot of tasks in few seconds. steps.
1. It takes input from an input device.
Accuracy 2. It does the work by processing the input.
Computers give correct output for every correct input. 3. It gives the output through the output device.
It doesn't make mistakes like humans.
Input devices
Diligence Keyboard, Mouse, Web camera, Microphone, Scanner,
A computer works for hours without any break. It won't Joystick
get tired quickly.
Output devices
Versatility Monitor, Printer, Speakers
A computer performs different types of work at the
same time. It is commonly known as multi-tasking. Parts of CPU
CPU is a complex machine present inside the
Storage computer and not visible to our eyes.
A computer can store lot of data.

Human vs Computer Multiple Choice Questions

Computers don't have feelings and cannot take any 1. We give instructions to a computer through ______.
decision on its own. It can work only based on the a. output devices
input. b. input devices
c. CPU
Read the sentence and identify who it represents. d. hard disk
1. I have feelings.
2. I can take my own decision. 2. Which of the following is not a character of a
3. I never make mistakes in calculation. computer?
4. I can work without electricity or battery. a. It can do lot of work without getting tired.
5. I can work for many hours without getting tired. b. It can think on their own and correct our mistakes.
6. I can work on different tasks at the same time c. It can work on multiple tasks at the same time.
without getting confusion. d. It can store lot of data.
7. I can do lot of works within few seconds.
8. I can store billions of data.

112
 www.pschool.in/computer-3

3. Which of the following is not an input device? monitor, keyboard, and mouse are all in-built. The screen
a. Speaker can be folded when not in use.
b. Microphone
c. Keyboard Smartphone
d. Web Camera It is also a computer, also known by the name mobile
phone. We can make phone calls, chat with others, take
4. What we cannot do using a computer? photo, play games, send email etc. It comes with a large
a. Cooking Food display which also takes user input through touches.
b. Taking Photo
c. Playing Song Tablet
d. Drawing Images In terms of size and operation, it comes between
smartphone and laptop. It has big screen but cannot be
5. We can give text input to a computer through a carried freely like smartphone. But it is very light weight
______. when compared to laptop.
a. mouse
b. printer Classify the below sentences as true and false
c. keyboard 1. Desktop computers work on batteries.
d. scanner 2. We can easily carry a laptop.
3. Smartphones work on batteries.
Classify the below devices. 4. All data stored in computer are lost once we
Microphone, Web camera, Scanner, Printer, Monitor, shutdown.
Speakers, Mouse, Keyboard 5. We can easily carry a desktop.
Input Output
Rearrange the below from the smallest to the biggest.

Desktop
Laptop
Smartphone
Tablet

Types of Computer
There are many types of computers based on their Input Devices
size, shape and how they work.
Input Devices

Desktop We give instructions to a computer through input

A desktop computer is big in size. It is kept at a fixed devices.

place. It works on electricity. Different parts like CPU,

monitor, keyboard, mouse, speaker are connected Mouse

through wires. A mouse is an easy to use tool to point and select

things. They are widely available with desktop

Laptop computers. With laptops also, mouse can be connected

It is a small computer and can be placed on one's lap, through an USB port.

and hence got its name. It works on batteries and light

to carry. So we can easily carry it anywhere. The CPU, Touch Screen
113
 www.pschool.in/computer-4

Mouse is not available in smartphones and tablets These are special purpose keys present at the top of
because we can directly click on the screen and select the keyboard. Usually, there are 12 keys. (from F1 to
things. F12)
1. F1 : Help
Keyboard 2. F2 : Rename
It is a widely used input device where we can type
words and sentences. We use it to type documents, Match Shortcut keys
write emails and fill forms.
Apart from the letters and numbers, we can find lot of F1 Rename
other keys in a keyboard. Backspace and Delete key are Ctrl + A Cut
used to delete content. Ctrl + X Select All
Ctrl + C Paste
Arrow Keys Ctrl + V Help
It is used to move the cursor up, down, left and right. It F2 Copy

is also widely used in playing games.

Caps lock Ctrl + N Search

It is a toggleable key which can be turned 'on' or 'off'. If Ctrl + S Undo Last
turned 'on', whatever we type, comes in capital letters. Ctrl + P Redo Last
Ctrl + Y Print
Shift Key Ctrl + Z Save
Most of the keys in the keyboard is used to input two Ctrl + F Open New

characters. For example, '?' and '/' are present in the

same key. So to input the other character, we use the Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
Shift key. 1. If I get confused, I will use ________ .
2. If I have to rename a file, I will use ________ .
Print Screen 3. If I made a mistake, and want to remove the last few
It is used to save the screen as an image, which can be changes, I will use ________ .
stored or shared with others. 4. I took printout using ________ , and then I saved the
file using ________ .
Ctrl Key F1 F2 Ctrl + Z Ctrl + P Ctrl + S
It is used for giving special instruction to a computer.
Some of the common instructions are 1. To move text from one place to another, first I need
1. ctrl + S : Save a file to select the text and use ________ , then place the
2. ctrl + C : Copy the selected text or file cursor where I want to paste and use ________ .
3. ctrl + V : Paste the copied content 2. To search for the occurence of a particular text in a
4. ctrl + X : Cut the selected text or file document, I use ________ .
5. ctrl + P : Print a file 3. To open a new document, I use ________ .
6. ctrl + Z : Undo last action 4. To select all text, I use ________ .
7. ctrl + Y : Redo last action Ctrl + X Ctrl + V Ctrl + A Ctrl + F Ctrl + N
8. ctrl + F : Search some text in a file
9. ctrl + A : Select all content Multiple Choice Questions
10. ctrl + N : Open a new file

Functional Keys

114
 www.pschool.in/computer-4

1. Without input devices, we cannot ________. Internet Browsers

a. see what is happening in a computer They allow us to connect with the internet. Google
b. use a computer Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari are the commonly used
c. get an output browsers.
d. give instruction to a computer
Google
2. Which of the keys are called special purpose keys? It is the most famous search engine that helps to
a. Functional Keys search in the internet. For example, if you want to know
b. Shift and Control keys more about a 'tiger', just google it. You will find lot of
c. Arrow Keys information about the tiger.

3. Which key is used to rename a file? Online Meeting App

a. Shift + R People can conduct online meeting using softwares
b. F2 like Zoom, Skype or Google Meet. Multiple people can
c. F6 connect at the same time. We can talk through a
d. Ctrl + R microphone. We can show our face through a web
camera. We can also share our screen.
4. If you want to type every character in capital letter,
which key do you use? Social Media
a. Ctrl It helps us to connect with our friends and also allow
b. Combination of Shift and particular character key us to follow the activities of celebrities and other
c. Caps Lock people. Facebook, Instagram, Twitter are the famous
d. Shift social media applications.

5. To duplicate a text, which keys do you use? Messaging App

a. Ctrl + C and Ctrl + P We can easily share photos, videos or text messages
b. Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V through a messaging app like Whatsapp or Telegram.
c. Ctrl + X and Ctrl + V
d. Ctrl + X and Ctrl + P Match the following

Order the keys: First create a new document, type Google Messaging App
some text, duplicate the text, search for some text and Whatsapp Social Media
remove them, save the file and finally take a printout. Facebook Internet Browser
Ctrl + P Zoom Search Engine
Ctrl + F Chrome Online Meeting
Ctrl + S
Ctrl + V
Ctrl + C Skype Internet Browser
Ctrl + N Instagram Messaging App
Telegram Online Meeting
Firefox Online Shopping
Applications We Use Amazon Social Media
Applications are software programs we use in our
computers and smartphones. Computer System
115
 www.pschool.in/computer-5

Computer System Operating System (OS)

A computer is made up of software and hardware. It is the most important software in your computer. It is
the first software that runs when you start a computer. It
Hardware manages all the activities of a computer. It is reponsible
All physical parts of a computer that can be touched or of running other softwares. The three famous OS on
connected to the computer is called hardware. Eg: laptops and desktops are Windows, MacOS and Linux.
monitor, keyboard, CPU, mouse, printer, and speaker The two famous OS on smartphones are Android and
Hardwares can be internal or external. iOS.

External Hardware: Classify the below devices as internal or external

They are visible components connected to a computer. hardware.
Eg: mouse, keyboard, pendrive, printer. scanner, RAM, mouse, hard disk, monitor, motherboard,
speaker, microprocessor
Internal Hardware: External Internal
The parts present inside the CPU are called internal
hardware. They include motherboard, microprocessor,
RAM, Hard disk etc.

Motherboard
It is an electronic board that holds all other internal
hardwares like RAM, microprocessor etc.

Microprocessor Classify the below sentences as true and false

This is the most important part of a computer and 1. The monitor is an input device.
called the brain of a computer. This is responsible for 2. A computer is an electronic device.
running a software in your computer. 3. A pen drive is a storage device.
4. Printed data is called soft copy.
RAM 5. Output device displays result.
It stands for Random Access Memory. It is often called 6. Input is the processed data.
the main memory of the computer. It holds the data and
instructions on which computer is currently working. Match the following
Once we turn off the computer, the data stored in RAM
will be lost. Monitor CPU
Keyboard Hard Disk
Hard Disk Processing Operating System
It is used to store data permanently. Even if we turn off Storage Input Device
the computer, the data stored in a hard disk is retained. Linux Output Device
Usually harddisk have hundreds of times more capacity
than RAM.

Software
It is a set of instructions or programs on which the
computer works. Eg: Operating System (OS), Anti Virus,
Internet Browser, Search Engine

116
 www.pschool.in/computer-5

Click the blanks and fill it with the right word.

Windows Permanent Memory 1. ________ (Software, Hardware) is a set of instructions
Keyboard Operating System on which computer works.
Motherboard Temporary Memory 2. CPU is the _____ (brain, heart) of the computer.
Hard Disk External Hardware 3. _______ (Windows, MS Word) is an example of
RAM Internal Hardware operating system.
4. ____________ (Motherboard, RAM) helps in keeping all
the internal hardwares together.
macOS Mouse 5. _________ (Hard Disk, RAM) is used to store data
Android Printer permanently.
Image to Paper Scanner 6. Hardware components that are visible to our eyes
Paper to Image Mobile OS are called ________ (external, internal) hardware.
Smartphone Desktop OS 7. To get hard copy of a computer output, we use
Desktop Touch _______ (printer, scanner).

Multiple Choice Questions Form the word using the letters.

1. CPU has a ______________. 1. An input device used to select items on the
a. Microprocessor computer screen.
b. Microphone SUEOM
c. Microcontrolller 2. An output device that gives output on paper.
INTPRRE
2. Which is not a storage device? 3. A device that helps to listen music.
a. DVD KEAPERS
b. Scanner 4. A device to view images and videos.
c. Hard disk NMROOIT
5. A device to convert the content of paper into soft
3. Which is not an operating system? copy.
a. MS word EASRCNN
b. Linux
c. Windows Light
4. What is the software that manages other softwares? Light

Light

a. Operating System Light helps us to see things around us. Sun is the

b. Anti Virus natural source of light. It emits its own light. All stars

c. CPU are natural sources of light. When natural light is not

d. Micro Processor available, we use candles, torch, bulbs, etc. These are
man-made sources of light. There are many objects

5. Which is not a part of our computer? around us which do not emit light at all such as tables,

a. Server chairs, paper and clothes. Objects that emit their own

b. Hardware light are called luminous objects while those that do not

c. Software emit their own light are called non-luminous objects. As

the moon reflects the light of the sun, it is a non-
luminous object.
117
 www.pschool.in/light-3

We can see any objects only when light falls on it and Transparent Opaque
bounces off and the light is reflected back into our eyes.
We cannot see anything in a dark room because there is
no light.
When light falls on objects, some objects allow light to
pass through them while some do not. These are called
transparent and opaque objects. Glass is transparent
whereas wood is opaque.

Shadows Select the right ones

A shadow is always formed on the opposite side of the 1. Which of the following is a natural luminous object?
source of light. The colour of the shadow is always a. candle
black. b. bulb
A shadow is formed when light cannot pass through an c. moon
object. That is, the object blocks the path of light. d. sun
Shadows also tell us that light travels in a straight line.
Light cannot bend its path. 2. Which of the following objects allow light to pass
Sometimes, shadows are long and sometimes they are through them?
short. It depends on the position of the source of light. a. opaque objects
Outdoor shadows are longer in the morning and evening b. transparent objects
and shortest at noon. c. non-luminous objects
d. luminous objects
Classify the objects based on their ability to emit light.
3. When does the length of the shadow formed by the
sun is the shortest?
candle, book, stars, sun, table, moon, fire, bulb, pencil, a. at noon
chair b. in evening
Luminous Non- luminous c. at night
d. in morning

4. Which of the following objects does not form a

shadow when light falls on it?
a. umbrella
b. glass
c. our body
d. tree
Classify the objects based on their ability to allow
light to pass through them. Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.
wood, glass, book, brick, water, air 1. A ______ is formed when an object blocks the path of
light.
2. Transparent objects do not form shadows because
light ______ through them.
3. The shadow formed due to the sun is ______ at
noon.
4. The moon shines due to the light of the ______ .

118
 www.pschool.in/light-3

5. In the evening, shadows are ______ . Sound

shadow long pass short sun We hear various types of sounds such as music, voices
of people talking, honking of horns and many more.
1. The ____________ is an example for luminous object. Sounds may or may not be pleasant to our ears. Sounds
2. A ____________ is an example for a non-luminous such as chirping of birds and various musical
object. instruments such as a flute, a guitar or drums are
3. A wall is an example for ____________ object. pleasant to our ears. On the other hand, sounds such as
4. Clean water is an example for ____________ object. horns, loud music and cutting of stones are unpleasant
5. Light travels in a ____________ line. to hear. These sounds irritate us. They are called
opaque table transparent straight sun noises.

1. The sun is a ____________ source of light. How is sound produced?

2. Objects that emit light of their own are called Sound is produced when an object vibrates on being
____________ objects. struck. For example, the sheet of the drum or strings of
3. Objects that allow light to pass through them are guitar vibrate when we strike them and they produce
called ____________ objects. sound. When we speak, the air inside our mouth strikes
4. Dark patch formed when an object blocks the path the voice box present in our throat. The voice box
of the light is called ____________ . vibrates and produces sound. We hear this sound
5. Objects that doesn't allow light to pass through them through our ears.
are called ____________ objects. Too much of sounds can create noise pollution. If our
natural shadow luminous transparent ears get exposed to heavy sounds for a long time, then
opaque it loses its hearing ability.

True or False Multiple Choice Questions

1. Light travels in a straight line. 1. Which of the following vibrates in our body to
2. The moon is a luminous object. produce sound?
3. A table is a transparent object. a. stomach
4. Moon is a non-luminous object. b. lungs
5. We cannot see through opaque objects. c. voice box
d. tongue
1. The colour of the shadow is always black.
2. Shadow is the longest at noon. 2. Sound is a form of ______.
3. Moon has light on its own. a. matter
4. We cannot see non-luminous objects. b. energy
5. We cannot see things around us in dark. c. air

Select with word with correct spelling. 3. Sound is produced by _________.

1. opaque, opack, opaq a. animals
2. transperent, transperant, transparent b. birds
3. lominous, luminous, loominous c. machine
4. reflact, reflect, raflect d. vibration
5. bounce, baunce, bounse

Sound
119
 www.pschool.in/sound-science

4. Unpleasant sounds are called _______.

a. irritation
b. headache
c. pollution
d. noise

True or False
1. Sound is a form of energy.
2.
3. We cannot hear any sound in the dark.
4. All sounds are not pleasant to ears.
5. The sound of the loudspeaker is a soft sound.
6. Sound is produced by vibration.

Fill in the blanks using the words given at the bottom.

1. Unpleasant sound is called _________ and it _________
us.
2. Too much of sound can cause noise _________ .
3. Sound is a form of _________ and it is caused by
_________ .
pollution noise vibration energy
irritates

Select with word with correct spelling.

1. polution, pollusion, pollution
2. nois, noice, noise
3. vibration, viberation, vaibration
4. pleasant, plesent, pleasent
5. chiriping, cherping, chirping

120