Name: Nguyễn Thị Quỳnh Như

What are weak forms, give the cases.

Weak forms are shorter, unstressed versions of words that are commonly used
in conversational English. They are pronounced differently than their dictionary
form and can be challenging for non-native speakers to recognize
1. ‘the’ weak forms: /δǝ/ (before consonants)
'Shut the door' /Ꞌʃʌt δǝ Ꞌdᴐ:/
/δi/ (before vowels)
'Wait for the end' /ꞋweIt fǝ δi Ꞌend/
2. ‘a’, ‘an’ weak forms: /ǝ/ (before consonants)
'Read a book‘ /Ꞌri:d ǝ Ꞌbʊk/
/ǝn/ (before vowels)
'Eat an apple' /Ꞌi:t ǝn Ꞌæpǝl/
3. ‘and’ weak form: /ǝn/ (sometimes syllabic /n̩ / if it comes after t, d, s, z, ʃ )
'Come and see' /Ꞌkʌm ǝn si:/
'Fish and chips' /ꞋfIʃ n̩ ꞋtʃIps/
4. ‘but' weak form: /bǝt/
‘It's good but expensive’ /Its Ꞌgʊd bǝt IkꞋspensIv/
5. 'that': this word only has a weak form when used in a relative clause; when
used with a demonstrative sense it is always pronounced in its strong form.
Weak form: /δǝt/
‘The price is the thing that annoys me’ /δǝ ꞋpraIs Iz δǝ ꞋϴIɳ δǝt ǝꞋnᴐIz mi/
6. ‘than' Weak form: /δǝn/
'Better than ever' /Ꞌbetǝ δǝn Ꞌevǝ/
7. 'his' (when it occurs before a noun) weak form: /Iz/ (hIz at the beginning
and end of a sentence)
'Take his name' /ꞋteIk Iz ꞋneIm/
 (Another sense of 'his', as in 'it was his', or 'his was late', always has the
strong form).
8. ‘her’: When used with a possessive sense, preceding a noun; as an object
pronoun, this can also occur at the end of a sentence (call her.) Weak forms:
/ǝ/ (before consonants) : 'Take her home' /ꞋteIk ǝ Ꞌhǝʊm/
/ǝr/ (before vowels): 'Take her out' ‘ /ꞋteIk ǝr Ꞌaʊt/
9 . 'your' weak forms:
/jǝ/ (before consonants): 'Take your time' /ꞋteIk jǝ ꞋtaIm/
/jǝr/ (before vowels): 'On your own' /Ꞌɒn jǝr Ꞌǝʊn/
10. 'she', 'he', 'we', 'you'
This group of pronouns has weak forms pronounced with weaker vowels
(neutralized) than the /i:/, /u:/ of their strong forms. There is no or little
difference in the pronunciation in different places in the sentence, except in the
case of 'he'.
a) 'she' weak forms: /ʃi/
'Why did she read it?' /ꞋwaI ꞋdId ʃi Ꞌri:d It/
'Who is she?' /Ꞌhu: Iz ʃi/
b) 'he' weak forms: /i/ (the weak form is usually pronounced
without h except at the beginning of a sentence)
'Which did he choose?’ /ꞋwItʃ ꞋdId i Ꞌtʃu:z/
'He was late, wasn't he?' /hi wǝz ꞋleIt Ꞌwɒzǝnt i/
c) 'we‘ weak forms: /wi/
'How can we get there?' /Ꞌhaʊ kǝn wi Ꞌget Ꞌδeǝ/
 'We need that, don't we?‘ /wi Ꞌni:d Ꞌδæt Ꞌdǝʊnt wi/
d) 'you' weak forms: /ju/
'What do you think?' /Ꞌwɒt dǝ ju ꞋϴIɳk/
'You like it, do you?' /ju ꞋlaIk It Ꞌdu: ju/
11. ‘him' weak form: /im/
'Leave him alone' /Ꞌli:v im ǝꞋlǝʊn/
'I've seen him' /ꞋaIv Ꞌsi:n im/
12. 'her' weak form: /ǝ/ (/hǝ/ when sentence-initial)
'Ask her to come' /Ꞌa:sk ǝ tǝ Ꞌkʌm/
'I've met her' /ꞋaIv Ꞌmet hǝ/
‘her car’ /hǝ Ꞌka:/
13. 'them' weak form: /δǝm/
'Leave them here' /Ꞌli:v δǝm ꞋhIǝ/
'Eat them' /Ꞌi:t δǝm/
14. ‘us' weak forms: /ǝs/
'Write us a letter' /ꞋraIt ǝs ǝ Ꞌletǝ/
'They invited all of us' /ꞋδeI InꞋvaItId Ꞌᴐ:l ǝv ǝs/
15. ‘at' weak form: /ǝt/
'I'll see you at lunch' /aIl Ꞌsi: ju ǝt Ꞌlʌntʃ/
/æt/ (in final position)
‘what’s he shooting at?’ /Ꞌwɒts i Ꞌʃu:tIɳ Ꞌæt/
16. ‘for' weak forms: /fǝ/ (before consonants)
'Tea for two' /Ꞌti: fǝ Ꞌtu:/
/fǝr/ (before vowels)
'Thanks for asking' /Ꞌϴæɳks fǝr Ꞌa:skIɳ/
/fᴐ:/ (in final position)
 'What's that for?’ /Ꞌwɒts Ꞌδæt fᴐ:/
17. 'from' weak form: /frǝm/
'I'm home from work' /ꞋaIm Ꞌhǝʊm frǝm Ꞌw3:k
/frɒm/ (in final position)
'Here's where it came from' /ꞋhIǝz Ꞌweǝr It ꞋkeIm Ꞌfrɒm/
18. ‘of’ weak form: /ǝv/
'Most of all' /Ꞌmǝʊst ǝv Ꞌᴐ:l/
/ɒv/ (in final position):
'Someone I've heard of’ /Ꞌsʌmwʌn aIv Ꞌh3:d Ꞌɒv/
19. ‘to' weak forms: /tǝ/ (before consonants)
'Try to stop' /ꞋtraI tǝ Ꞌstɒp/
/tu/ (before vowels)
'Time to eat' /ꞋtaIm tu Ꞌi:t/
/tu/ (it is not usual to use the strong and weak
form /tu:/ or /tǝ/ in the final position)
'I don't want to' /ꞋaI Ꞌdǝʊnt Ꞌwɒnt tu/
20. ‘as' weak forms: /ǝz/
'As much as possible' /ǝz Ꞌmʌtʃ ǝz Ꞌpɒsǝblǝl/
/æz/ (in final position)
'That's what it was sold as’ /Ꞌδæts Ꞌwɒt It wǝz Ꞌsǝʊld Ꞌæz/
21. ‘some'
 This word is used in two different ways. In one sense (typically, when it
occurs before a countable noun, meaning "an unknown individual") it has
the strong form /sʌm/:
'I think some animal broke it' /aI ꞋϴIɳk sʌm ꞋænImǝl Ꞌbrǝʊk It/
  It is also used before uncountable nouns (meaning "an unspecified
amount of") and before other nouns in the plural (meaning "an
unspecified number of"); in such uses it has the weak form /sǝm/:
'Have some more tea' /hǝv sǝm Ꞌmᴐ: Ꞌti:/

 In final position, ‘some’ makes a strong form: /sʌm/

'I've got some' /aIv Ꞌgɒt sʌm/
22. 'there'
When this word has a demonstrative function, it always occurs in its strong
form /δeǝ/ (/δeǝr/ before vowels); for example:
'There it is' /Ꞌδeǝr It Iz/
'Put it there' /Ꞌpʊt It Ꞌδeǝ/
Weak forms: /δǝ/ (before consonants)
'There should be a rule' /δǝ Ꞌʃʊd bi ǝ Ꞌru:l/
/δǝr/ (before vowels)
'There is' /Ꞌδǝr Iz/
In final position: the pronunciation may be /δǝ/ or /δeǝ/ .
'There isn't any, is there?' /δǝr ꞋIzǝnt eni Iz δǝ/ or /δǝr ꞋIzǝnt eni Iz δeǝ/
**23 'CAN', 'COULD'**
- *Weak forms:*
- "They can wait" /ðeɪ kən weɪt/
- "He could do it" /hi kʊd du ɪt/
- *In final position:*
- "I think we can" /aɪ θɪŋk wi kæn/
- "Most of them could" /moʊst əv ðəm kʊd/
* 24 'HAVE', 'HAS', 'HAD'**
- *Weak forms: (with initial in initial position)*
- "Which have you seen?" /wɪtʃ hæv ju sɪn/
- "Which has been best?" /wɪtʃ hæz bɪn bɛst/
- "Most had gone home" /moʊst hæd ɡɒn hoʊm/
- *In final position:*
- "Yes, we have" /jɛs wi hæv/
- "I think she has" /aɪ θɪŋk ʃi hæz/
- "I thought we had" /aɪ θɔt wi hæd/
**25 'SHALL', 'SHOULD'**
- *Weak forms:*
- "We shall need to hurry" /wi ʃæl nid tu ˈhʌri/
- "I should forget it" /aɪ ʃʊd fərˈɡɛt ɪt/
- *In final position:*
- "I think we shall" /aɪ θɪŋk wi ʃæl/
- "So you should" /soʊ ju ʃʊd/
**26 'MUST'**
- *Weak forms: (before consonants)*
- "You must try harder" /ju mʌst traɪ ˈhɑrdər/
- *Before vowels*
- "He must eat more" /hi mʌst it mɔr/
- *In final position:*
- "She certainly must" /ʃi ˈsɜrtənli mʌst/
**27 'DO', 'DOES'**
- *Weak forms:*
- *DO (before consonants)*
 - "Why do they like it?" /waɪ du ðeɪ laɪk ɪt/
- *Before vowels*
- "Why do all the cars stop?" /waɪ du ɔl ðə kɑrz stɑp/
- *DOES*
- "When does it arrive?" /wɛn dʌz ɪt əˈraɪv/
- *In final position:*
- "We don't smoke, but some people do" /wi doʊnt smoʊk bət səm ˈpipəl du/
- "I think John does" /aɪ θɪŋk ʤɑn dʌz/
**28 'AM, 'ARE', 'WAS', 'WERE'**
- *Weak forms: (before vowels)*
- "Why am I here?" /waɪ æm aɪ hɪr/
- "The coats are in there" /ðə koʊts ər ɪn ðɛr/
- "The questions were easy" /ðə ˈkwɛsʧənz wər ˈizi/
- *Before consonants*
- "Here are the plates" /hɪr ər ðə pleɪts/
- "He was here a minute ago" /hi wəz hɪr ə ˈmɪnɪt əˈɡoʊ/
- "The papers were late" /ðə ˈpeɪpərz wər leɪt/
- *In final position:*
- "She's not as old as I am" /ʃiz nɑt æz oʊld æz aɪ æm/
- "I know the Smiths are" /aɪ noʊ ðə smɪθs ər/
- "The last record was" /ðə læst rɪˈkɔrd wəz/
- "They weren't as cold as we were" /ðeɪ wərənt æz koʊld æz wi wər/