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Complex Numbers Lesson

A complex number is a number that can be written in the form z=a+bi, where a and b are real numbers and i satisfies the equation x2=-1. The conjugate of a complex number a+bi is a-bi. The modulus or magnitude of a complex number z=a+bi is |z|=√(a2+b2) and represents the distance from z to the origin in the complex plane. The argument of z, denoted arg z or θ, is the angle that the line from the origin to the point representing z makes with the positive real axis in radians. Complex numbers can be expressed in trigonometric form as z=r(cosθ + i sinθ)

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25 views1 page

Complex Numbers Lesson

A complex number is a number that can be written in the form z=a+bi, where a and b are real numbers and i satisfies the equation x2=-1. The conjugate of a complex number a+bi is a-bi. The modulus or magnitude of a complex number z=a+bi is |z|=√(a2+b2) and represents the distance from z to the origin in the complex plane. The argument of z, denoted arg z or θ, is the angle that the line from the origin to the point representing z makes with the positive real axis in radians. Complex numbers can be expressed in trigonometric form as z=r(cosθ + i sinθ)

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COMPLEX NUMBERS Lesson

DEFINITION CONJUGATE
A complex number is a number that can be written in the form The conjugate of a complex number a+ bi is
z=a+bi, where a and b are real numbers, and i satisfies the a−bi . It is often written with a bar over it:
equation x ²=−1. a+ bi=a−bi .

MODULUS (or magnitude)


Let z=a+bi.
The modulus of z is denoted |z| or r and
|z|=r=√ a ²+ b ² .
a is called the real part of z , and is denoted by ℜ(z). It is the distance to the origin of the point
b is called the imaginary part of z , and is denoted by ℑ(z). representing z in the complex plane.

If a=0, z is purely imaginary.


If b=0, z is purely real.

THE COMPLEX PLANE (or Argand plane) ARGUMENT (or phase)


Let P be the point in the complex plane
representing z .
The argument of z , denoted by a rg z or θ , is
the angle that line OP makes with the
positive part of the real axis.

Note that θ is in radians.


-> principal argument if θ ∈¿

TRIGONOMETRIC FORM POLAR FORM

z=r ( cosθ+i sinθ) z=r e


iθ

The following equations relate a , b , r ∧θ: Note that |eiθ|=1 .


a=r cos θ
b=r sin θ

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