KINETIK, Vol. 3, No. 1, February 2018, Pp.

17-26
ISSN : 2503-2259
E-ISSN : 2503-22677 17
Queue Tree Implementation for Bandwidth Management in
Modern Campus Network Architecture

Rifki Indra Perwira*1, Febri Liantoni2

1
UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta, 2 Adhi Tama Institute Surabaya
rifki@upnyk.ac.id*1, febri.liantoni@gmail.com2

Abstract
Bandwidth management in an institution becomes a fundamental need that must be
managed properly. The continuous increase in the number of user, data and hardware
technologies result in unequal distribution and bandwidth absorption. The increasingly diverse
needs of the users in the virtual world require refined setting of bandwidth scheme. If bandwidth
is not set properly, bandwidth can be accessed by multiple users. Institutions engaged in
education consist of several parties such as employees, teachers and students (called student
body). Queue implementation is a technique of dividing bandwidth according to the proportional
needs of its users; moreover, this technique is able to work flexibly to organize and allocate
bandwidth to end users. The ease of adding and reducing the amount of bandwidth becomes its
main feature. The concept of campus network adopted from a Cisco fundamental system can
serve as one model that can optimize the infrastructure and the distribution of bandwidth to end
users. The method used in this research is employing direct observation, conducting interviews
for problem identification and assigning the Internet service requirement and the availability of
hardware and software resources. The optimization of bandwidth management by considering
student body becomes the main objective. The implementation of queue on each network allows
the distribution of bandwidth conforming the user satisfaction. Based on user satisfaction survey
result, the user satisfaction level of Queue Tree implementation reached 59.2%.

Keywords: Bandwidth, Queue, Campus Network, The Internet, Cisco Fundamental System

1. Introduction
1.1 Background
Internet related needs have become a primary and fundamental demands for human
beings. Syarifuddin [1] stated that one of the three students and professionals considered the
Internet to be as important as water, air, shelter, and food, explaining the requirement of
bandwidth, especially the Internet, is very important in their life. Furthermore, the increasing
requirement and utilization of Internet technology causes the demand in a large bandwidth
allocation by its users to support all activities in cyberspace.
The users’ demand to get uninterruptable and fast Internet access should be viewed from
the aspect of bandwidth volume subscribed to an institution. Although the Internet has become a
fundamental need like air, water, food, and shelter, its provision is still considered very expensive.
The Internet has a pivotal role in various fields including in educational institutions.
Various services and flexibility provided by bandwidth can certainly facilitate business and
transaction processes in an educational institution. In addition, the Internet is also utilized to obtain
the latest updates of research journal and community services as well as to publish the results of
its publication. With the increasing number of resources and the rapid growth of smartphone users
with various supporting applications, indirectly leading to bandwidth requirement increase.
Bandwidth, when simultaneously used by a large number of users, will experience
declining ability impacting the quality of service commonly considered as undesirable. In this case,
of course, good management in bandwidth allocation will be required. If there are no bandwidth
rules or management, some users may abuse or dominate bandwidth usage by downloading
large files. While other users browsing the Internet will experience longer period in accessing and
opening sites. In addition to optimizing bandwidth management, arrangements need to be
executed to support higher education activities exemplified by uploading or downloading related
academic materials such as journals, research reports and community services.

Liantoni, F., & Perwira, R. (2017). Queue Tree Implementation for Bandwidth Management in
Modern Campus Network Architecture. Kinetik : Game Technology, Information System,
Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control, 3(1).
Paper submitted on June 11, 2017; Revision on 26 July, 2017; Received July 31, 2017
18 ISSN: 2503-2259; E-ISSN: 2503-2267
Limiting the bandwidth volume to the end users and performing balanced bandwidth
become two most favorable advantages. Bandwidth will automatically set up and down based on
the number of active users. Therefore, the need to study queue implementation for bandwidth
management at educational institutions implemented in modern campus network architecture is
vital.

1.2 Literature Review

A relevant research on this topic has been done by Gunawan entitled Queue Tree
Implementation for Optimizing Bandwidth Management on Seven Net Semarang [2]. Bandwidth
management is a process of measuring and controlling communications (traffics and packets) on
a network link, to avoid overfilling links. Establishing appropriate allocation or bandwidth setting
using a MikroTikPC router becomes the main purpose of this study. Bandwidth management
provides the ability to manage network bandwidth and provide services according to the
customers’ needs and priorities. The methods used are Queue Tree and Per Connection Queue.
The research steps cover analyzing the old system, making priority scale and configuring
MikroTik. From the result of tests conducted on the implementation of Bandwidth Management
using MikroTik, satisfactory results are obtained. In detail, the bandwidth obtained by the three
PC testers has similar average bandwidth amount, approximately 300 kbps, showing evenly
distributed bandwidth.
Another study conducted by Wibowo [3] discussing the optimization of Internet bandwidth
management using RB450G router took the case at the forest research development office. In his
research, Wibowo used an observation method by having direct observation, conducting interview
for problem identification and finding the needs of Internet services and the availability of
hardware and software resources. Moreover, questionnaires were used to acquire the users’
perception in the office area as well as the evaluation of the results of the implementation of
Internet bandwidth management optimization. The result of this research is the improvement of
the priority level obtained from the comparison of service quality parameters before and after
optimization. Some differences are recognized: having an increase of download speed as much
as 0.03 Mbps, 4.05 Ms smaller latency, smaller packet loss by 2.21%. Meanwhile, the results of
the questionnaire showed 65% of users quite satisfied with the results of after bandwidth
optimization.
Based on Darmawan’s study entitled The Bandwidth Management Queue Tree vs.
Simple Queue, some parameters such as delay, jitter, packet loss and throughput are calculated
[4]. The result shows greater throughput than bandwidth management using Queue Tree. The
delay generated from using Simple Queue is greater than using Queue Tree. Average jitter
between Simple Queue and Queue Tree does not show significant differences. Simple Queue
feature generates a larger percentage of packet loss than that of Queue Tree. There are several
things affecting the results of this experiment, including the algorithm used in the Simple Queue
and Queue Tree that affects the throughputs from both methods. Furthermore, the protocol used
in experimental scenarios in this case is ICMP protocol suggesting to the existing delays.
Moreover, UDP protocol is also employed leading to data jitter and packet loss being
connectionless oriented. This study also employed software and the creation of computer network
topology.
Hizbullah conducted a study entitled Bandwidth Management using RB750 with Queue
Tree Method with Various Priority Levels and Testing Pornographic Content Filtering and
Pornography Using DNS Newsletter [5]. This research uses stress test method. Stress testing is
executed by accessing some web addresses that have been filtered by MikroTik on the computer
provided in a cafe either by using browsers or by using additional programs. Testing bandwidth
management is performed by downloading data simultaneously using multiple computers. The
results showed that the pornography and porno-action related contents can be more optimally
filtered, but the configuration becomes more complicated.

1.3 Theory
1.3.1 Computer Network
Computer networking, being a computer and communication technology with a single
computer model serving all the computational tasks of an organization, has now been replaced
with a collection of separate computers but are interconnected in performing their tasks [6].
Computer networks allow the utilization of shared computer equipment of various brands, which
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originally spread in various rooms, units, and departments so as to increase the effectiveness of
resources used.

1.3.2 Bandwidth
According to Williams and Stacey, the definition of bandwidth is the frequency, range, or
band (bandwidth of the transmission medium) carried over a period of time [7]. In general, there
are two bandwidth types, narrow bandwidth and broad bandwidth, which can be expressed both
in hertz and also in bits per second (bps). Although the current Indonesian price of Internet
bandwidth is getting cheaper, the price generally can be considered as still quite expensive.
Hence, bandwidth leasing rates cannot be said cheap. The greater the volume of bandwidth also
affects the greater the cost incurred. Therefore, bandwidth subscribed by an institution needs to
be arranged in more effective and efficient way. In other words, similar to a large highway passed
by various kinds and great number of vehicles (vehicle = data), the bigger the road, the more
vehicles can be accommodated. Conversely, a smaller road with a big number of vehicles will
easily experience a bottleneck.

1.3.3 Queue Tree

Queue Tree is a menu on routers to perform bandwidth management for complex network
scenarios [3]. The Queue Tree configuration is a one-way queue configuration meaning that a
queue configuration will only be able to queue 1 (one) way traffic type of download or upload
traffic only. Thus, to control traffic download and upload traffic, it takes 2 (two) queue
configurations. The top-down and the bottom-up principle of executing queue configurations
cannot be applied to the Queue Tree because the queue configuration will be executed
simultaneously, leading to the sequence configuration in this menu having no effect on the desired
bandwidth management results.

1.3.4 Campus Network

Parquet and Teare in a book entitled Campus Network Design Fundamentals said the
design of the campus network hierarchy is also called Cisco hierarchical design describing a
network map being smaller (cluster) and more manageable [8]. Each level or layer in the modern
campus network hierarchy is focused on a specific role. By separating the existing various
functions on the network, the network design becomes modular so as to facilitate scalability and
performance. In turns, this helps the network design or network architect to optimize and select
the suitable hardware. The campus network hierarchy can be seen in Figure 1.

Figure 1. The Hierarchical Model of Modern Campus [8]

Queue Tree Implementation for Bandwidth Management in…

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2. Research Methods
The method used in this research covers literature study and SDLC (System
Development Life Cycle) methodology of a computer network model which includes Planning,
Analysis, Design, Implementation, Support [9], while the research flow is presented in Figure 2.
At The research undertaken referred to the configuration of the research that was done earlier in
2015 [10]. The implementation is also carried out survey results of implementation to determine
the level of satisfaction.

Figure 2. Research Flow

The flow of this research covers two parts, primary materials and secondary materials.
Primary materials consist of (1) document management of network infrastructure; and (2) data
obtained directly from the object, the results of observation, and interviews. Meanwhile, the
secondary materials are obtained from related literature and previous research.

3. Results and Discussion

3.1 Topology
Campus network has three layers consisting of core, distribution, and access. The core
layer is the topmost layer dealing directly with the Internet as an internal gateway. Distribution
layer is a layer being in the middle of the core layer and access layer distributing the packets
based on broadcast domains that have been configured by the network administrator. Meanwhile,
the access layer is a layer located playing the part as a dealer access to the end user.
The position of MikroTik management bandwidth is located under the access switch for
each department and under the main router for central management. This research using
topology that shown in Figure 3.

3.2 Volume Bandwidth

Bandwidth allocation was adjusted according to the student body’s volume and priority.
This arrangement was applied to maintain equity based on the volume of bandwidth subscribed.
The division of bandwidth based on the student body is illustrated by Table 1.

3.3 Queue Tree

Bandwidth distribution was managed using Queue Tree having more complicated
implementation because of separate upload and download functions. The implementation of
bandwidth distribution was arranged based on faculty and then managed in detail based on its
majors. This division was based on the student body that had been implemented in the previous

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stage or based on specific request according to the requirement of certain events. The following
Figure 4 shows the download Queue Tree view for each department.

Figure 3. Topology Used [10]

Table 1. Bandwidth Distribution

Student
No Study Program BW(Kbps)
Body
1. Agrotechnology 695 10000
2. Agrobusiness 516 4000
3. Management 1808 14888
4. Economic development 336 3696
5. Accounting 984 10824
6. International Relations 753 8283
Business
7. 520 5720
Administration
8. Communication 1027 3000
9. Geological Engineering 809 3000
10. Mining Engineering 825 9075
11. Petroleum Engineering 744 8184
Environment
12. 530 5830
Engineering
Geophysical
13. 360 3960
Engineering
14. Chemical Engineering 921 10131
15. Industrial Engineering 665 7315
Informatics
16. 727 14000
Engineering
17. D3 Chemistry 172 1892
18. Rectorate 50 31000
Other Technical
19. 100 31000
Implementation Units
Information and
20. Communication 20 20000
Technologies
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Figure 4. Queue Tree Download

Table 1 becomes the reference of bandwidth required for each department. At the time
of implementation, it does not have to follow the figures in Table 1. The implementation
requirements were adjusted to the conditions in the field. The Queue Tree download is used to
filter activity of a bandwidth quantity during download activity. Figure 5 below presents the Queue
Tree upload view.

Figure 5. Queue Tree Upload

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3.4 Bandwidth Configuration
The bandwidth reconfiguration procedure can be executed for policy reasons. The policy
provides 2 Kbps for each student based on the student body and SLA (Service Level Agreement)
subscribed. This volume is considered still very far from ideal. Thus, it should be increased in the
future in enhancing services to academic community. In increasing and reducing the bandwidth
can be executed using WinBox software as illustrated in Figure 6.

Figure 6. The Bandwidth Reconfiguration

In Figure 6, for example, the Faculty of Industrial Engineering Department with an initial
position is given a minimum limit at 1 Mbps and the maximum limit of 3 Mbps. To change the
volume of bandwidth to suit the needs, the users can press the triangle mark symbol next to it
and change the desired number. The limit at 1 M means that the minimum bandwidth received by
the FTI study program is 1 Mbps while for Max Limit (highest limit) is configured at 3 Mbps. These
numbers can be reconfigured to suit specific needs and conditions.

3.5 Test Results

The results of the test speed present good operation of the bandwidth implemented in the
previous stage. For example, the speed test using an Internet connected notebook executed on
Friday, June 2, 2017 can be seen in Figure 7.

Figure 7. The Test Results Using speedtest.net

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Figure 7 shows the results of the download speed test using the URL http://speedtest.net.
The test was executed in Informatics Engineering Department which previously had configured
its bandwidth on MikroTik with a volume of 14 Mbps (referring to Table 1). Figure 7 illustrates the
speed test findings by 13.23 Mbps download speed and 14.37 Mbps upload speed. The
references [10] suggest MikroTik has the ability not only to optimize bandwidth usage but also to
manage bandwidth in maintaining its efficiency [6], proven by a few wasted packets.

3.6 User Satisfaction Result

From the series of research stages that had been completed according to Figure 2, the
last research flow was tested after setting configuration. After the test configuration was finished
in two ways using the speedtest.net tool (Figure 7) and using the satisfaction survey (Table 2),
the satisfaction survey was conducted to determine the level of user satisfaction with more evenly
bandwidth management using the queue based on the student body. This survey takes form of
questions completed by the users with four assessment parameters, ranging from Very Satisfied,
Satisfied/Good, Fair and Not Satisfied.
Three assessed questions that should be responded by the users are as follows:
1. How is the speed of Internet access on an important application?
2. How is the quality of the Internet network services perceived after being managed?
3. How is the appropriacy of bandwidth distribution based on the student body?

The results of this survey are presented in Table 2.

Table 2. User Satisfaction Result

Results
No Questions Very Not
Satisfied Fair
Satisfied Satisfied
11 The speed of Internet access 5 (5%) 65 (65%) 20 (20%) 10 (10%)
to access applications
22 The quality of Internet 2 (2%) 58 (58%) 25 (25%) 15 (15%)
network service after being
managed
33 The bandwidth distribution 0 (0%) 55 (55%) 25 (25%) 20 (20%)
based on student body
Average 3.5% 59.2% 23.3% 15%

Based on Table 2, the results of user satisfaction on the implementation of this queue
prompt by 59.2% Good or Satisfied responses and 15% of Unsatisfied feedbacks.

4. Conclusion
The conclusions of this study are as follows:
1. The level of user satisfaction is 59.2%.
2. The ability to provide more flexible bandwidth uptake by configuring MikroTik leading to small
packet loss.
3. The distribution of bandwidth volume based on the student body has not provided overall user
satisfaction.

References
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Importance of Internet and Network as the Common Man Needs,” 2011, Quoted from
http://www.jagatreview.com/2011/09/pr-udara-makanan-air-Internet-%E2%80%93-
penelitian-cisco-mengungkapkan-betapa-pentingnya-Internet-dan-jaringan-sebagai-
kebutuhan-mendasar-dalam-kehidupan-sehari-hari/ accessed on May 1, 2017, on 09.00.
[2] Gunawan, A., B., “The Implementation of Queue Tree to Optimize Bandwidth management
on Seven Net Semarang,” 2014, quoted from
http://eprints.dinus.ac.id/13489/2/abstrak_14171.pdf / accessed on Mei 5, 2017, on 13.30.
[3] Wibowo, E., “Bandwidth management Optimization using MikroTik RB450G (A Case Study
at the Office of Center for Biotechnology Research and Forest Plant Breeding (BBPBPTH),”
2014, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
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[4] Darmawan, E., Purnama, I., Mahardika, T., I., R. “Bandwidth Manajemen Queue Tree vs.
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December 2012.
[6] Tanenbaum, A., S., “Computer Network,” 5th edition, Prentice Hall, 2010.
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to Computers & Communications,” Vol. 9E, 2009.
[8] Teare, D., & Paquet, C., “Campus Network Design Fundamentals,” eBook cisco, Cisco
Press, 2005.
[9] Baras, J., & Shah, P., “Developing Network Fault Management System using SDLC
Methodology,” University of Maryland College Park, 1996. URL http://
www.isr.umd.edu/~baras/publications/dissertations/1996/96-MS-Shah.pdf
[10] Santosa, B., & Perwira, R., I., “Computer Network Infrastructure Design and Development
using Modern Campus Network Method," Proceeding of research results and services of The
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[11] Haimi, A., “The Influence of Bandwidth Restriction to Network Performance,” National
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