What Does Web Mean?

The Web is the common name for the World Wide Web, a subset of the
Internet consisting of the pages that can be accessed by a Web
browser. Many people assume that the Web is the same as the
Internet, and use these terms interchangeably. However, the term
Internet actually refers to the global network of servers that makes the
information sharing that happens over the Web possible. So, although
the Web does make up a large portion of the Internet, but they are not
one and same.

Website

is a location on web and is hosted on a web server. It is a set of related

web pages. It is accessed using Internet.

Static Websites

Static websites are also known as flat or stationary websites. They are
loaded on the client’s browser as exactly they are stored on the web
server. Such websites contain only static information. User can only
read the information but can’t do any modification or interact with the
information.

Static websites are created using only HTML. Static websites are only
used when the information is no more required to be modified.
Dynamic Websites

Dynamic websites shows different information at different point of

time. It is possible to change a portion of a web page without loading
the entire web page. It has been made possible using Ajax technology.

Server-side dynamic web page

It is created by using server-side scripting. There are server-side

scripting parameters that determine how to assemble a new web page
which also include setting up of more client-side processing.

Client-side dynamic web page

It is processed using client side scripting such as JavaScript. And then

passed in to Document Object Model (DOM).
Web development

Web development refers to building website and deploying on the web.

Web development requires use of scripting languages both at the
server end as well as at client end.
Before developing a web site once should keep several aspects in
mind like:

 What to put on the web site?

 Who will host it?

 How to make it interactive?

 How to code it?

 How to create search engine friendly web site?

 How to secure the source code frequently?

 Will the web site design display well in different browsers?

 Will the navigation menus be easy to use?

 Will the web site loads quickly?

 How easily will the site pages print?

 How easily will visitors find important details specific to the web
site?

 How effectively the style sheets be used on your web sites?

Web Development Process

Web development process includes all the steps that are good to take
to build an attractive, effective and responsive website. These steps are
shown in the following diagram:
Skills Required
For being a successful web developer, one should possess the following
skills:

 Understanding of client and server side scripting.

 Creating, editing and modifying templates for a CMS or web

development framework.

 Testing cross browser inconsistencies.

 Conducting observational user testing.

 Testing for compliance to specified standards such as accessibility

standards in the client region.

 Programming interaction with java Script, PHP, and J query etc

domain and hosting

The main difference between domain and hosting is that domain is the
address, which allows a visitor to easily find your website online, while
hosting is where the website files are stored.

What Is a Domain Name?

A domain name is the address of your website that people type in the
browser’s URL bar to visit your website.

In other words, if your website were a house, then your domain name
would be its address.

Now, let’s get into the detailed explanation.

The internet is basically a giant network of computers connected to

each other through cables. To easily identify them, each computer is
assigned a series of numbers called IP Addresses.

This IP address is a combination of numbers separated by dots.

Typically, IP addresses look like this:

66.249.66.1

Computers have no problem identifying and remembering these

numbers. However, humans can’t remember and use these numbers to
connect to websites on the internet.

To solve this problem, domain names were invented.

How Do Domain Names Actually Work?

To understand how domain names actually work, we will take a look at

what happens when you enter it in your browser.
When you enter a domain name in your web browser, it first sends a
request to a global network of servers that form the Domain Name
System (DNS).

These servers then look up the name servers or DNS servers associated
with the domain and forward the request to those name servers.

For example, if your website is hosted on Blue host, then its name
server information will have DNS records like this:

ns1.bluehost.com
ns2.bluehost.com
These name servers are computers managed by your hosting company.
Your hosting provider will forward your request to the computer where
your website is stored.

This computer is called a web server. It has special software installed

(Apache and Nginx are two popular web server software).

The web server now fetches the web page and pieces of information
associated with it.

Finally, it then sends this data back to the user’s browser.

How is Domain Name Different from a Website and Web Hosting?

A website is made up of files like HTML pages, website builder

software, images, and more. It gives you and your business an online
presence.

If the domain name is the web address of your website, then web
hosting is the home where your website lives.
This is the actual computer where your website’s files are stored. Such
computers are called servers, and they are offered as a service by
hosting companies.

To create your website, you need both domain name and web hosting.
You need both of them to make any kind of website, whether it’s a
personal, small business website, or an e-Commerce store.

However, it’s important to remember that they are two separate

services, and you can buy them from two different companies.

Now you may be wondering, how would it work if you bought them
from two separate companies?

You just need to edit your domain name settings and enter the Name
Server information provided by your hosting company. Name Server
information defines where to send user requests for your domain
name.

We recommend getting both your domain name and hosting from the
same company. This allows you to easily manage them under the same
account.

Different Types of Domain Names

Domain names are available in many different extensions. The most

popular one is .com

Web hosting is a service of providing online space for storage of web

pages. These web pages are made available via World Wide Web. The
companies which offer website hosting are known as Web hosts.
The servers on which web site is hosted remain switched on 24 x7.
These servers are run by web hosting companies. Each server has its
own IP address. Since IP addresses are difficult to remember therefore,
webmaster points their domain name to the IP address of the server
their website is stored on.

It is not possible to host your website on your local computer, to do so

you would have to leave your computer on 24 hours a day. This is not
practical and cheaper as well. This is where web hosting companies
comes in.

Web Hosting is a service that allows hosting/post-web-server

applications( website or web page ) on a computer system through
which web-browser clients can have easy access to electronic content
on the Internet.
Web Server or Web Host is a computer system that provide web
hosting. When Internet user’s want to view your website, all they need
to do is type your website address or domain into their browser. The
user’s computer will then connect to your server and your web pages
will be delivered to them through the browser. Basically, the web
hosts allow the customers to place documents, such as HTML pages,
graphics, and other multimedia files, etc. onto a special type of
computer called a web server. It provides a constant and high-speed
connection to the backbone of the Internet.
Different types of Web hosting services are listed below:
 Free Hosting
 Virtual or Shared Hosting
 Dedicated Hosting
 Co-location Hosting
 Free Hosting:
 This is a free non-paid web hosting service. This type of hosting is
available with many prominent sites that offer to host some web
pages for no cost
 Advantages :
 Free of cost
 Use websites to place advertisements. banners and other
forms of advertising media
Disadvantages:
 Customer support is missing
 Low bandwidth and lesser data transfer
 No control over your website
 Shared/Virtual Hosting:
It’s a web hosting service where many websites reside on one web
server connected to the internet. This type of hosting is provided
under one’s own domain name, www.yourname.com. With a
hosting plan with the web hosting company, one can present
oneself as a fully independent identity to his/her web audience.
Advantages:
 Easy and affordable.
 Secured by hosting provider.
 24/7 Technical support.
Disadvantages:
 Shared resources can slow down the whole server
 Less flexible than dedicated hosting
 Dedicated Hosting:
Hosted on a dedicated server, this type of hosting is best suited for
large websites with high traffic. In this, the company wishing to go
online rents an entire web server from a hosting company. This is
suitable for companies hosting larger websites, maintaining others’
sites or managing a big online mall, etc like Google Cloud.
 Advantages:
 Ideal for large business.
 Strong database support.
 Unlimited software support.
 Powerful e-mail solutions.
 Complete root access to your servers.
Disadvantages:
 Its very expensive.
 Requires superior skill sets.
 Co-located Hosting:
This hosting lets you place your own web server on the premises of
a service provider. It is similar to that of dedicated hosting except
for the fact that the server is now provided by the user-company
itself and its physical needs are met by the hosting company like
AWS.
Advantages:
 Greater Bandwidth High Up-Time.
 Unlimited Software Options.
 High Security.
Disadvantages:
 Difficult to configure and debug.
 It’s expensive.
 Require high skills.

Web Hosting Companies

Following are the several companies offering web hosting service:

S.N. Hosting Company

1. Blue Host

2. Go Daddy

3. Host Gator

4. just Host

5. Laughing Squid

6. Hivelocity

7. liquid Web

8. Media TempleServInt

9. Wired Tree

10. Wild West Domains

11. Wix

12. WIPL

13. Big Rock

What is Responsive Web Design?

  Responsive web design makes your web page look good on all
devices.
 Responsive web design uses only HTML and CSS.
 Responsive web design is not a program or a JavaScript.

Designing For The Best Experience For All Users

Web pages can be viewed using many different devices: desktops,

tablets, and phones. Your web page should look good, and be easy to
use, regardless of the device.

Web pages should not leave out information to fit smaller devices, but
rather adapt its content to fit any device.

It is called responsive web design when you use CSS and HTML to
resize, hide, shrink, enlarge, or move the content to make it look good
on any screen.
 HTML
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, which is the most
widely used language on Web to develop web pages. HTML was
created by Berners-Lee in late 1991 but "HTML 2.0" was the first
standard HTML specification which was published in 1995. HTML 4.01
was a major version of HTML and it was published in late 1999. Though
HTML 4.01 version is widely used but currently we are having HTML-5
version which is an extension to HTML 4.01, and this version was
published in 2012.

Why to Learn HTML?

Originally, HTML was developed with the intent of defining the

structure of documents like headings, paragraphs, lists, and so forth to
facilitate the sharing of scientific information between researchers.
Now, HTML is being widely used to format web pages with the help of
different tags available in HTML language.

HTML is a MUST for students and working professionals to become a

great Software Engineer specially when they are working in Web
Development Domain. I will list down some of the key advantages of
learning HTML:
 Create Web site - You can create a website or customize an
existing web template if you know HTML well.
  Become a web designer - If you want to start a carrer as a
professional web designer, HTML and CSS designing is a must
skill.
 Understand web - If you want to optimize your website, to boost
its speed and performance, it is good to know HTML to yield
best results.
 Learn other languages - Once you understands the basic of HTML
then other related technologies like javascript, php, or angular
are become easier to understand.

Hello World using HTML.

Just to give you a little excitement about HTML, I'm going to give you a
small conventional HTML Hello World program, You can try it using
Demo link.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Hello, World!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>Hello World!</p>
</body>
</html>

Applications of HTML

As mentioned before, HTML is one of the most widely used language

over the web. I'm going to list few of them here:

 Web pages development - HTML is used to create pages which

are rendered over the web. Almost every page of web is having
html tags in it to render its details in browser.
  Internet Navigation - HTML provides tags which are used to
navigate from one page to another and is heavily used in internet
navigation.
 Responsive UI - HTML pages now-a-days works well on all
platform, mobile, tabs, desktop or laptops owing to responsive
design strategy.

 Offline support HTML pages once loaded can be made available
offline on the machine without any need of internet.
 Game development- HTML5 has native support for rich
experience and is now useful in gaming developent arena as well.

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, and it is the most widely
used language to write Web Pages.

 Hypertext refers to the way in which Web pages (HTML

documents) are linked together. Thus, the link available on a
webpage is called Hypertext.
 As its name suggests, HTML is a Markup Language which means
you use HTML to simply "mark-up" a text document with tags that
tell a Web browser how to structure it to display.

Originally, HTML was developed with the intent of defining the

structure of documents like headings, paragraphs, lists, and so forth to
facilitate the sharing of scientific information between researchers.

Now, HTML is being widely used to format web pages with the help of
different tags available in HTML language.

Basic HTML Document

In its simplest form, following is an example of an HTML document −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
<title>This is document title</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>Document content goes here.....</p>
</body>

</html>

HTML Tags

As told earlier, HTML is a markup language and makes use of various

tags to format the content. These tags are enclosed within angle
braces <Tag Name>. Except few tags, most of the tags have their
corresponding closing tags. For example, <html> has its closing
tag </html> and <body> tag has its closing tag </body> tag etc.

Above example of HTML document uses the following tags −

Sr.No Tag & Description

<!DOCTYPE...>
1
This tag defines the document type and HTML version.
<html>

2 This tag encloses the complete HTML document and

mainly comprises of document header which is
represented by <head>...</head> and document body
which is represented by <body>...</body> tags.
 <head>
3
This tag represents the document's header which can
keep other HTML tags like <title>, <link> etc.
<title>
4
The <title> tag is used inside the <head> tag to mention
the document title.
<body>
5
This tag represents the document's body which keeps
other HTML tags like <h1>, <div>, <p> etc.
<h1>
6
This tag represents the heading.
<p>
7
This tag represents a paragraph.

To learn HTML, you will need to study various tags and understand how
they behave, while formatting a textual document. Learning HTML is
simple as users have to learn the usage of different tags in order to
format the text or images to make a beautiful webpage.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends to use lowercase

tags starting from HTML 4.

HTML Document Structure

A typical HTML document will have the following structure −

<html>
 <head>
Document header related tags
</head>

<body>
Document body related tags
</body>

</html>

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration tag is used by the web browser to

understand the version of the HTML used in the document. Current
version of HTML is 5 and it makes use of the following declaration −

<!DOCTYPE html>

There are many other declaration types which can be used in HTML
document depending on what version of HTML is being used. We will
see more details on this while discussing <!DOCTYPE...> tag along with
other HTML tags.

Heading Tags

Any document starts with a heading. You can use different sizes for
your headings. HTML also has six levels of headings, which use the
elements <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, and <h6>. While displaying any
heading, browser adds one line before and one line after that heading.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Heading Example</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>
<h4>This is heading 4</h4>
<h5>This is heading 5</h5>
<h6>This is heading 6</h6>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result −

Paragraph Tag

The <p> tag offers a way to structure your text into different
paragraphs. Each paragraph of text should go in between an opening
<p> and a closing </p> tag as shown below in the example −

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Paragraph Example</title>
 </head>

<body>
<p>Here is a first paragraph of text.</p>
<p>Here is a second paragraph of text.</p>
<p>Here is a third paragraph of text.</p>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result −

Line Break Tag

Whenever you use the <br /> element, anything following it starts from
the next line. This tag is an example of an empty element, where you
do not need opening and closing tags, as there is nothing to go in
between them.

The <br /> tag has a space between the characters br and the forward
slash. If you omit this space, older browsers will have trouble rendering
the line break, while if you miss the forward slash character and just
use <br> it is not valid in XHTML.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Line Break Example</title>
</head>

<body>
<p>Hello<br />
You delivered your assignment ontime.<br />
 Thanks<br />
Mahnaz</p>
</body>
</html>