MODULE LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS AND PLANNING WITH CRIME MAPPING
CHAPTER 4:
4: Police Patrol
Objective:
1. Classify the different method of police
patrol.
Methods of Police Patrol
Foot Patrol – is assigned to an area of crowded population such as downtown,
heavy traffic congestion and other places.
- Is the most expensive type of patrol in terms of human
resources.
- Is the most common and best known methods of patrol.
Types of Foot Patrol
a. Fixed foot patrol – is used for traffic, surveillance, parades and
special events.
b. Moving foot patrol – is used when there is foot movement such as
business, shopping center and family dwelling.
c. Line beat patrol – is used in securing certain portion of the road.
d. Random foot patrol –is used in checking residential building,
business establishment, dark alley and parking lots.
Advantages of Foot Patrol
1. It can enter small alleys and side streets.
2. It provides closer observation of person and thing
3. It can provide immediate traffic control when it is needed
4. It maintain better personal contact with citizen and develop
community relations
5. By the use of a two –way radio, it can maintain communications
with the department and the mobile unit.
Disadvantages of Foot Patrol
1. Slow response time
2. Low mobility
3. Cannot be employed during bad weather
4. It requires huge amount of personnel.
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https://www.efficientgov.com/public-safety/articles/3-pros-cons-
of-police-foot-patrols-TlNWjcRXgySuveJW/
Automobile Patrol- the most economical and
effective patrol by means of transportation.
The first patrol was introduced on May
17. 1954 by the Manila Police Department.
Contemporary Patrol Car Equipments
1. Mobile Data Terminal – refers to a computer that is
installed inside a patrol car which allows patrol officer to
have an access from the Headquarters files and other law
enforcement agencies which are used in order to expedite
their operation.
2. Vehicle-mounted TV – refers to a video camera
which is attached and installed in patrol car with a
high resolution and wide angle lens.
3.High Intensity Emergency Lighting Plan – refers to
a heavy duty light that can provide two million
candle power of light.
https://www.blauer.com/dispatch/police-car-equipment-overview/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSLXD09Oxlk (video link)
Advantages of the Automobile Patrol
1. Cover a wider area
2. Provides faster response to public calls
3. Provides constant availability to public
4. Provides an element of surprise especially when crime is in
progress.
5. Less tiresome than foot patrolling
6. Provides needed protection and can carry other equipment
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Disadvantages:
1. It separates public from the police.
2. Suspicious persons may go unnoticed
3. Neglect to make routine security checks
4. It slows down apprehension and surveillance operations.
Different advantages of One Man Versus Two Man Automobile
Patrol
One Man:
1. Having twice as many police cars on the street doubles the
preventive enforcement.
2. Devotes full attention to his driving and the beat than to the
conversation with his partner.
3. Developed self reliance.
4. Personality conflict is reduced.
Two Man:
1. Provides a greater safety factor by doubling the firepower and
physical protection.
2. The mistakes may caught by the partner or vice versa
3. Two pair of eyes is better than one
4. One can operates the radio other drives the car.
5. On the quiet night, the driver can have someone to talk and
help keep him awake.
Motorcycle Patrol
The use of motorcycle has lost ground to the use of patrol cars
in recent years, their need of congested traffic will insure their
continued use as a form of police patrol.
The two-wheeled motorcycle is adaptable to traffic enforcement,
parades and escort duty.
A police motorcycle is a motorcycle used by
various police departments. They may be custom
designed to meet the requirements unique of a
particular use. A police motorcycle is often called a
"motor" by police officers in the United States.
Similarly, motorcycle units are known as "motor
units" and motorcycle officers are known as motor
officers.
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MODULE LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS AND PLANNING WITH CRIME MAPPING
The maneuverability of the motorcycle on crowded streets offer
advantages not provided by larger, more traditional police vehicles. The
motorcycle's relatively small size allows it to get to accident scenes more
quickly when incidents such as traffic collisions slow down access by four-
wheel vehicles. Police motorcycles are also used in police funerals,
VIP motorcades, and other special events.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_motorcycle
Advantages of Motorcycle Patrol
1. High mobility particularly in congested traffic.
2. Quick response to emergency call.
Disadvantages:
1. The danger involve in riding causing a greater number of
accidents.
2. Cannot be use during inclement weather.
3. Inability to carry additional equipments.
Bicycle Patrol
It has been a part of the patrol services of most countries since the
bicycle was developed because of its salient features.
A police bicycle is a land vehicle used by police departments, most
commonly in the form of a mountain bicycle. They are designed to meet the
requirements unique to each department.
The maneuverability of these vehicles on crowded sidewalks and their
ability to navigate narrow, crowded driveways offer advantages over cars,
although a bicycle's top speed is lower.
Bicycle patrols are more common in temperate urban areas where limited
coverage areas are available. The use of bicycles instead of cars can make
police officers more easily approachable, especially in low-crime areas. Bicycles
can also be issued to police officers to enhance the mobility and range of foot
patrols. Bicycles are also effective crime-fighting tools when used in densely
populated urban areas. The bikes are nearly silent in operation and many
criminals do not realize that an approaching person
on a bike is actually a police officer. Furthermore, if
the criminal attempts to flee on foot, the riding
police officer has a speed advantage while able to
quickly dismount if necessary. In the average hour,
a patrol car would have 3.3 contacts with the
public, while bicycle patrols had 7.3 contacts with
the public. The average number of people in
contact with the police per hour was 10.5 for motor
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MODULE LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS AND PLANNING WITH CRIME MAPPING
patrols and 22.8 for bicycle patrols. This information tells us simply that the
activity level of police officers on bicycles is higher than that of the officers in
cars
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_bicycle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3RZHpJH14U (video link)
Advantages:
1. It has the advantage of mobility and stealth
2. Inexpensive to procure and maintenance.
3. Cover areas not accessible by motorcycle or patrol cars.
4. Good form of exercise to maintain excellent physique and good health.
5. Effective in combating theft, robbery and vandalism in residential areas,
parks and shopping malls.
6. Effective in using plainclothes while conducting surveillance.
Disadvantages:
1. Inability to carry additional equipments.
2. Apprehend criminals cannot be transported.
3. Danger involves in driving.
Marine/ Boat/ Bay Patrol
It is a specialized form of police patrol likewise expensive to maintain.
To provide protection to our water from poachers and smuggling, illegal
fishing and other related illegal activities which directly affect the water
resources.
The function of this, is to conduct investigation of boating accidents,
pirating and search and rescue operations as well as performs boat safety
measures.
A patrol boat (also referred to as a patrol craft, patrol ship or patrol
vessel) is a relatively small naval vessel generally designed for coastal defence
duties. There have been many designs for patrol boats. They may be operated
by a nation's navy, coast guard, police force
or customs and may be intended for marine
(blue water) or estuarine or river ("brown water")
environments. They are commonly found
engaged in various border protection roles,
including anti-smuggling, anti-
piracy, fisheries patrols, and immigration
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MODULE LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS AND PLANNING WITH CRIME MAPPING
law enforcement. They are also often called upon to participate
in rescue operations. Vessels of this type include the original yacht (from
Dutch/Low German jacht meaning hunting or hunt), a light, fast-sailing vessel
used by the Dutch navy to pursue pirates and other transgressors around and
into shallow waters.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrol_boat
Horse or Mounted Patrol
It is one of the oldest types of patrol next to walking.
It is commonly used to wooden areas which horses provided the best
mobility in those areas.
It is also used in large park, parade and crowded control.
Mounted police are police who patrol on horseback or camelback. Their
day-to-day function is typically picturesque or
ceremonial, but they are also employed in crowd
control because of their mobile mass and height
advantage and increasingly in the UK for crime
prevention and high visibility policing roles. The
added height and visibility that the horses give their
riders allows officers to observe a wider area, but it
also allows people in the wider area to see the
officers, which helps deter crime and helps people
find officers when they need them.[1] Mounted police
may be employed for specialized duties ranging
from patrol of parks and wilderness areas,
where police cars would be impractical or noisy, to riot duty, where the horse
serves to intimidate those whom it is desired to disperse through its larger size,
or may be sent in to detain trouble makers or offenders from the crowd. For
example, in the UK, mounted police are most often seen at football matches,
although they are also a common sight on the streets of many towns and cities
as a visible police presence and crime deterrent during the day and night.
Some mounted police units are trained in search and rescue due to the horse's
ability to travel where vehicles cannot.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mounted_police
https://ph.video.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?fr=yhs-dcola-001&hsimp=yhs-
001&hspart=dcola&p=horse+patrol+in+the+philippines#id=1&vid=7706a7f6414778feab586e5 (video link)
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MODULE LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS AND PLANNING WITH CRIME MAPPING
Air Patrol (Helicopter or Fixed-wing
Aircraft)(police aviation)
Police aviation is the use
of aircraft in police operations. Police
services commonly use aircraft for traffic
control, ground support, search and rescue,
high-speed car pursuits, observation, air
patrol and control of large-scale public
events and/or public order incidents. They
may employ rotary-wing aircraft, fixed-wing
aircraft, nonrigid-wing aircraft or lighter-than-air aircraft. In some major cities,
police rotary-wing aircraft are also used as air transportation for personnel
belonging to SWAT-style units. In large, sparsely populated areas, fixed-wing
aircraft are sometimes used to transport personnel and equipment.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_aviation
Advantages of Fixed-wing Aircraft
1. Effective when patrolling long stenches of
highway.
2. Excellent in traffic control in long stanches of
highways, for search and surveillance.
Disadvantages:
1. It has very little flexibility in congested areas.
2. It needs wide span of land for lift and landing.
3. Very expensive to maintain.
Advantages of Helicopter Patrol
1. Improves response time to emergency calls for service.
2. Increase apprehension of offenders
3. Increase prevention of crime
4. Improved efficiency of regular patrol units through airborne information
5. Increase ability in conducting roof searches for suspected felons
6. Easier location of both lost and escaped persons.
7. More efficient rescue operations and emergency
ambulance service
8. A better system of floodlighting areas at night.
9. Information can be broadcast to large areas
through airborne loudspeakers.
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10. Rapid emergency transportation of personnel
11. Added security to patrol officers through “back up” offered by aerial patrol.
Disadvantages:
1. Bad weather will ground the helicopter
2. Smog, light or intermittent clouds might affect vision
3. Service requires special training and skills
4. There is a danger from high wire, trees and similar object
5. There can be difficulty of landing in urban areas.
6. Refueling problems
7. Special facilities are required for housing and repairs
8. Tactical problems to overcome exact locations.
Canine (K-9) Patrol/Dog Patrol
Egyptians are the first to use dog for
patrolling
Great assistance in search and
rescue as well as in smelling out drugs
and bombs
It is capable of recognizing an odor 10 million times.
It is a supplementary forces that can aid the officer in better performing
his duty.
A single K9 team was able to complete building searches 7x faster than 4
officers working together.
The dog team found the hidden suspects, 93% than the human is
only 53%.
A police dog, known in some English-speaking countries as a "K-
9" or "K9" (a homophone of "canine"), is a dog that is specifically trained to
assist police and other law-enforcement personnel. Their duties include:
searching for drugs and explosives, locating missing people, finding crime
scene evidence, and attacking people targeted by the police. Police dogs must
remember several verbal cues and hand gestures.[1] The most commonly used
breeds are the German Shepherd Dog, Belgian Malinois, Bloodhound, Dutch
Shepherd, and Retriever breeds.[2] Recently, the Belgian Malinois has become
the dog of choice for police and military work due to their intense drive and
focus. Malinois are smaller and more agile than German Shepherd Dogs, and
have fewer health issues.[3] However, a well-bred working line German
Shepherd Dog is just as successful and robust as a Malinois.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_dog
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFBOdBZ4YxQ (video link)
Advantages of K9 Patrol
1. Provide protection for patrol officer
2. Locating trap people during emergencies
3. It can be use in crowd control
4. Great assistance in locating narcotics and bombs
Disadvantages:
1. Costly maintenance
2. Work only with one handle
3. Dog training is expensive, it requires 3 months to train.
Breeds of dogs appropriate for police works:
1. German shepherd
2. Bloodhounds
3. Labrador Retrievers
4. Rottweiler
5. Bouviers
6. Doberman Pinchers
7. Airedale Terriers
8. Giant Schnauzers
9. Newfoundlands
WOLVES (Wireless Operational Link and Video
Exploration System)
It is the system of attaching miniature
camera and transmitter to a search dog which
makes the dog the eyes and ears of his
handler.
Plainclothes
- It is particularly effective for
saturation coverage of high crime
areas.
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MODULE LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS AND PLANNING WITH CRIME MAPPING
- It provides extra coverage without alarming the occupants with a usual
number of police officer.
To go "undercover" is to avoid detection by the entity one is observing,
and especially to disguise one's own identity or use an assumed identity for the
purposes of gaining the trust of an individual or organization to learn or
confirm confidential information or to gain the trust of targeted individuals in
order to gather information or evidence. Traditionally, it is a technique
employed by law enforcement agencies or private investigators, and a person
who works in such a role is commonly referred to as an undercover agent.
Plainclothes law enforcement
Undercover agents should not be confused with law enforcement
officers who wear plainclothes. This method is used by law
enforcement and intelligence agencies. To wear plainclothes is to
wear civilian clothes, instead of wearing a uniform, to avoid detection or
identification as a law enforcement officer. However, plainclothes police officers
typically carry normal police equipment and normal identification. Police
detectives are assigned to wear plainclothes by wearing suits or formal clothes
instead of the uniform typically worn by their peers. Police officers in
plainclothes must identify themselves when using their police powers; however,
they are not required to identify themselves on demand and may lie about their
status as a police officer in some situations (see sting operation).
Sometimes, police might drive an unmarked vehicle or a vehicle which looks
like a taxi.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercover_operation
Close Circuit Television (CCTV) Patrol
- It is basically used for traffic control which originates in West
Germany.
- Television cameras are
mounted in a weatherproof housing.
- They were equipped with zoom lens and
remotely controlled by the operator who can
adjust each camera to 270 degrees.
• Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)
systems can be used to enhance the safety
and security of your business.
• CCTV footage can also provide
valuable assistance to the police when
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investigating crimes and prosecuting offenders.
• The use of CCTV systems includes the following:
o The presence of CCTV cameras may serve as a deterrent to
inappropriate or illegal activity. This is the preferred role of CCTV systems – to
prevent or reduce the opportunity for crime to occur.
o CCTV cameras can be used to provide real-time or recorded
surveillance over large areas, i.e., the perimeter boundary of protected
property, parking lots, retail stores, government buildings, etc. This use of
CCTV is sometimes referred to as video patrol.
o CCTV cameras can be integrated with other sensing systems
(robbery or burglary alarms), and used to view areas not immediately
accessible to personnel. This is often referred to as “event-driven cameras”.
o CCTV cameras and monitoring equipment can provide an historical
recall of events. Good quality preserved CCTV images can provide valuable
information and evidence for police related to inappropriate or illegal activity.
o CCTV cameras may have a better viewing vantage than personnel.
• If good quality CCTV footage of an incident is available, this can assist
police to clear up an investigation in a short time and successfully prosecute
the offender.
• Unfortunately, many CCTV systems are not installed properly, have not
been maintained, provide poor quality video footage or are switched off/broken
at the time of the incident. If evidence is gained from a CCTV system in such
cases, it may be excluded by a court. A poorly installed, maintained, or
functioning CCTV system is only marginally better than having no CCTV
system at all.
https://www.police.tas.gov.au/services-online/pamphlets-publications/closed-circuit-television/
Closed-circuit television (CCTV), also known as video
surveillance, [1][2] is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific
place, on a limited set of monitors. It differs from broadcast television in that
the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may employ point-to-point (P2P),
point-to-multipoint (P2MP), or mesh wired or wireless links. Though almost all
video cameras fit this definition, the term is most often applied to those used
for surveillance in areas that may need
monitoring such as banks, stores, and other
areas where security is needed.
Though videotelephony is seldom called
"CCTV" one exception is the use of video
in distance education, where it is an
important tool.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-circuit_television
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Reference:
https://prezi.com/6ducle919lqk/brief-history-of-philippine-policing-system/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-circuit_television
https://www.police.tas.gov.au/services-online/pamphlets-publications/closed-circuit-television/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercover_operation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_dog
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_aviation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mounted_police
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrol_boat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_bicycle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_motorcycle
https://www.blauer.com/dispatch/police-car-equipment-overview/
https://www.efficientgov.com/public-safety/articles/3-pros-cons-of-police-foot-patrols-
Video Links:
Police Foot Patrol - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VmN6TjxVea0
Police Automobile Patrol - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsSIUHXas7M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSLXD09Oxlk (video link)
Police Motorcycle Patrol - youtube.com/watch?v=6tEPIcmtOO4
Police Bicycle Patrol - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkXTpOmY49g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3RZHpJH14U (video link)
Police Boat Patrol - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVDUMjFejXs
Police Horse Patrol - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ce5AHawNqNk
https://ph.video.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?fr=yhs-dcola-001&hsimp=yhs-
001&hspart=dcola&p=horse+patrol+in+the+philippines#id=1&vid=7706a7f6414778feab586e5 (video link)
Police Air Patrol - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6fqGuzZA1o
Police K9 Patrol - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amPKXk7B1WQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFBOdBZ4YxQ (video link)
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