Cipher Methods ● More advanced number of occurrence in symbols, with each

There are two methods of substitution ciphers use that homophone used in
encrypting plaintext - the two or more alphabets, plaintext, ‘A’ will always rotation, or randomly.
bit stream method or the and are get encrypted to ‘D’.
block cipher method. referred to as ● Caesar cipher is an Polyalphabetic Cipher :-
-- In the bit stream polyalphabetic example for ● It is s a substitution
method, each bit in the substitutions. monoalphabetic cipher. cipher in which the cipher
plaintext is transformed ● An advanced type of With only 25 possible alphabet for the plain
into a substitution cipher that keys, the Caesar cipher is alphabet
cipher bit, one bit at a uses a simple not so secure. may be different at
time. polyalphabetic A dramatic increase in different places during
Bit stream methods code is the Vigenère the key space can be the encryption process.
commonly use algorithm cipher. achieved by allowing an Example - playfair and
functions like the arbitrary Vigenere Cipher.
exclusive OR Caesar cipher:- substitution. Playfair Cipher:-
operation (XOR) The earliest known If, instead, the "cipher" ● It is the best-known
substitution cipher. line can be any multiple-letter
1) Substitution Cipher permutation of the 26 encryption cipher.
● To use a substitution It is the simplest, and was alphabetic ● It treats diagrams in the
cipher, you substitute one by Julius Caesar. characters, then there are plaintext as single units
value for another. The Caesar cipher 26! or greater than 4 x 10 and translates these units
For example a letter in involves replacing each 26 into ciphertext diagrams.
the alphabet with the letter of the alphabet possible keys. ● It is a Polyalphabetic
letter three values to the with the Such an approach is substitution cipher.
right. letter standing three referred to as a ● In playfair cipher,
Or you can substitute one places further down the monoalphabetic initially a key table is
bit for another bit that is alphabet. substitution cipher, created.
four places to its left. Example, because a single cipher -- The key table is a 5×5
A three-character plain text : meet me after alphabet (mapping from grid of alphabets that acts
substitution to the right the party plain alphabet to cipher as the key for encrypting
results in the following Cipher text : PHHW PH alphabet) is used per the plaintext.
transformation of the DIWHU WKH SDUWB message. -- Each of the 25
standard English Note that the alphabet There is, however, alphabets must be unique
alphabet: is wrapped around, so another line of attack. and the letters I and J are
that the letter following Z -- If the cryptanalyst placed in same cell.
Initial alphabet yields : is A knows the nature of the -- The initial alphabets in
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRS We can define the plaintext (e.g., the key square are the
TUVWXYZ transformation by listing noncompressed unique alphabets of the
Encryption alphabet all possibilities, as English text), then the key
:DEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU follows: analyst can exploit the in the order in which they
VWXYZABC plain text : a b c d e f g h i regularities of the appear.
jklmnopqrstuvwx language. -- The sender and the
For example, let the yz receiver decide on a
original word be “HELLO” ciphertext: D E F G H I J K ● Monoalphabetic particular key, say
Now the cipher is LMNOPQRSTUVWX ciphers are easy to break ‘monarchy’.
“KHOOR” YZABC because they reflect the -- In a key table, the first
-- The three-character frequency characters (going left to
substitution to the right is Monoalphabetic data of the original right) in the table is the
known as “Caesar cipher” Ciphers:- alphabet. phrase, excluding the
● Monoalphabetic cipher ● A counter measure is to duplicate letters.
● This is a simple but very is a substitution cipher in provide multiple ● The rest of the table will
powerful if combined which for a given key, the substitutes, known as be filled with the
with other operations. cipher alphabet for each homophones, remaining letters of the
● This type of substitution plain alphabet is fixed for a single letter. alphabet,
is based on a throughout the For example, the letter e in natural order.
monoalphabetic encryption could be assigned a
substitution, process. number of different
because it only uses one For example, if ‘A’ is cipher
alphabet. encrypted as ‘D’, for any
SSL (Secure Socket Layer) • It is the simplest • It is similar to SSLv3 with ▪ neither party needs
Most widely used Web protocol ,consisting of a minor differences details of other
security mechanism single message • in record format version ▪ but must know they are
▪ Implemented at • Purpose: causes number (current version linked
transport layer pending state to become is 3) ▪ use a dual signature for
▪ originally developed by current • uses HMAC for MAC this
Netscape • hence updating the • a pseudo-random ✔ signed concatenated
▪ uses TCP to provide a cipher suite in use function(PRF) for the hashes of OI & PI
reliable end-to-end • conveys SSL-related purpose of key
service alerts to peer entity generation SET Purchase Request
▪ subsequently became • specific alert and validation • SET purchase request
Internet standard known • warning or fatal • has additional alert exchange consists of four
as TLS • Each msg in this codes messages
(Transport Layer Security) protocol consists of 2 • some changes in 1. Initiate Request –
▪ SSL has two layers of bytes: supported ciphers customer requests
protocols • First byte represents • changes in certificate certificates of the
2 important SSL concepts the severity of the alert types & negotiations merchant
• SSL session • fatal: unexpected • changes in crypto 2. Initiate Response –
– an association between message, bad record mac, computations & padding merchant generates
client & server decompression This presentation uses a signed response
– created by the failure, handshake free template provided 3. Purchase Request –
Handshake Protocol failure, illegal parameter by FPPT.com cardholder prepares
– define a set of • warning: close notify, purchase request in the
cryptographic security no certificate, bad SET (Secure Electronic forms of OI & P
parameters certificate, Transactions) 4. Purchase Response –
– may be shared by unsupported certificate, • It is an open encryption include response msg
multiple SSL connections certificate revoked, & security specification that acknowledge
• SSL connection certificate • Designed to protect order and transaction
– a transient, peer-to- expired, certificate Internet credit card number
peer, communications unknown transactions This presentation uses a
link SSL Handshake Protocol • developed in 1996 by free template provided
– associated with one SSL • allows server & client Mastercard, Visa etc by FPPT.com
session to: • It is not a payment www.free-power-point-
SSL record protocol ✔ authenticate each system itself rather a set templates.com
defines 2 services for SSL other of security protocols & Purchase Request –
Connection ✔ to negotiate formats that enables Merchant
• message integrity encryption & MAC protection by providing When merchant receives
– using a MAC with algorithms – secure communications the Purchase request
shared secret key ✔ to negotiate channel among all parties msg, the following actions
– similar to HMAC but cryptographic keys to be involved in a are
with different padding used transaction performed
• confidentiality • It is used before any – trust through the use of 1. verifies cardholder
– using symmetric application data is X.509v3 digital certificates using CA sigs
encryption with a shared transmitted certificates 2. verifies dual signature
secret key defined by • Consists of a series of – privacy : the info is only using customer's public
Handshake Protocol messages exchanged by available to parties in a signature key to ensure
– AES, IDEA, RC2-40, DES- client and server transaction when order
40, DES, 3DES, Fortezza, 1. Establish Security and where necessary has not been tampered
RC4-40, Capabilities with in transit & that it
RC4-128 2. Server Authentication Dual Signature was signed using
– message is compressed and Key Exchange ▪ The purpose of SET dual cardholder's
before encryption signature is to link two private signature key
SSL Change Cipher Spec TLS (Transport Layer messages that are 3. processes order and
Protocol Security) intended for two forwards the payment
• one of the three SSL • IETF standard is to different recipients, information to the
specific protocols which produce Internet ✔ order information payment
use the SSL standard version of SSL (OI) for the merchant gateway for authorization
Record protocol • Defined as a standard in ✔ payment information 4 sends a purchase
RFC 2246 (PI) for the bank response to cardholder
Intrusion Detection and “doorknob rattling” server, known as the • original Internet RFC822
Prevention System(IDPS) activities) host, email was text only
4. To document the and monitors activity only • MIME provided support
• Intrusion detection & existing threat to an on that system . for varying content types
prevention systems organization and multi-part
These are systems that 5. To act as quality control It is also known as system messages
notifies the user/s when for security design and integrity verifiers because • with encoding of binary
the system detects a administration, they benchmark and data to textual form
violation especially in large and monitor the status of key • S/MIME added security
This can be audible, complex enterprises . system files and detect enhancements
visual, or silent alarms 6. To provide useful when an intruder have S/MIME support in
(messages, emails, information about creates, modifies, or many mail agents
notifications) intrusions that do take deletes monitored files . It • eg MS Outlook, Mozilla,
Eg: burglar alarm – sets place, can access encrypted Mac Mail etc
off audible/visible alarm packets . Since the HIDPS S/MIME Functions
when window is opened Types of IDPS works on only one enveloped data
or broken. IDPSs operate as computer system, all the encrypted content and
IDPS terminology network- based or host- traffic it examines associated keys
• Alert, alarm: It s a based systems . traverses that system. signed data
indication that a system 1) Network-based The HIDPS examines files encoded message +
has just been attacked or IDPS(NIDPS) is focused on and logs to determine if signed digest
is protecting network an attack is underway clear-signed data
under attack . It can be information assets. or has occurred and if the cleartext message +
audible, visual, or silent Two specialized subtypes attack is succeeding or encoded signed digest
alarms (messages, of network-based IDPS was successful. The signed & enveloped data
emails, notifications) are HIDPS triggers an alert nesting of signed &
• Evasion: The process by -- the wireless IDPS when one of the following encrypted entities
which attackers change -- the network behaviour occurs: S/MIME Cryptographic
the format and/or analysis (NBA) IDPS. – file attributes change, Algorithms
timing of their activities Wireless IDPS focuses on – new files are created, or • hash functions: SHA-1 &
to avoid being detected wireless networks . – existing files are MD5
by the IDPS. NBA IDPS examines traffic deleted. • digital signatures: DSS &
• False negative: IDPS flow on a network in an Once properly RSA
fails to detect actual attempt to recognize configured, an HIDPS is • session key encryption:
attack • False positive: abnormal patterns like very reliable . An HIDPS D-H & RSA
Attack alert when none DDoS, malware, and classifies files into various • message encryption:
occurred policy violations. categories and then sends Triple-DES, RC2/40 and
• Confidence value: The The NIDPS is installed at a notifications when others
measure of an IDPS’s specific place in the changes occur . • have a procedure to
ability to correctly detect network from where it is • One of the most decide which algorithms
and identify certain types possible to monitor the common methods of to use
of attacks (probability traffic going into and out categorizing folders and according to the
based) of a particular network files is by capability of the receiving
Why IDPS? segment . It notify colour coding . agent
1. To prevent problem administrators when a – Critically important data S/MIME Messages
behaviours by increasing predefined condition should be included in the • S/MIME secures a
the risk of discovery and occurs RED category. MIME entity with a
punishment for those An NIDPS can detect – Support components, signature, encryption, or
who would attack or many more types of such as device drivers and both
otherwise abuse the attacks than a host based other relatively • Forming a MIME
system IDPS, but it requires a important files, are wrapped PKCS(PKC
2. To detect attacks and much more complex generally coded yellow. Specifications) object
other security violations configuration and – user data is usually have a
that are not prevented by maintenance program.. coded green . range of content-types:
other security measures S/MIME – enveloped data
3. To detect and deal with 2) Host-based IDPS Secure/Multipurpose – signed data
the preambles to attacks (HIDPS) Internet Mail Extensions – clear-signed data
(commonly HIDPS resides on a Security enhancement – registration request
experienced as network particular computer or to MIME email by – certificate only message
probes and other encrypting mails
PKI ( Public-Key d) Authorization: The private key, which means
Infrastructure) validated identity of users that it is kept secret Components of a
PKI is an integrated and programs can (much like the key in symmetric encryption
system of software, enable authorization symmetric encryption), scheme:-
encryption rules that remain in place known only to the owner ● Plaintext: This is the
methodologies, for the duration of a of the key pair, and original intelligible
protocols, legal transaction . the other key serves as a message or data that is
agreements, and third- e) Nonrepudiation: public key, which means fed into the
party services that Customers or partners that it is stored in algorithm as input.
enables users to can be held accountable a public location where ● Encryption algorithm:
communicate securely. for anyone can use it. The encryption algorithm
-- PKI systems are based transactions, such as ● So asymmetric performs various
on public-key online purchases, which encryption is also called substitutions and
cryptosystems and they cannot later dispute. public-key encryption. transformations on the
include digital plaintext.
certificates and Need of Security Examples: RSA,Digital ● Secret key: The secret
certificate authorities ● Information security is Signature Algorithm, key is also input to the
(CAs). unlike any other aspect of Diffie-Helman etc. encryption algorithm. The
Digital certificates are information key is a value
public-key container files technology. ● The foundation of independent of the
that allow computer ● It is an arena where the asymmetric encryption is plaintext and of the
programs to validate the primary mission is to that the same key cannot algorithm. The
key and identify to whom ensure things stay the be algorithm will produce a
it belongs. way they are. used to both encrypt and different output
PKI and the digital ● If there were no threats decrypt the same depending on the specific
certificate registries they to information and message. key
contain, enable the systems, we could focus ● Both Sender & being used at the time.
protection of information on Recipient has to share The exact substitutions
assets by making improving systems that their Public Keys for and transformations
verifiable digital support the information, Encryption and performed by the
certificates resulting in vast has to use their Private algorithm depend on the
readily available to improvements in ease of Keys for Decryption. key.
business applications. use and usefulness.
PKI allows the ● The first phase, Symmetric Encryption ( ● Ciphertext: This is the
applications to Investigation, provides an Private key Encryption) scrambled message
implement several of the overview of the produced as output. It
characteristics of environment ● Symmetric encryption depends on
information security and in which security must is a form of cryptosystem the plaintext and the
to integrate these into operate, and the in which encryption and secret key. For a given
business processes. problems that security decryption are performed message, two different
These processes include must using the same key. keys will
the following: address. ● It is also known as produce two different
a) Authentication: conventional encryption. ciphertexts.
Individuals, Asymmetric encryption ● Symmetric encryption The ciphertext is an
organizations, and Web ● Asymmetric encryption transforms plaintext into apparently random
servers can uses two different but ciphertext using a secret stream of data and, as it
validate the identity of related keys, and key and an encryption stands, is
each of the parties in an either key can be used to algorithm. unintelligible.
Internet transaction. encrypt or decrypt the ● Using the same key and Decryption algorithm:
b) Integrity: Content message. a decryption algorithm, This is essentially the
signed by the certificate is ● Asymmetric encryption the plaintext is recovered encryption algorithm run
known to not have been can be used to provide from the ciphertext. in
altered while in transit elegant solutions to -- in other words the key reverse. It takes the
from host to host, or from problems of secrecy and is shared. ciphertext and the secret
server to client. verification. ● One of the most widely key and produces the
c) Privacy: Information is ● This technique has its known is the Data original
protected from being highest value when one Encryption Standard plaintext.
intercepted during key is used as a (DES),
transmission. which was developed by
IBM.
ATTACKS 2. Web browsing transmission of a virus command) by the
● An attack is the ● If the infected system hoax, with attacker to
deliberate act or action has write access to any a real virus attached. ( participate in the attack.
that takes advantage of a Web pages, it makes all virus hoax is an email that ● DDoS attacks are the
vulnerability to Web provides a warning about most difficult attack to
compromise a controlled content files a defend against.
system. (.html,.asp,.cgi & others) virus, worm or some
● It is accomplished by a infectious, so that users other disaster, and urges What is cryptography?
threat agent that who browse to recipients to forward the ● Cryptography is a
damages or steals an those pages become message ) method of protecting
organization’s infected. Back Doors information and
information or physical 3. Virus ● Using a known or communications
asset. ● Each infected machine previously unknown and through the use of codes,
● Vulnerability is an infects certain common newly discovered access so that only those for
identified weakness in a executable or script files mechanism, whom the information is
controlled system, where on all an attacker can gain intended can read and
controls are not present computers to which it can access to a system or process it.
or are no longer effective. write with virus code that network resource. ● The prefix "crypt-"
● Attacks exist when a can cause infection. Password Crack means "hidden" and the
specific act or action 4. Unprotected shares ● Attempting to reverse suffix "-graphy" stands for
comes into play and may ● Using vulnerabilities in calculate a password. "writing."
cause file systems and the way Some terms to
a potential loss. many organizations Denial-of-Service (DoS) remember:
configure and Distributed Denial- ● Cryptology - The
Malicious code them, the infected of-Service (DDoS) science of encryption.
● The malicious code machine copies the viral ● Attacker sends a large - includes cryptography
attack includes the component to all number of connection or and cryptanalysis
execution of viruses, locations it can information requests ● Cryptography - process
worms, Trojan reach. to a target. So many of making and using
horses, and active Web 5. Mass Mail requests are made that codes to secure the
scripts with the intent to ● By sending E-mail the target system transmission of
destroy or steal infections to addresses cannot handle them information.
information. found in the address successfully along with ● Cryptanalysis - process
● The goal is to destroy or book, the other, legitimate of obtaining the original
corrupt data or to shut infected machine infects requests for service. message (called the
down a network or many users, whose mail - ● This may result in a plaintext) from an
computer system. reading programs also system crash, or merely encrypted message
● The malicious code automatically run the an inability to perform (called the ciphertext)
attack is the polymorphic program & infect other ordinary functions without
or multivector, worm. systems. ● Distributed Denial-of- knowing the algorithms
● These attack programs 6. Simple Network service (DdoS) is an attack and keys used to perform
use up to six known Management Protocol in which a the encryption.
attack vectors as follows. (SNMP) coordinated stream of ● Encryption - process of
Attack Replication ● By using the widely requests is launched converting an original
Vectors:- known and common against a target from message into a form that
1. IP scan & attack passwords that were many locations at the is
2. Web browsing employed in same time. unreadable to
3. Virus early versions of this ● DDoS attacks are unauthorized individuals.
4. Unprotected shares protocol, the attacking preceded by a ● Decryption - process of
5. Mass mail program can gain control preparation phase in converting the ciphertext
6. Simple Network of which many message back into
Management Protocol the device. Most vendors systems, perhaps plaintext so that it can be
(SNMP) have closed these thousands, are readily understood.
1) IP scan & attack vulnerabilities with compromised.
● The infected system software ● The compromised
scans a random or local upgrades. machines are turned into
range of IP addresses and Hoaxes zombies, machines that
targets any of several ● It is a way of attacking are
vulnerabilities known to computer systems by the directed remotely
hackers. (usually by a transmitted
Email security and content through digital application level Circuit-Level Gateway:
different email security signatures, and DMARC gateway and circuit level
protocol provides policies for gateway Functionality:
Email security is a critical handling emails that fail A circuit-level gateway,
aspect of safeguarding authentication checks. Application-Level also known as a stateful
sensitive information and Gateway (ALG): firewall, operates at the
ensuring the To combat phishing Functionality: session layer (Layer 5) of
confidentiality, integrity, attacks, which often An ALG operates at the the OSI model. It makes
and availability of involve deceptive emails application layer (Layer 7) decisions based on the
communication. Various attempting to trick users of the OSI model. It state of the
email security protocols into revealing sensitive understands and communication session
are implemented to information, email interprets specific and is less concerned with
protect users and security includes application-level the content of the data
organizations from cyber advanced threat protocols, such as FTP being transmitted.
threats. protection mechanisms. (File Transfer Protocol),
This includes content SIP (Session Initiation Connection
One fundamental aspect filtering, link analysis, and Protocol), or HTTP Establishment:
of email security is attachment scanning to (Hypertext Transfer Circuit-level gateways
encryption. Encryption identify and block Protocol). focus on validating and
ensures that the content malicious content. controlling the
of an email is encoded Additionally, machine Granular Control: establishment of sessions
and can only be learning algorithms are ALGs provide granular between devices. Once a
deciphered by authorized increasingly employed to control and inspection of connection is established,
recipients. The two detect and prevent application-layer traffic. they allow data to flow
primary types of email sophisticated phishing They can analyze the between the two parties
encryption are transport attempts by analyzing content of the data without inspecting the
layer security (TLS) and patterns and anomalies in packets and make actual content of the
end-to-end encryption. email communication. decisions based on the packets.
TLS encrypts the application-specific
communication between Regular software updates context. Network Address
email servers, while end- and patch management Translation (NAT):
to-end encryption are essential components Network Address While circuit-level
extends this protection to of email security, as Translation (NAT): gateways may perform
the content of the email outdated software may ALGs often include NAT NAT, their primary role is
itself, ensuring that only have vulnerabilities that capabilities, allowing in managing and
the intended recipient could be exploited by them to modify addresses controlling sessions
can decrypt and read the attackers. Regular audits and ports in the rather than
message. and security assessments application-layer payload. understanding the
help identify potential This helps in translating application layer.
Authentication protocols weaknesses in an private IP addresses to
play a crucial role in organization's email public ones, a common Advantages:
verifying the legitimacy of security infrastructure, requirement for traffic to Circuit-level gateways are
the sender and allowing for proactive traverse the Internet. generally more
preventing email remediation. lightweight than ALGs,
spoofing. Sender Policy Advantages: making them suitable for
Framework (SPF), User education is another ALGs are effective for high-throughput
DomainKeys Identified critical aspect of email controlling and environments. They are
Mail (DKIM), and Domain- security. Training users to monitoring specific often employed to create
based Message recognize phishing applications. They offer a secure connections
Authentication, attempts, avoid clicking higher level of security by between internal and
Reporting, and on suspicious links, and understanding the external networks.
Conformance (DMARC) reporting unusual email semantics of the
are widely used activity can significantly application layer.
authentication protocols. reduce the risk of However, they can be
SPF verifies that the successful attacks. more resource-intensive
sending server is due to the deep packet
authorized to send emails inspection they perform.
on behalf of a domain,
DKIM ensures the
integrity of the email's
Password mangment & keep it secure. Similarly, inspection goes beyond purpose of the gathering.
counter measures change your passwords packet filtering; it keeps By employing these
Password management is periodically. It's like track of the state of active methods, firewalls ensure
like having a strong lock refreshing the locks on connections. It ensures that only authorized and
on the door of your digital your digital doors, that incoming data safe traffic enters your
space. It involves creating reducing the risk of packets are part of a digital space, keeping it
and safeguarding someone using an old legitimate and secure from potential
passwords to keep your key. established connection, threats
accounts secure. Here are Beware of Phishing: enhancing security by
some key measures: Just as you'd be cautious understanding the IP security architecture
if someone asked for your context of the Authentication Header
Strong Passwords: home keys, be wary of communication. (AH):
Create passwords that phishing attempts. Don't Proxy Filtering: AH is like a digital
are like sturdy locks—mix share your password in Proxy filtering is like passport for your data
letters, numbers, and response to suspicious having a representative packets. It ensures the
symbols. Avoid using emails or messages. It's (proxy) interact with the authenticity and integrity
easily guessable like not giving your key to outside world on your of the information by
information, like someone you don't fully behalf. Instead of directly adding a digital signature
birthdays or common trust. connecting to websites, to each packet. This
words. The stronger the your requests go through signature allows the
password, the tougher it Firewall & Its Processong a proxy server. The server recipient to verify that
is for unauthorized users modes then forwards your the data hasn't been
to break in. firewall is like a digital request, acting as a altered during
Unique Passwords: bouncer that stands middleman. This helps transmission and that it
Imagine each account as a guard at the entrance of hide your actual identity indeed comes from the
different room in your your computer or from potential threats, expected source.
digital house. Use a network, deciding who like a VIP using a Encapsulating Security
unique password for each gets in and who stays out. spokesperson to Payload (ESP):
room (account). If one It acts as a security communicate with the ESP is akin to a secret
password is barrier, monitoring and public. envelope for your digital
compromised, the others controlling incoming and Application Layer messages. It provides
remain safe. It's like outgoing traffic based on Filtering: encryption for the
having separate keys for predetermined security Now, imagine the payload of the IP packet,
different doors. rules. Firewalls use bouncer not only keeping the actual data
Password Managers: different processing checking IDs but also confidential from
Think of a password modes to ensure your understanding the potential eavesdroppers.
manager as a trustworthy digital space stays safe. purpose of the party. ESP also includes
keychain. It securely Application layer filtering mechanisms for integrity
stores all your passwords Packet Filtering: operates at a deeper checks, ensuring that the
in one place. You only Think of this like level, examining the data encrypted content
need to remember one inspecting each individual payload of each packet. It remains unaltered during
master password – like letter before it enters can identify specific transit.
having a master key to your mailbox. Packet applications or protocols, Security Associations
access all your digital filtering examines data allowing for more precise (SA):
doors. packets – the small units control. It's like the Imagine a virtual contract
Multi-Factor of information sent over bouncer knowing not just between two parties
Authentication (MFA): the internet. It decides who is invited but also agreeing on the security
Multi-factor whether to allow or block what activities are measures – that's what a
authentication is an extra these packets based on allowed at the party. Security Association is.
layer of security. It's like predefined rules. It's akin SAs define the
having a second key or to the bouncer checking Firewalls use a parameters for secure
fingerprint scan along IDs before letting people combination of these communication, such as
with your password. Even into a club, allowing only processing modes to the encryption algorithm,
if someone guesses your the permitted ones. create a robust defense authentication method,
password, they still need system. It's like having a and key management.
the additional factor to Stateful Inspection: versatile bouncer with Devices communicating
gain access. Imagine the bouncer not different skills – checking securely need to establish
Regular Updates: just checking IDs but also IDs, remembering faces, a shared SA for their
Imagine changing your remembering the faces of using a proxy, and interactions.
door lock regularly to approved guests. Stateful understanding the