INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT

HISTORY - REVISION WORKSHEET

NATIONALISM IN INDIA
1. Why growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement?
2. Examine the effects of the First World War on the Indian economy and politics. OR Examine
the main aspects the Indian Nationalist Movement during the I World War.
3. Explain the idea of Mahatma Gandhi on Satyagraha. OR What did Mahatma Gandhi mean
when he said Satyagraha is active resistance?
4. Give examples to show that Mahatma Gandhi organized early Satyagraha movements as soon
as he arrived in India in 1915.
5. What was Rowlatt Act? Explain the Rowlatt Satyagraha Movement.
6. What lead to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre? Explain the significant features of this incident.
7. Describe in brief the reactions of the people immediately after Jallianwala Bagh incident.
8. Who started the Khilafat movement? Why?
9. Analyze the various developments attributed for the launching of NCM, 1921?
10. How did the middle class people of the cities & towns react to the call of NCM? Explain.
11. What were the effects of NCM on economic front?
12. Why did NCM slow down in cities and towns?
13. Briefly explain how the peasant movement in the state of Awadh became a part of NCM and
its effects.
14. In what ways the tribal peasants of Gudem Hills of A.P. interpreted Mahatma Gandhi’s
message and idea of Swaraj? Explain with suitable examples.
15. What was the notion of Swaraj for the plantation workers? How did they react to the call of
Mahatma Gandhi’s ‘Swaraj’?
16. Why was NCM called off? Explain the reason.
17. Who formed the Khilafat Swaraj Party? What was the aim of its leaders?
18. Under what circumstances the Simon Commission was appointed?
19. What was the Simon Commission? OR Why was it appointed?
20. How was the Simon commission welcomed by Indians? Explain.
21. Explain the significance of the Lahore Congress Session of 1929.
22. What was the demand raised by Gandhi in his letter to Lord Irwin and discuss its impact on
the National Movement?
23. Write a short note on Dandi March. OR What events led to the CDM? Explain.
24. How did NCM differ from the CDM? Explain in five points.
25. Why was the CDM called off in 1931?
26. Mention the provisions of Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931.
27. Why did the different social groups participate in the CDM? What did ‘Swaraj’ mean to
them? What ideals did they uphold when they joined the movement?
28. Assess the importance of Poona Pact.
29. How did the people of different communities, regions or language groups develop a sense of
collective belonging?
30. Assess the limitations of CDM. OR “Not all social groups were moved by the abstract
concept of swaraj”. Justify.
31. What type of flag was designed during the ‘Swadeshi Movement’ in Bengal? Explain its main
features.
32. Who had designed the ‘swaraj flag’ by 1921? Explain the main features of this ‘swaraj flag.’
 SOURCE BASED QUESTIONS
1. Source – A – Page – 31 – Mahatma Gandhi on Satyagraha:
i. What did Mahatma Gandhi mean when he said Satyagraha is active resistance?
a. ‘It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is
the subject of this article (Satyagraha) can be used only by the strong. This power is not
passive resistance; indeed it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not
passive but active.
ii. Why did Gandhiji consider nonviolence as supreme dharma?
Gandhiji adopted nonviolence as a philosophy and an ideal way of life. According to him
philosophy of nonviolence is not a weapon of the weak; it is a weapon, which can be tried by
all.
iii. How was Gandhian satyagraha taken by the people who believed in his philosophy?
A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction. In the
use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will.
iv. Why was Gandhian satyagraha considered as a novel way to resist injustice?
a. One could win the battle through nonviolence.
b. This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor.
c. People – including the oppressors – had to be persuaded to see the truth, instead of being
forced to accept truth through the use of violence.
v. What is the main difference between physical force and soul force?
Physical force inflicts pain on the enemy or adversary; it seeks to destroy the enemy.
Soul force is based on love and non-violence. It does not seek to destroy. Truth is the
substance on which it is based, not hate.
vi. Why can’t Indians carry arms? Explain.
Indians believe in non-violence and they cannot match Britain or Europe in force of arms.
Indians don’t worship the war-god or carry arms.
2. Source – B – Page – 35 – Jawaharlal Nehru’s Speech in United Provinces
i. Name the source from which the above mentioned passage is extracted?
Sarvapalli Gopal’s book on Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography, Vol. I.
ii. What were Nehru’s feelings and how did he change them?
Nehru was extremely angry at the brutal behaviour of the police. He had forgotten non-
violence totally at that moment and he was very agitated and disturbed. The thought of
Mahatma Gandhi, who was the follower of non-violence and the leader whom he respected,
steadied Nehru. He became calm. Another thing that changed him was the behaviour of the
kisans, standing near him peacefully in spite of all the provocation. This changed his feelings
to humility and all feelings of violence disappeared.
iii. Name the Great leader whom referred by the Speaker?
Mahatma Gandhi
iv. How did the peasants who gathered around Nehru near Rae Bareli behave when he
addressed them?
The peasants behaved as cool, calm and brave men. They were not excited or angry. They
heard Nehru’s speech peacefully.
v. Explain what Nehru meant when he said, “I needed the lesson more than they.”
Nehru needed the lesson of ‘non-violence’ more than the peasants. Nehru was angry, excited
and overcome by violence for a moment. But the peasants were calm and peaceful. Peasants
were not angry or violent.
 vi. During which movement this event occurred?
Non—Cooperation Movement of 1921-22
3. Source – C – Page – 39 - The Independence Day Pledge, 26 January, 1930
i. Why was it the inalienable right of the Indian people to have freedom?
It was the right of the Indian people to enjoy the fruits of their own labour and toil. They had
the right to all necessities of life and full opportunities of growth. Every Indian had the right
to be free, free of domination of the British, free of exploitation, to live in their own country
as free citizens as other people did in other countries.
ii. How did British government exploit the Indian masses? Explain.
The British government had exploited the Indian masses by denying them the right to
freedom and liberty. They had exploited their economy for their own benefit and left them
poor. They had tried to impose their own culture on them through their customs, religion, and
language. Politically they had turned them into slaves ruled by a foreign country. In short,
they had taken away all their rights, deprived them of freedom and exploited them in every
way—economically, politically, culturally and spiritually.
iii. In Which "Congress Session" the resolution of Purna Swaraj was passed?
Lahore Congress Session of 1929
iv. Under whose presidency was the resolution of Purna Swaraj passed?
Jawaharlal Nehru
v. When was this Independence Day pledge taken?
This pledge was taken on Independence Day, 26 January; 1930.
vi. Explain the rights of the Indian people which they should have got.
The Rights which the Indians should have got are:
a. Right to freedom, which the British rule denied them, their rights to enjoy the fruits of their
labour.
b. They were denied to have the basic necessities of life and this obstructed their
development.
c. The British rule oppressed the Indians and ruined them in every sphere — economic,
political, cultural and spiritual.
d. The British exploited Indian economy for their own benefit; politically they did not give
the Indians the right to rule themselves. They imposed western culture at the cost of Indian
culture and crushed their spirituality
4. Source – D – Page – 45 - Sir Muhammad Iqbal’s Ideas of Communalism
i. Do you agree with Iqbal’s idea of communalism? Can you define communalism in a
different way?
Communalism is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social community.
All the followers of one religion belong to one community and their basic interests are the
same. People of different religions cannot belong to the same social group. This is what Iqbal
is saying that Muslims are different from Hindus; they cannot have same fundamental
interests. They cannot be bound together as one nation. One will dominate the other, if it
happens to be in majority (in this case Hindus); in the end there would be two nations. Iqbal
is trying to propagate the “Two Nation Theory”. I do not agree with it as people of one
religion do not have the same interests and ambitions. We have seen this in the case of
Ireland, where in spite of being a Christian country, there was deep religious division between
the Catholics and the Protestants. Religion should never be seen as the basis of a nation. No
religion should try to dominate others. Communalism is a divisive force which destroys the
 unity and peace of a nation. We have seen how Yugoslavia has been divided into six small
nations because of religious differences.
ii. In which year Sir Muhammad Iqbal was the President of the Muslim League?
He was the President of Muslim League in 1930.
iii. Name the famous patriotic song written by Sir Muhammad Iqbal.
Sare Jahan se Accha
5. Source – E – Page – 48 - Tarinicharan Chattopadhyay, Bharatbarsher Itihas (The
History of Bharatbarsh), vol. 1, 1858.
i. What is referred as tiny island in the above passage?
British Islands
ii. What message the author wants to convey to the people of India?
India had glorious developments in ancient times. During that time art and architecture,
science and mathematics, religion and culture, law and philosophy, crafts and trade had
flourished. This glorious time was followed by a history of decline, when India was
colonised. These nationalist histories urged the readers to take pride in India’s great
achievements in the past and struggle to change the miserable conditions of life under British
rule.
iii. Mention the qualities of ‘Arya Vamsa’ that were admired by the foreign travellers in
earlier times.
The foreign travellers in earlier times admired the qualities like courage truthfulness and
modesty of the people of the ‘Arya Vamsa’.
iv. How did folklore help in the spread of nationalism amongst the Indian? Explain.
In the late-nineteenth-century India nationalists began recording folk tales sung by bards and
they toured villages to gather folk songs and legends. These tales they believed gave a true
picture of traditional culture that had been corrupted by outside forces. It was essential to
preserve this folk tradition in order to discover one’s national identity. In Bengal
Rabindranath Tagore led the movement for folk revival. In Madras Natesa Sastri published a
four-volume collection of Tamil Folk tales The Folklore of Southern India.
v. Name the source from which the above mentioned passage is extracted?
Bharatbarsher Itihas (The History of Bharatbarsh), vol. 1, 1858, by Tarinicharan
Chattopadhyay.