APPENDIX 8

Electrical Conductivity
of Selected Materials

Resistivities and conductivities are the numerical inverses of one another, unless both
are listed, indicating two separate sources for the information. Both are highly tem-
perature sensitive. Values listed here are nominally at room temperature. Consult
Section 6.1 for further information on compositional and temperature dependences.

METALS AND ALLOYS

All elemental metals are commercially pure unless otherwise indicated.

Material Conductivity, mho/m Resistivity, ohm-m Source

Silver 6.3 × 107 [1]

Copper 5.85 × 107 [1]

Gold 4.25 × 107 [1]

Aluminum 3.45 × 107 [1]

Al–1.2% Mn alloy 2.95 × 107 [1]

Sodium 2.1 × 107 [1]

Zinc 62.0 × 10−7 [2]

Zirconium, grade 702 3.97 × 10−7 [2]

Solder (60Sn–40Pb) 1.50 × 10−7 [2]

Tin 1.11 × 10−7 [2]

Lead 2.06 × 10−7 [2]

(continued )

An Introduction to Materials Engineering and Science: For Chemical and Materials Engineers,
by Brian S. Mitchell
ISBN 0-471-43623-2 Copyright  2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

893
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894 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SELECTED MATERIALS

Material Conductivity, mho/m Resistivity, ohm-m Source

Stainless steel, 301 0.14 × 107 [1]

Nichrome (80% Ni, 20% Cr) 0.093 × 107 [1]

Carbon, graphite 105 [1]

Germanium 2.2 [1]

Silicon (intrinsic) 4.3 × 10−4 [1]

Carbon, diamond (natural) <10−14 [1]

Molybdenum 5.2 × 10−8 [2]

Tantalum 13.5 × 10−8 [2]

Tungsten 5.3 × 10−8 [2]

Platinum 10.60 × 10−8 [2]

Titanium 4.2 × 10−7 –5.2 × 10−7 [2]

Titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4 V 17.1 × 10−7 [2]

Titanium alloy Ti–5Al–2.5Sn 15.7 × 10−7 [2]

Carbon, diamond (synthetic) 1.5 × 10−2 [2]

Steel alloy, A36, 1040, 1020 1.6 × 10−7 [2]

Steel alloy, 4140 2.2 × 10−7 [2]

Steel alloy, 4340 2.48 × 10−7 [2]

Stainless steel, 304 7.2 × 10−7 [2]

Stainless steel, 316 7.4 × 10−7 [2]

Stainless steel, 405, 440A 6.0 × 10−7 [2]

Stainless steel, 17-7PH 8.3 × 10−7 [2]

Iron, gray, G1800 15 × 10−7 [2]

Iron, gray, G3000 9.5 × 10−7 [2]

Iron, gray, G4000 8.5 × 10−7 [2]

Iron, 60-40-18 5.5 × 10−7 [2]

Iron, 80-55-06, 120-90-02 6.2 × 10−7 [2]

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CERAMICS AND GLASSES 895

Material Conductivity, mho/m Resistivity, ohm-m Source

Aluminum alloy, 1100 2.9 × 10−8 [2]

Aluminum alloy, 2024 3.4 × 10−8 [2]

Aluminum alloy, 6061 3.7 × 10−8 [2]

Aluminum alloy, 7075 5.22 × 10−8 [2]

Aluminum alloy, 356.0 4.42 × 10−8 [2]

Copper alloy, C11000 1.72 × 10−8 [2]

Copper alloy, C172000 (beryllium–copper) 5.7 × 10−8 –1.15 × 10−7 [2]

Copper alloy, C26000 6.2 × 10−8 [2]

Copper alloy, C36000 6.6 × 10−8 [2]

Copper alloy, C71500 (copper–30% nickel) 37.5 × 10−8 [2]

Copper alloy, C93200 14.4 × 10−8 [2]

Magnesium alloy, AZ31B 9.2 × 10−8 [2]

Magnesium alloy, AZ91D 17 × 10−8 [2]

Nickel 200 0.95 × 10−7 [2]

Inconel 625 12.9 × 10−7 [2]

Monel 400 5.47 × 10−7 [2]

Invar 8.2 × 10−7 [2]

Haynes alloy 25 8.9 × 10−7 [2]

Kovar 4.9 × 10−7 [2]

Mercury 1.04 × 106 [3]

CERAMICS AND GLASSES

Material Conductivity, mho/m Resistivity, ohm-m Source

Al2 O3 10−10 –10−12 [1]

Al6 Si2 O13 (mullite) >1012 [4]

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896 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SELECTED MATERIALS

Material Conductivity, mho/m Resistivity, ohm-m Source

AIN 2 × 109 –1011 [4]

B4 C 3 × 10−3 –8 × 10−3 [4]

BeO 10−12 –10−15 [1]

BN 1.7 × 1011 [4]

CrB2 21 × 10−8 [4]

E-glass, fiber 4 × 1014 [2]

GaAs (intrinsic) 106 [2]

Glass, soda-lime 1010 –1011 [2]

Glass, window <10−10 [1]

Glass, silica <10−16 [1]

Glass-ceramic (Pyroceram) 2 × 1014 [2]

HfB2 10−7 [4]

HfC 6 × 10−7 [4]

InSb 17 × 103 [3]

Mg2 Al4 Si5 O18 (Cordierite) 1012 [4]

MgO 1.3 × 1013 [4]

Mica 10−11 –10−15 [1]

MoSi2 21.5 × 10−8 [4]

PbS 38.4 [3]

Si3 N4 >1012 [2]

SiC (highly structurally-dependent) 1.0–1010 [4]

SiO2 , fused >1018 [2]

TaB2 68 × 10−8 [4]

TaC 25 × 10−8 [4]

TiB2 6.6 × 10−8 –28.4 × 10−8 [4]

TiC 0.3 × 10−2 –0.8 × 10−2 [4]

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POLYMERS 897

Material Conductivity, mho/m Resistivity, ohm-m Source

TiC 0.17 × 107 [1]

TiN 11 × 10−8 –13 × 10−7 [4]

TiO2 >1011 [5]

WC 5 × 10−7 [5]

WSi2 33.4 × 10−8 –54.9 × 10−8 [4]

ZrB2 9.2 × 10−8 [4]

ZrC 61 × 10−8 –64 × 10−8 [4]

ZrO2 , 3%Y2 O3 1010 [2]

ZrO2, monoclinic >1011 [5]

POLYMERS

Material Conductivity, mho/m Resistivity, ohm-m Source

Polymethylmethacrylate <10−12 [1]

Polyethylene <10−14 [1]

Polystyrene <10−14 [1]

Polytetrafluoroethylene <10−16 [1]

Phenol-formaldehyde 10−7 –10−11 [1]

Polyethylene, low and high density 1015 –5 × 1016 [2]

Polyethylene, ultrahigh molecular weight >5 × 1014 [2]

Polypropylene >1014 [2]

Rubber, nitrile 3.5 × 108 [2]

Rubber, styrene butadiene 6 × 1011 [2]

Rubber, silicone 1013 [2]

Epoxy 1010 –1013 [2]

Polyamide (Nylon 66) 1012 –1013 [2]

(continued )
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898 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SELECTED MATERIALS

Material Conductivity, mho/m Resistivity, ohm-m Source

Polybutylene terephthalate 4 × 1014 [2]

Polycarbonate 2 × 1014 [2]

Polyester 1013 [2]

Polyetheretherketone 6 × 1014 [2]

Polyethylene terephthalate 1012 [2]

Polyvinyl chloride >1014 [2]

Cellulose acetate 108 − 1013 [4]

Polyimide 4 × 1013 [4]

Polyarylsulfone 3.2 × 1014 –7.71 × 1014 [4]

COMPOSITES

Material Conductivity, mho/m Resistivity, ohm-m Source

Wood 1014 –1016 [2]

Concrete, dry 109 [2]

Polyimide, glass-fiber-reinforced 9.2 × 1013 [4]

Nylon, glass-fiber-reinforced 2.6 × 1013 –5.5 × 1013 [4]

Polyester, glass-fiber-reinforced 3.2 × 1014 –3.3 × 1014 [4]

Phenylene oxide, glass-fiber-reinforced 1015 [4]

Polyphenylene sulfide, 40% glass-fiber-reinforced 4.5 × 1012 [4]

Polystyrene, 30% glass-fiber-reinforced 3.6 × 1014 [4]

Polyacetal, 20% glass-fiber-reinforced 5 × 1012 [4]

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BIOLOGICS 899

BIOLOGICS

Material Conductivity, mho/cm Resistivity, ohm-m Source

Cortical bone, dry 10−9 [6]

Cortical bone, wet (10% moisture) 10−3 3–4 × 103 [6]

Tissues, soft 5–15 [6]

[1] Ralls, K. M., T. H. Courtney and J. Wolff, Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering, John Wiley and Sons,
New York, 1976.
[2] Callister, W., Materials Science and Engineering. An Introduction, 5th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000.
[3] Shackelford, J. F., Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers, 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2000.
[4] Materials Science & Engineering Handbook, J. Shackelford and W. Alexander, editors, CRL Press, Boca Raton,
FL, 1992.
[5] Somiya, S., Advanced Technical Ceramics, Academic Press, Oxford, 1984.
[6] Brighton, C. T., J. Black and S. R. Pollack, Electrical Properties of Bone and Cartilage, Grune and Stratton, New
York, 1979.