ODCHIGUE, LEONARD JEMS A.

BS-CRIMINOLOGY 1B

1. LAW- Provisions which regulate the conduct of society, primarily generated by the legislative brand
of government.

2. CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM- The government’s system of law enforcement that apprehends,
prosecutes, and punishes criminals, including law enforcement officers, courts, and correctional
institutions.

3. PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION-, the term constitution refers to the “body of rules and principles in
accordance with which the powers of sovereignty is regularly exercised.

4. JUDICIARY BRANCH- The branch of government invested with judicial power to interpret and apply
the law, the court system, the body of judges, then bench.

5. EXECUTIVE BRANCH - Having the power to make things happen and carry out laws, the power held
by the president.

6. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH- Legislative branch has the power and responsibility to debate, amend, and
pass laws.

7. BILL OF ATTENDER- A punishment on someone who has been accused of a serious offense but has
not been convicted at trial, prohibited by the Constitution.

8. EX-POST FACTO LAW- A law that is passed after an occurrence that changes the law at the time the
act occurred.

9. CRIMINAL - One who commits a crime; one who violates a criminal law. Related to a crime, done
with malice or intent to injure.

10. MALA IN SE – is a crime in which the perpetrated action itself is evil, those action that your parents
always told you were young.

11. MALA PROHIBITA – is wrong because it is prohibited.

12. VICTIM - A person against whom the criminal offense has been committed.

13. VICTIMOLOGY- The study of victims of crime and the psychological effects on them of their
experience.

FIVE PILLARS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

14. THE COMMUNITY - an order to do work in the community without pay. If someone has been
convicted of a crime they may be given a community service order as an alternative to being sent to
prison.

15. THE LAW ENFORCEMENT - Seeing that people follow laws and catching and punishing lawbreakers
the work done by police.
16. THE PROSECUTION- the name for the team of people (lawyers and so on) bringing proceedings
against someone else.

17. THE COURT - A place where justice is administered.

18. THE CORRECTION – the supervision of person arrested for convicted of or sentenced for criminal
offenses.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

19. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE – is the national police force of the republic of the Philippines.

20. NATIONAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION – undertakes efficient detection and investigation of

21 PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY – responsible for law enforcement of all provision on
any dangerous drugs and or precursors and essential chemicals.

22. BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY - is direct mandated to supervise and control the
administration and operation of all district and municipal jails nationwide.

23. BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS – is charge with custody and rehabilitation of national offenders.

24. PHILIPPINE COAST GUARD - is the country’s van guard against the entry of unsafe foreign vessels
into the country through the it’s port state control.

25. BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION – is responsible for the administration and enforcement of

26. POLICE DISCRETION- whether to draw their weapon, whether to make an arrest.
27. INTERVIEW- is an interview conducted to elicit evidence or information from person.

28. INTERROGATION- to question; to ask questions of someone such as a suspected criminal, often in
a close or formal way. interrogation.

29. CONFESSION- an admission of guilt.

30. ADMISSION- one side in a case agreeing that something the other side has alleged is true.

31. JUDGE- a presiding officer of the court.

32. Executive Director - has immediate supervision and control over all units of the PCTC.

33. SUPREME COURT- the court of final appeal.

34. COURT OF APPEALS - a court which hears appeals against the decisions of other courts.

35. SHARIA'S COURT - Islamic law, based on interpretation of the Quran and other sources of Muslim
doctrine.

36. FAMILY COURT – a trial court that has jurisdiction over all family cases, including divorce, child
support, parentage, domestic abuse and juvenile cases.
37 TRIAL COURT- The court in which a case is first presented, as opposed to an appellate court.

38. INFERIOR COURT- a court whose decisions are subject to review by an appellate court; see also
trial court.

39. JURISDICTION- he power or authority of the court to act.

COURT PROCEEDINGS

40. ARRAIGNMENT - The initial step in a criminal proceeding to confirm the identity of the accused,
formally read the charges, and ask how the accused pleads.

41. PRE-TRIAL- opening of the case and start of the court proceedings.

42. TRIAL - A judicial examination of issues between parties to an action.

43. JUDGEMENT - A decision by a court.

44. APPEAL- A request made to a higher court to reverse or modify a decision made by a lower court.

45. CORRECTION – is a branch of criminal justice system concerned with the custody supervision and
rehabilitation of criminal offenders.

46. PENOLOGY - penology concerned with the punishment and treatment of the offenders.

47. INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION – refers to those persons house in secure correctional facilities.

48. NON- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION - refers to that method of correcting sentence offenders
without having go to prison.

JUSTIFICATION OF PUNISHMENT

49. RETRIBUTION - Appropriate and just punishment for a crime or misdeed.

50. EXPIATION/ATONEMENT – the act of expiation is away to atone for something you did that was
wrong.

51. DETERRENCE – the action of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or fear of the
consequences.

52. INCAPACITATION/PROTECTION – to deprive of the capacity or natural power.

53. REFORMATION/REHABILITATION - To restore a person or business to a normal level of health,

54. PENALTY - A punishment.

PUNISHMENT MUST BE..

55. PRODUCTIVE OF SUFFERING - without however affecting the integrity of human personality.
56. COMMENSURATE WITH OFFENSE -

57. PERSONAL – the nature or partaking of the qualities of human beings or of movable property.

58. LEGAL - In accordance with law.

59. EQUAL - Equal and impartial treatment of all people by the law and government.

60. JAIL – Usually used for short-term confinement.

TYPES OF JAIL

61. LOCK UP JAILS – is a security facility, common to police stations, used for temporary confinement
of an individual held for investigation.

62. ORDINARY JAILS – is the type of jail commonly used to detain a convicted criminal offender to
serve sentence less than three years.

63. WORK HOUSES, JAIL FARMS OR CAMP - a facility that houses minimum custody offenders who are
serving short sentences.

64. PRISON - A jail or penitentiary; a building used to house convicted criminals.

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF INMATES

65. DETENTION PRISONS/ DETAINEE – a facility or confinement of an inmates.

66. SENTENCED PRISON/ PRISONERS - the punishment given to a person convicted of a crime.

67. PRISONERS WHO ARE SAFE KEEPING – protects detainee or prisoners.

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCED PRISON

68. INSULAR OR NATIONAL PRISONERS - Those sentenced to suffer a term of sentence of 3 years and 1
day to life imprisonment

69. PROVINCIAL PRISONERS - Those persons sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 6
months and 1 day to 3 years or a fine not more than 1,000 pesos,

or both.

70. CITY PRISONERS – - Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 1 day to

3 years or a fine of not more than 1,000 pesos or both.

71. MUNICIPAL PRISONERS- Those confined in Municipal jails to serve an imprisonment from 1 day to
6 months.

NON- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

73. PARDON - releasing someone from a court's punishment.

74. AMNESTY - An official pardon granted by a government to a group of people forgiving them for
past crimes, usually political crimes such as treason or draft evasion.

75. PAROLE- A person released from prison on parole

76. REPRIEVE AND SUSPENSION – The temporary postponement of a criminal sentence or other
unpleasant event.

77. COMMUTATION AND SENTENCE - The reduction of a sentence, as from death to life
imprisonment.

78. REASONABLE SUSPICION – the sort of common sense conclusion about human behavior upon
which practical people.

79. PROBABLE CAUSE - The lawyer argued that there was a lack of probable cause for a search
warrant.

80. WITNESS – is a person who are in the time of crime.

81. ACCUSED PERSON - Someone charged with a crime.

82. COURT OFFICER - the security of the court.

83. JURY - A group of people, usually 12, who review all the evidence in a court case and then come to
a verdict.

84. GENERAL - A court with general jurisdiction can hear almost any case.

85. CONCURRENT - exists where two or more courts from different systems simultaneously have
jurisdiction over a specific case.

86. CIVIL - The court had jurisdiction to deal with all civil disputes in the then fledgling colony.

87. LIMITED - Limited jurisdiction is a type of jurisdiction conferred on courts with legal authority
restricted to specific subjects, cases or persons.

88. APPELLATE- A court having jurisdiction to hear appeals and review a trial court's procedure.

89. ORIGINAL - Jurisdiction to try and judge a case at its beginning, as opposed to on appeal.

90. EXCLUSIVE - Power over a kind of lawsuit or person that is held by only one court or tribunal,
requiring that all actions of that sort be heard there.

91. TRANSLATIONAL CRIME – example is money laundering and terrorism.

92. MARITIME SAFETY - function is designed to help prevent or minimize unnecessary loss of lives and
properties at sea.
93. RA 9165 – comprehensive dangerous drugs act of 2002.

94. Republic Act No. 10867 (June 23, 2016) - This Act shall be known as the "National Bureau
Investigation.

95. CROSS- EXAMINATION - The examination of a witness by an opposing party to develop or test the
truth of evidence given by the witness during direct examination.

96. DEFENDANT - The party against who a claim is made is known as a defendant.

97. LAWYER - An attorney; a person who has studied law or who practices law.

98. Exclusive - Power over a kind of lawsuit or person that is held by only one court or tribunal,
requiring that all actions of that sort be heard there.

99. EVIDENCE - Statements, information, and things that are used to prove or disprove an alleged
fact.

100. BRIBERY - The act of offering a bribe.