Pharmacoepidemiology Questions & Answers

Q1. The scientist who isolated and identified vibrio cholera in 1893 is:
a. John Snow
b. Robert Koch
c. Razes
d. William Farr
Q2. The first Scientist who distinguished smallpox, precisely from measles
is:
a. John Snow
b. Robert Koch
c. Razes
d. William Farr
Q3. The secondary prevention is a suitable approach for prevention of the
diseases at:
a. Stage of susceptibility
b. Stage of pathogenicity
c. The sub-clinical stage
d. The clinical stage
Q4. Analytical epidemiology answer to the questions of:
a. Why and how?
b. Who, when and where?
c. What is the problem?
d. All of above
Q5. The epidemiological triad or triangle consist of:
a. Person, place and time
b. Host, place and time
c. Agent, environment and host
d. Agent, time and host
Q1. The founder of vital statistics in 1662 is:
a. John Snow
b. Robert Koch
c. John Graunt
d. Edward Jenner
Q2. The scientist who developed vaccine against smallpox in 1798 is:
a. John Snow
b. Robert Koch
c. John Graunt
d. Edward Jenner
Q3. The occurrence of any disease depends mainly upon the following
factors except:
a. Host
b. Agent
c. Environment
d. Time
Q4. The first stage in the natural history of the diseases is:
a. Stage of susceptibility
b. Stage of pathogenicity
c. The sub-clinical stage
d. The clinical stage
Q5. The scientist who identified the mode of transmission of vibrio cholera
in 1854 is:
a. John Snow
b. Robert Koch
c. John Graunt
d. Edward Jenner
Q6. The causative agent of Dengue is:
a. Virus
b. Bacteria
c. Parasite
d. Mosquito
Q1. An inhabitant in which the causative virus lives, grow and multiply so
called:
a. Carrier
b. Agent
c. Reservoir
d. Host
Q2. The following diseases are an example of seasonal variations pattern
except:
a. Malaria
b. TB
c. Diarrhea
d. Influenza
Q3. The first stage in the natural history of the diseases is:
a. Stage of susceptibility
b. Stage of pathogencity
c. The sub-clinical stage
d. The clinical stage
Q4. In Yemen; the common causative agent of malaria is:
a. Plasmodium. Falcipaurum
b. Plasmodium. vivax
c. Plasmodium. ovale
d. Plasmodium. malariae
Q5. The main route of transmission of malaria is:
a. Bite of anopheles mosquito
b. Bit of Aides mosquito
c. Bite of culex mosquito
d. Bite of sandfly
Q6. Incubation period of malaria vivax is:
a. 9-12 days
b. 14-16 days
c. 28 days
d. About 40 days
Q7. BCG is:
a. A vaccine against TB
b. A vaccine against COVID19
c. A vaccine against malaria
d. A vaccine against poliomyelitis
Q8. Incubation period of COVID-19 is:
a. 2-14 hours
b. 2-14 days
c. 2-14 weeks
d. Not yet recognized
Q9. Mode of transmission of measles virus is:
a. Direct skin contact
b. Airborne
c. Contact with animal
d. Vehicle born
Q10. Mode of transmission of dengue is:
a. Anopheles mosquito
b. Aides Egypti
c. Sand fly
d. Culex mosquito
Q11. Odds Ratio (OR) can be calculated in:
a. Cross sectional study
b. Case control study
c. Cohort study
d. Case series report
Q12. Relative Risk (RR) can be calculated in:
a. Cross sectional study
b. Case control study
c. Cohort study
d. Case series report
Q13. Prevalence of disease is estimated from:
a. Case-control study
b. Cohort study
c. Cross sectional study
d. Community trial
Q1. A study in which children are randomly assigned to receive either a newly
formulated vaccine or the currently available vaccine, and are followed to
monitor for side effects and effectiveness of each vaccine, is an example of
which type of study?
a. Experimental
b. Observational
c. Case-control
d. Cohort
Q2. Study clinical presentation of 50 cases with IHD admitted in ICU
department in a hospital during Jan –June 2020 is an example of:
a. Cross sectional study
b. Case control study
c. Cohort study
d. Case series report

❑ An outbreak of gastrointestinal disease occurred 24-36 hours after people

had attended a wedding. Of the 203 attendees, 200 completed
questionnaires, and 50 reported illness compatible with the case definition.

❑ Q1.This study is an example of:

a. Prospective cohort study
b. Retrospective cohort study
c. Case control study
d. Quzi-experimental study
❑ Q2. The best measurement of strength of association in the above study is:
a. Relative risk (RR)
b. Odds Ratio (OR)
c. Absolute risk
d. Incidence rate
Q1 . A study is conducted to determine the proportion of persons in the
population with pulmonary tuberculosis using AFB sputum for diagnosis
a. Case study
b. Cross sectional study
c. Case control study
d. Cohort study
Q2. A study that measures the incidence of a disease
a. Case report
b. Case control study
c. Cohort study
d. Cross sectional study
Q3. Odds Ratio (OR) can be calculated in:
a. Cross sectional study
b. Case control study
c. Cohort study
d. Case series report
Q4. Relative Risk (RR) can be calculated in:
a. Cross sectional study
b. Case control study
c. Cohort study
d. Case series report
Q5 Relative risk is 3, it means:
a. Risk of developing diseases is three times more in exposure than non-
exposure
b. Risk of developing diseases is three times more in non-exposure than
exposure
c. History of exposure in cases was three time more than control
d. History of exposure in control was three time more than cases.
Q6. If RR=1, it means:
a. Strong association
b. Negative association
c. Weak association
d. No association
Q7 The Framingham study, in which a group of residents have been followed
since the 1950s to identify the occurrence of risk factors for heart diseases, is
an example of which type of study?
a. Experimental study
b. Cohort study
c. Case control study
d. Clinical trial

❑ An oncologist determined that 75 out of 100 randomly selected leukemia

patients had experienced significant exposure of ionizing radiation. One
hundred healthy individuals selected as a comparison group out of them 60
individuals experienced significant exposure to ionizing radiation. Both
groups did not differ with respect to age and sex.

❑ Q1 The study type of the above scenario is:

a. Case-control study
b. Cohort study
c. Cross sectional study
d. Community trial
❑ Q2. From the above study; Odd's ratio is:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4.5
d. Cannot be calculated from the above data
 ❑ Q3. From the above study; Relative risk is:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4.5
d. Cannot be calculated from the above data
❑ Q4 The number of individuals in the control group in the above study is:
a. 40
b. 60
c. 100
d. There is no control group in the above study
❑ Q5. Regarding to the time; the above study is:
a. Prospective study
b. Retrospective study
c. Retrospective cohort study
d. The design has no relation to the time

❑ A researcher follows 200 women who exercise regularly and 300 women
who do not exercise regularly. After 30 years of follow-up, 20 of the women
in the exercise group are diagnosed with osteoporosis while 30 women in
the non-exercise group are diagnosed with osteoporosis.

❑ Q1. The study is an example of:

a. Case control study
b. Cohort study
c. Cross sectional study
d. Experimental study
❑ Q2. Relative risk (RR) is:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. RR cannot be calculated
 ❑ Q3 Odds ratio (OR) is:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. OR cannot be calculated

Exercise 1:
A London haberdasher and councilman who published a landmark analysis of
mortality data in 1662.
This publication was the first to quantify patterns of birth, death, and disease
occurrence.

A. Hippocrates
B. John Graunt
C. John Snow
D. William Farr
Exercise 2:
Below are four key terms taken from the definition of epidemiology, followed
by a list of activities that an epidemiologist might perform. Match the term to
the activity that best describes it. You should match only one term per
activity.
A. Distribution
B. Determinants
C. Application
Determinants 1. Compare food histories between persons with
Staphylococcus food poisoning and those without

Determinants 2. Compare frequency of brain cancer among anatomists

with frequency in general population

Distribution 3. Mark on a map the residences of all children born with

birth defects within 2 miles of a hazardous waste site

Distribution 4. Graph the number of cases of congenital syphilis by year

for the country

Application 5. Recommend that close contacts of a child recently

reported with meningococcal meningitis receive Rifampin

Distribution 6. Tabulate the frequency of clinical signs, symptoms, and

laboratory findings among children with chickenpox in district "Y"

Exercise 3:
Match the appropriate core function to each of the statements
below.
A. Public health surveillance
B. Field investigation
C. Analytic studies
D. Evaluation
E. Linkages
F. Policy development
Public health surveillance 1. Reviewing reports of test results for Chlamydia
trachomatis from public health clinics

Linkages 2. Meeting with directors of family planning clinics and

college health clinics to discuss Chlamydia testing and reporting

Policy development 3. Developing guidelines/criteria about which patients

coming to the clinic should be screened (tested) for Chlamydia
infection

Field investigation 4. Interviewing persons infected with Chlamydia to

identify
their sex partners

Evaluation 5. Conducting an analysis of patient flow at the public health

clinic to determine waiting times for clinic patients

Analytic studies 6. Comparing persons with symptomatic versus

asymptomatic Chlamydia infection to identify predictors