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LectureNotes M2L3

The document discusses the major components of an ecosystem, which are the biotic and abiotic factors. The biotic components include producers like plants, consumers like herbivores and carnivores, and decomposers like fungi and bacteria. Producers generate their own food through photosynthesis, consumers eat other organisms or plants, and decomposers break down dead materials. The abiotic components are non-living physical factors like sunlight, soil, water, and nutrients that influence living organisms. Together, the interactions between biotic and abiotic elements create a functioning ecosystem.

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27 views5 pages

LectureNotes M2L3

The document discusses the major components of an ecosystem, which are the biotic and abiotic factors. The biotic components include producers like plants, consumers like herbivores and carnivores, and decomposers like fungi and bacteria. Producers generate their own food through photosynthesis, consumers eat other organisms or plants, and decomposers break down dead materials. The abiotic components are non-living physical factors like sunlight, soil, water, and nutrients that influence living organisms. Together, the interactions between biotic and abiotic elements create a functioning ecosystem.

Uploaded by

valloellamae857
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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People and Earth’s Ecosystem

Module 2 Lesson 3
Major components of Ecosystem

Major components of Ecosystem


There are two main components of an ecosystem which are in constant communication
with each other. They are the biotic components and the abiotic components.

a. Biotic Components of Ecosystem


The living components of an ecosystem are called the biotic components. Some of
these factors include plants, animals, as well as fungi and bacteria. These biotic
components can be further classified, based on the energy requirement source.
Producers, consumers, and decomposers are the three broad categories of biotic
components.
Producers are the plants in the ecosystem, which can generate their own energy
requirement through photosynthesis, in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. All other
living beings are dependent on plants for their energy requirement of food as well as
oxygen.
Consumers include herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. The herbivores are the
living organisms that feed on plants. Carnivores eat other living organisms. Omnivores
are animals that can eat both plant and animal tissue.
Decomposers are the fungi and bacteria, which are the saprophytes. They feed on the
decaying organic matter and convert this matter into nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The
saprophytes play a vital role in recycling the nutrients so that the producers i.e. plants can
use them once again.
b. Abiotic Components of Ecosystem
Abiotic components are the physical and/or the chemical factors that act on the living
organisms at any part of their life. These are also called as the ecological factors. The
physical and chemical factors are characteristic of the environment. Light, air, soil, and
nutrients, etc. form the abiotic components of an ecosystem.

The abiotic factors vary from ecosystem to ecosystem. In an aquatic ecosystem, the
abiotic factors may include water pH, sunlight, turbidity, water depth, salinity, available
nutrients and dissolved oxygen. Similarly, abiotic factors in terrestrial ecosystems can
include soil, soil types, temperature, rain, altitude, wind, nutrients, sunlight etc.

Here, the sun is the energy source. Producers/plants use this energy to synthesize food
in the presence of carbon dioxide and chlorophyll. The energy from the sun, through
several chemical reactions, turns into chemical energy.
Abiotic- It refers to non-living things like soil, rock, water, wind, air, rain and so on.

Living organisms in ecosystem called biotic. Grouped as producers, consumers, and


decomposers.
Biotic- It refers to living things or alive like people, animals, plants etc.
Bio means life.
Producers- They make their own food.
Consumers- They eat other organisms for food.
Decomposers-They break down dead materials.

Herbivores are depending on plants. (plant eaters)


Carnivores cannot survive without meat. (meat eaters)
Omnivores both eat meats and plants.

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