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Sustainable Development (in Hindi)

Article · December 2016

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Shambhu Joshi
Mahatma Gandhi International Hindi University
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Page 1 of Page 26

- 4    

  / 
4.1 01-,

4.2 2#) 

4.3  

4.4   : ($4  567

4.5    01-,

4.6   )8 9 ),

4.7   
)

4.8    

  )

4.9 :/ 

4.10 

4.11 ;! 2-

4.12 " 4  05,  $

4.13 )!

Page 2 of Page 26
4.1 01-,
       :

•     ! " # $

• %&    ! ' () * # $
• %&   +,  -*.+ ,/$
• %&   0+/ ' ,. * # $
• %&   "21 3 45. 5 6 # $

4.2 2#) 
   7 ! ,   "21 3 89 :*;<0    = , , "  
 , " .,>,   89 0+ @ ,A,   89 B+C D-D  ,A, ,
7*  #  + * 83     ' "  !  F G 43 :*; * ! B 
 H "5*  " *, , I# 4$+* -*+!  ,J ,K =

"  89 $L   ' :*;  B8/ 5 M4N+  = I9,/ ,    '
 !  F G ' 0';! -*8N >0 >O3+  P 3, *QR3 >0 0+**QR3 P+* * ! *; 5
S' 
1  ,J.T  ,K =   P+U  4> 0% V2 ,5 $ ,K =  + 5  # *V+ ,J>
> W  ' :*; * .*  $ "#  X* ! *; 5 *P* ,5$3 + ,J>
!  "> = 3 :*;   >0 %&  ' :*; 5 "9  =

  # , %&  ' :*;, I +,, 89 0P <0 Y* - *
+ > $> ,U7;! 0+/   *#$,  ,3 %&   "21 3 45.<0 * 83
.* *#$ =
Page 3 of Page 26
4.3  

    ! ,K Z $3;  = "# "3  83 ,4<

1 0  >  Z$3;  [4
,K =  '  B\ #  !  O+ # F G ,3 ,] ^ ", *"3+ >0 0PF+ O_ #
83 *U -*+!  * "5*  "+ ,K = 4$8$ 1990 +  5  !    C # ,3
6 $ *9+1  # #  ", *"3+ X* 0PF+  "52 $> =   '
> ,U;7 ! [V  C # %&   Q1 ,",BF+ X* ! *; ' *P* 9+\! >0
95`++ * 4  =    0+$! + W  ' 0^ ' $3 "5  !  P+* *
1 3 "C*+# 7*3 * 5 B + * "3 ' $;1 U+ a>0, *5"$* # F G *; " P+*
* [O,PPc ' ,J.T 45$/ + > +  83 B*  9/ >0 +<0 d "+,40$,:!
U d  N: *; *"3+ P+* * [  83+* [0+, 45+0_ >0 ;!  B\ # 45$/ '
:+ 8$3*3 5 1 e+ *; 0PF+ P+* * 83 :+<0  0*O; >0 [" f 
g *# +  ! *;3 P+* * BF+ ' 1 I! U O+  g >0 0:/  0*O; *+
,5 =

4.4   : ($4  567

1960  [  ,3  + * .*  " [C

1 ,5 $   Kh P+* *  ' "
:*; 5 4$7  " *, ,K I ! *;3 B8 ,J+ i+ G ,5 *, ,A = # -*+! 3
"41 -*+! , BF+ 0:/  0::0:1 5, +  "K-:+  [ [4 ,K = 
+-*@+  !  >0 " +D* * 83    " # 3*-$*3  3. > 23 V V23
* 3 $3 " % 08 ,] ,K = 3 QF j87 #  ' W3 :*; * "5*  $ "5
+7;! "-*> 43 X* %& ,5 =

Page 4 of Page 26
 3 :*;  :* * k%& l ' 0^  3 = %&  > 
:*; ,K "5   ,J3 PC 5 ,+ *+3 ,K = , 3 ,J3 :*; #
 !  F G 5 0+1 4+ *+3 ,K +  BF+ Y* 0:/  1 CU, 3 P <0 (" 
3 ) ' I9+ 5 BV
1 P  B *+3 ,K = , "3, 3 -*P +/  7^/ + 
BF+  0+4
1  * "5* +3 ,K = , W3  0^ ,K "5 3 + # ",  ! ,
*"K+, 0PF+ 0*.<0 # 7487+ -*+!  * "5* +3 ,K "5 +!  " ' 1 *! .  4>
M ,K = , W  5 B5U,+ *+3 ,K "5 +!  X* 8Q ' 3o3 ' "C*+/ >0
0O<0 5 *7  *   ,3 W *+ ,J> BF+ ' 1 I! U >0 0:/ ' ! ; O+ 5
:+  *, ", *QR >0 0+**QR3 P+* * $*33, +, 9 5 7* * # B83 ,5 =

%&  ' :*; BF+-Q1  X* Q1 -Q1   3. "

F U 0:0 / ' X* 5/ '
*P* 9+\! # g >0 ,5$ ' 0$ *+3 ,K = , :*; ,# Xp5$3*;, [33*;,
[,*3*; "K .*/ * 1 ! .* * 5  *+3 ,K =   ! 3q 4D% ,] ^ +! 
"3-rs, "3-P+* >0 7^/ 5 BF+   9"P7;! +*3  "52 ,K =

%&  g4V+ 9<

1 0 * .* *  BP+ *+ ,A d

• BF+ >0 Q1   3. -*M+/ ' 1 (! ) = BF+ >0 Q1   3. *P-*+ >0 95`+
0:0 / 5 9+ =
• BF+ 5 Q1   9t+ rs  1 u +  Q1  5 BF+  B+ "g*3  , *
•   89 6*/  3. *P* 0 +  ;!  B\ # 8$3*3 =
•  +*;  ,4 B81U[43 +*3/ ' 1 (! ) + 83 45$ 489+ ,5 # , #
83 +*,  9/ ' v 83 [4 ,K =

Page 5 of Page 26
 • 9+Z++/3o3$+ :*/ 5 9+ = W3 IU (P  "5 ! *; ' >U+ >0
1 I! U O+ 5 ,  ,J.T >0 =
•  !  F G * BF+ ' 1 I! U O+ >0 0: 3++ ' rs  1 ! .* =

%&   !   # ! *;3 >0 +74 .0+  [ ,K = , [! + ,K 
BF+ [  I@1 + ,] ,K X* 3 P+U  4> 83 .0+" ,K = 3 *; ,
BF+ >0 3 0:/  I.+ 0*O; >0 B0: * "5* + ,K =

  < 567

%&  ' ! : B.4+ >0 P3! g4V+ -*8N x0%4Ay 5$ Y* 3 -*5%!

   # 3 $3 d

                 
        ! "
 5$  
1 * %&  # 5 9+! ,+ +U ,A :

1. 0.+ 7,/ ' kM+l 5 B + B *

2. BF+ ' O+  +1  +!  X* 8Q ' "C*+# 7*3 *  0:0 #  rs *
1 ! .*

x0%4Ay 5$  %&   +3 IzM +>0 ,A d

1.  !  1[4+ (Economic Efficiency)

2. " P3! + (Social Acceptability)
3. -*P +' %& (Ecological Sustainability)

 Y/  %&  ' () *+ ,J> # ) +U/ 5 [4 + ,K d

Page 6 of Page 26
 1. ($4=,#$ -  !  \>0 W3 ,5 "5 9 "+  ,+ #, U8! * X* P 3 :*
43 ,5 =
2. >? d Q1  83 BF+  ,P ,K  8   # t+ rs  U$ * =
BF+ 0:/ ' > 3 ,K I g ,5, BF+ 0:/  0*O;  ! ; #
P 3 1 / ' ,U7;! 87 ,5 =
3. ) d" ' 83 $+:/, +*;, 48 X* ;!  B\ # 7;! ,8$+ ,5 =

%&  5 9  0^<0  F  * 4 " ) g4V+ ,A d

1.  8 ) - %&    !   "3 ' $;1 U+ 5   )1  91
9
+ ,A = " 0+$! +  !  F G  "-*> 3 "3 # :3*-:3* 4 4 "+ ,K = W
4>  +3Ž  0:/  0:::01 >0 ' I85$ ' 0$ *+ ,K, +> +3Ž
 %&   4  *5:3 ,K =
2.  ) - %&  Y* " + ' Bv ,53 .,> "# 83 P+*/ *
83 +*, ' :+<0 5 g,  # 83 $-*/ ' 8$3*3 >0 BF+   D,t!
>0 [0+7;! ,P+U [4 ,K =

4.5    01-,

%&   IzM/ 5 g

1 * + " + ,K d

• 83 Q1 / 5 W "3 P+* I4: * "5 + X* 9 * :-*+ ,5 =
•  B\  3+-! ; # 83 O/ 5 ;!  O+  :* =
• BF+ 0:/  0*O; =
•  ' W3 :*; "5 BF+ ' 1 I! U O+  g * =
Page 7 of Page 26
 • BF+ 
1 7 4 +3/  B5$ =
• [" f >0  5 >  "52* P 3 ! *;  
1 7 4 >0 B0$  =
• " 9/ ' v =
•  !  0.<0  1 u =
• # t3*; >0 ;!  B\ # ' 8$3*3 =
•  !  F G :-*+  .*:* ' 3O =

4.6   )8 9 ),

%&   IzM/ 5 B‘+ *  4> x0%4Ay 5$ Y*
   -*5%! #, 
0P / >0 P+0_ Y/ Y* 89 *;3+/ 5 + $,  *; g
1 * ,K d

• $-*/ ' B8[43 3+-! ; ,8$+ 43 *"3+ (P 

• U8! * >0 %& :* 43 +3   * 43  ! (P 
• 0+5N7;!   IU9 +/  : * 43 " (P 
• ! *;  g * 43 IU (P 
• (* X* U+  %& +*3/ 5 B5U,+ * 43 0+**QR3 (P 
• 4.34 X* 4 ' ’q1 B[ (P 
•  !  F G 5  [ # 52 " ,  "+ ' 1 3 "C*+/ 5 7* * 
•  !  F G ' $;1 U+ # 4 4 "   +*;, + ' Bv # ,5$ ,5,
 !  0%  V+*  ,/, BF+ 0:/  B5$  ,5

Page 8 of Page 26
 • M   $-*/ 5 I' 1 3 "C*+# ( *5%3, y, , *5"$*, "4, PPc,
[O ) ! C  B‘+ *
• &"!  3 %& “5+/   * " +!  3+ 0:/ *   ,5 + 
[Q% B0: "K B/ * 4  ">
• ;!  B\ # ! *; >0  * > .*  "> = , 5/ *P* 95`+
B\>0 ,A =
4.7   
)

%&   .* ' [C

1 + Y+3 M1G5+* -*rM #  !  F G   BC '
45.<0 # V3 " +3 ,K = +3Ž+  !  F G   BC  " ! *;3 >0 "
-*;/ 5 "9 ,  S' V+*  =    ! *;3 "K-:+, BF+ 0:/ >0
1 y0 43 -*P +/  K$!  PC 5 ,J+ O+ ,J.T 3 = BF+ 0:/  0::0:1 5, 
 0:/ ' I4:+  0% 5 "9  = 0_+ Xp5$3*;  > <* ! *;3 "K-
:+ 5 Q% , /  [  X* B7N; "K3 $083* P 5 IU9  +5 7*3 <*
P   0% 5 IU9  = <"5 *+ # qt ,5, g43 N! U  I,*; ,A "#
I85@+3 "3 P+*  83 ,U7;! 5$ *, =    " >0  !  -*; 83
,J+ $083* *, = " # 3*-$*3  3. ' V X* .D23 ,J = BF+ 0:/ * 0_; ' 42
+" ,J = 1   BF+ 0:/ * 1   0_; 5 P3*  $ = e3 + [/
  BC ' 4 *  9 [/ # 83 3 +*,  -*;  > = 3 QF j87 # %&
 ' :*;  "9 ,J =  :*;   # Ku >0 7, 5/ ,3 B/ '
,U7;! 87 *,3 =

%&  ' :*; ' [C

1 + -*[4 !  ' P1 +
   (1962)  3 "
+3 ,K "# y3y3%3 "K '%[/  B5$  9"3/ * ,5 4 B8/ ' P+*  ..! ' =
 P1 +  M P+* * ", BF+ >0  ' , 5 BP++1  = 
7 *3 ,U;7 ! i%
Page 9 of Page 26
"3f3 ”4 4! . '
  !  (1968)  B[ *,3 " "0) F G >0 BF+
0:/  3. ' ,  *V3 = 1969 # > " #$  %  &'(  $K*-**3 0$j ' P 
,J " ! *; 0*O; X* ;!  B\ # 45$/ ' ,8$+  B  =

K’1%• 0P%%• 7% –S %@54”"3  1  Kf/  7, (@4 –S *5) Y* B[+ -*5%!

$   )*'(1972)  7* M   N! +  "# , B++  $    ! 
F G 5 0+ ,]  $ +5 ,# $083* -*; 8$1 +  4> +K* *, ,5$ = , Kh ! *;3
0%  ,4 :-*   =  83 0: O*;, BN7 ;, "0) "K N/  3
0:0 / * ..! ' = , +  3+ 0:/  :* * 3+  !  F G 5  ,] *V
" + ,K = 1972 # ,3  ! *; * 0@1 + *QR -*0 (7>3>.)  P%”,5 # 5"
,J = , -*0  4 # ,U;7 ! ,K   5"  "-*> ,43 * Kh P+* * ! *;
X*  [!  z1   X* , ,7  $   * +U4 .* * U9+ M ,K =
 0@1 + *QR ! *; ! \ (7>3) ' P  ' " k! *;3 l ' :*; 5
B.4+  "#  5 ! *;3 0*O;   "52 $ =

1974 #    +, - . , / [3N!   5"+ -*0 # k%& "l [ B.4
#  = , [ +7;! +*;  .* * "5* +  " x0%4Ay 5$ ' -*5%! 5 ,J+
B8+  = 1980 # 0* 2000 [3N!   -*' *QR+ "g3 %! *  Kh ! *;3 [
5 + X* PQ%   -*'  e3 [/  I85$P+* 5 M P+* * 4$7 ,]  "
+ ,K = 1980 # 0+**QR3 BF+ >0 BF+ 0: 0*O; 0i ( 73>) , 0@1 + *QR 0i
! *; ! \ +  M 9 :3 Y* 0@1 + C  B[+ 3 -*5%!
3#(  4 54/ :
 784  4 %    # # ,43 * k%& l  [ B.4+ =
 -*5%!  )1  IzM g
1 *  d

• ! -*P +' B\<0 X* "3 ,5$3 (P <0 5 > *V
Page 10 of Page 26
 • 1 0[ :+ ' *1 O + 
• BF+ 0:/ >0 "K0y4  %& I5$ 5 1 e+ *=

 -*5%!  B[    *QR/ Y*  0: 0*O; 0:0 3 *;3+/  ! ;  $ =
"% :+ ' 1*O  $ .4* cF 3 g4 # "K:+  00 :+ P+" 5  #
,U7;! 87 8 =  -*5%!   + 5 *1 "5* +*3  +  0: 0*O; X* %&
 > ,5$3 B\>0 ,A =

1983 # 0@1 + *QR 0i ' :*; 8   ( 9 .   : ; * (y^7 3 y3) $j+
 =  5$ ' O+ — ' B:0_3 5 ,4— x0%4Ay 5 ˜3 $3, +:  x0%4Ay 5$ 
  83 " "+ ,K =  5$  IzM 0%7;! ! *;3 >0  00:3 P<0 
M4N; * +  I9,# 146  (,-* I +  = "# %&   "-*>  ,+
F G ,5  X* 8Q ' 3o/  ,+/ 5 
1  83  ,5 =  5$  g4V+ IzM  d

1. ! *; X*   ,U7;! 4  1 ! M4N; +   %  4> 59N3, j5
X* (,-* 16 B *
2. ! *; X*  * 0+**QR3 ,5$ "+7 * +  0q+ IzM/ ' Bv # ,
3+/ X* ! \/ 5 B8+ * 4 X* +!  +*3/ # 4 4 4  ,5$3
O_/ >0 +*3/ ' ,. * =
3. (u/, PK’q 0$j/, (*/, 0P <0 X* **/  3. ! *; X*  0:0 3
6 # F G * X* j5 ! ,3  B+ B+G+ K *=

 5$  PQ%   , "0), Vp *1 O, B"+3 >0 1 0[ 0:/ ' O+,
&"! , Ip5$, 3  U 89 z1 / 5  N >$ @/  83  # $1 
,J> ,A X* >-7*  4$ *  9,# 6 ,] " + ,K =  5$ ' -*5%!  B[ >0

Page 11 of Page 26
 ! *; >0  * M 5$  ,U;7 ! !  1992 # cF 3 g4  5" +  >"#y
21, -*5 i5N;_ >0 %&  5$ ' P  # ,U7;! 87 8 =

1991 # > X* -*5%!
 7 %  &'( : < 54/ %      83 BF+ 0*O; ,+1
Kh *;3+ # 0[5:  6
1   = # P 3 45$/ ' ,8$+ 5 BV
1 + 3 $3 = 3-14
"7 1992 # x0%4Ay 5$ ' -*5%!  -*;PC -*5 y3 "* 5 #  ! *; * 0@1 + *QR
[V* g4 5"+  $ "  +D* *
>= / !     " "+ ,K = ,
g4 > W+, ,U *V+ ,K, # 4$8$ 178 [/  B+: IP +  " BV
1
 ! *;3 0*O; ' +U4 P +  "- !   *  # t+ *  =
 g4 # -*+ > $> BP+/ X* P+"/  "-*> M  [/  , P3*  
 !   W ,5 .,> "5 ! *;  
1 7 4 ,5 +  BF+ 0:/ ' *1 O *  =
 g4  -*; g
1 * *, d

• 0+**QR3 ,5$ >0 %&   z1  * 89 [/  3. 6D+
•  g4  6D+/  IzM/ 5 B‘+ * ,+1 *"3+ B+G+
• 89 0+**QR3 >"#y/ # %&   z1  5 [4 *
• **3 X* $K*-**3 0$j/  3. 0 X* ,5$ ' 3 [>0 +4[ "5
 X* ! *;  "y1 # IzM/ 5 B‘+ * 
•  "+ #  z1   B+ "$C+ IU9 *

cF 3 g4 # 89 P+"/ *  ,+ 3, I#  1q BV

1 P+" g
1 * ,A d

• &? 21 d , 4$8$ 300 QF j/  > P+"  "5 ! *; P’q+ +  ! *; 174
 5 B5U,+ * ,+1 Kh *;3+/ 5 ++ ,K = # , + $   5
",  !  >0 ! *;3 rs  %& K   "> = # D BV
1 7,/ ' ,.
Page 12 of Page 26
 ' $3 "5 89 **/ Y* -*5 i5N; _  \9  "-*>  "C*3  = # P_3,
, 1  $! ,` 0$j, (* X* Ip5$, P 3 B:*;, Kf , 74 3 + 
! *; >0   O_ #  * 4 $K*-**3 0$j [4  =
• 5,49   5 B795C/6, B79 5C d , ! *;3 174   4> 27
9<
1 0  i5N; _  = 
7 * [/ #,  %&   :*87+ G0+  =
• >!) 5  " d , > *3 0: 3 "# ,P+O*3 [/  [ ' $3 3 
 4‘1 +B 9 "+/, P+/ >0 "*/ ' *O ,+1  Ij>0$ =
• ,8 56)4 5  " E// F; G  " d , ™454 Z$ ' P 
 *  4> *3 0: 3 "# , e+   ,P+O*3 [ !  y @ y,
  +  9 $K/  IU"!   *#$ "5 ! *;  4> 
1  ,5  ™454 Z$
5 a+3 ,5 =
•  H  ; !) >I) ) d  IzM Kh P+* * +"3  VU ,5 *, /  0*O;
*  = , *3 3+ ,] 3 = # , [  $3 3  83 [  + 5
1 e+ *#$  I   BC  *; /  [  ,5 > +  /  0*O; 5
B + B ' "> =

1997 # 01@+ *QR 0i ' :*; 8  > [N _ 4

1  $ "5 -*5 y3 "*5  cF 3 g4
 0. N!  97! # g9 ,J = 
7 *+5    " "+ ,K =  5"   ,
V   cF 3 g4 # Ij> $> ,U7;! z1 / * 89 *QR/, 0$j/, P 3 1 /, $K*-
**3 0$j/   +*,  B > ,A  ,3 %&  ' <* o  B/ * .*
 $ =  g4  BV
1 IzM g4V+  d

• %&   B+ B+G+ 5 X* "7+ *

• %&  IzM ' Bv # S4+ >0 I *;/ ' ,.
Page 13 of Page 26
 • %&  IzM Bv # S4+ >0 I 00 :+ ! \/ ' ,. >0 I9,# o 
•  g4   B +<0 5 1 e+ *
• cF 3 g4   [N *, z1 / 5 Ij >0 I * ! *

%&  * 
7 * y g4 26 $P+-4 +g* 2002 # "5,9$! , O; š' # ,J =

7 *+10    " "+ ,K =  g4  IzM cF 3 g4   %&  '
[ # ,J> B/ ' 3O  ,] :  = # ! *; X*   "21  ,* 08 z1  5 "$,
3 $3 "# &"! , BN7 ;, BF+ 0:, "4, PPc, P’q+, , "3[K43, I85$, $*33,
9, +, (*, ;!  B\ # 8$3*3  N g4+ > $> =

24 g* 2009 5 0@1 + *QR 0i ' :*; 8  BP+ 0) >/*>/64/236 5 -*+
*+ ,J> 20-22 "7 2012 # 7 *+20 [V* g4  5" * P3*  =  g4 
+3 BV
1 IzM *V $> d

• %&  ,+1 ! + 3 *"3+ B+G<0 ' *O

• 7! # P3F+ B+G+<0  BP+ >0 P+ B$+  3.  0+*  M4N;
• 3 BP+1+ .1 D+/  

83 P g4 ,+1 g4V+ 5 [3N! / * ,+ ,J> d

• %&   08! # ,-*+  ! (P  >0 :! + I974

• %&  ,+1 0P $+ o0.

 g4  4> g4V+ + B + 4 O_ e+ > $> d

• I.+ *5"$*

Page 14 of Page 26
 • &"!
• %& [,*
• Vp *1 O
• %& V+3
• "4
• t1 >0  +K*3

4.8    

  )

>"›y 21   40 83 *QR/  %&   0+/ 5 + * # ,+ ' 34
*+ ,K =  0+ %&  * "5*  X* B8[43 %&  3+ ! ; # ,+ ,+1
M ,A = 0+ [ —[/   *+ ,A "5 , ++ ,A  ,*  ' [ @ ,K X*
I B8 89 O_/ #  B* ,5 *, ,K =  3+ ! +<0   7.<0 5 *4, S X*
4 C  BP++1 * ;!  B\ 5  + ,A = %&    0+ ,A "#  1q
0P <0 Y*, 1q P+0_ Y/ Y* +  1q *QR/ Y* 3 "C*+/  +1  + > $> ,A =
# 1q BV
1 0+ g
1 * ,A d

• %&  5$ Y* B++ 0+

• 4 %&  IU
•   7.0 (>.y3)
• %&  7.0 (>y3)
• ^; 7.0 (y^7 )
• ! *;3 %& 7.0 (>)

Page 15 of Page 26
 • P +' .œ (>S)

, #   4 +3 0+/ ' ..! *#$ d

1. 56#$)<, 5"/J(Ecological Footprints) - cF 3  -*P +' +0_ * 3

0$  *  >  ,K = , 0 ' 0$ ' +4
1 , cF 3 ' -*P +'  1 U
* ' O+  *+ ,K= ,  3 Y* I85$ > " 4 0:/  1 U
X* I IU9 [s  [5N; X* I ,*,+ * 4D%  4> žC*3 "K
IU 87 X* t1 3 O_ ' _ 5 [! + ,K =  4  B5$ *+ ,J> , 1 
4$ " + ,K  $* BU (u > e+ "3 [K43 # ">, +5 + ' ,+ 
4> cF 3  + ,P ( + cF 3 ,) ' žC*+ ,5$3 = 2006  4> 1Q "+  14
-*P + .9, 5 1.4 cF 3 , 1+  $  - 7* [/ #,  "+,
-*P + <0  I5$, cF 3 Y* I 1 ! "
F  ' +4
1  # 1.4 $1  +ž3  *+3 ,K
 Q1  ' +U4 M+<0 ' 7 +! ,+1 1.4 cF 3 ' M+ ,5$3 =
2.    05" ( ?5) - 4  IU ("3y33)  P  * 4
%&  5 ,U+ 3 " *,3 ,K = ,-*+ 4  IU 5 0[5:+ * 4 %&
 IU ' :*; BP++1 ' $3 =  :*; 5 ™454 g1 %3 P#% #%* + 
5 %3 S”* ^y! P%4 y4#% Y* +  $ ,K =  0+$! + g4V+
9<
1 0 '  ' "+3 ,K d
• ! *;3 >0 PPc O+   !  04
• BU BF+ 0: ' +!  P +, I 80y*; >0 IU O+  04
• ! *; * 3 \<0  B8
• 0:/ ' I4:+ * 3 \<0  B8
•  !   * 3 \<0  B8
Page 16 of Page 26
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Page 19 of Page 26
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  1* N!  &"! I85$ “5+/  B5$
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4.9 :/ 

%&  ' :*; 83 45.<0  * ,] ,K =  Y/  %&  ' 45.
' ,K = I 1* %&  0^   # *5:83 ,K =  0^  >  IU9
 ,K =  *; *  BF+  0*O;  ,% *   0*O; * ,5 $ ,K = BF+ 
0*O;  H .0+  5 > *V ' ,5 *,3 ,K = %&   3q , 8 ,] ,K  BF+
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*1 O+ ,K, I 3 +  * 1 ! .* * ' M+ ,] ,K = BF+ ' .0+ " 83 I+3
,] ,K "+3 ,53 .,> = 5^S#  . "K Y  , PQ%   x0%4Ay 5$ Y* BP++1 -*8N
# %&   0+$! + M+ /"C*+(need) 5 -*8N+ ,]  $ ,K = , M+
' ,K X* K 3 M+ ,K,  , 5$ PQ% ,] *+ ,K = %&  1 3 "C*+# 7*3
*  4> ,K  4+ ', , "C*+# 8"U $! ' ,A  0.+ 7,/ ', 5$ ,] ++ ,K
^ .‘1 3 : ,J> ,K = ,  # *V " .,>   1 3 "C*+# 7*3 * ,3 B + ,5

Page 21 of Page 26
+5 %&  ' , ,3  ,] >$3 @/ %&   00 :+ , 5 K * #
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1 * %&(Sustainability) X*  5/ >  ,] .4 + ,A @/ 5
83 ,  +83 + ,K " + ,  !  FG 5 [! + ,5 X*  4> "C*3 ,K  ,4 
: 0:/  I5$  "> +83 +5 F G * : ,5 >$3;  W ,K +5  ' :*;
  %& K  *, + ,K =

%&  ' 0^ 83 PQ% ,K = 89 7,   4   ! ' 89 () *+ ,A
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*,3 ,K 7* M 80* +, 9  [0 " # ,K, +> , 6  j ,K  8Q '
D3 3o/ ' "C*+# 1*O+ ' "3 ,K, 8"U $! '  $*3 "+ ' =

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3:3 *;3+, *3 0:, 4 Bv U * 5 j5 .* ,]  ,K = ,* *QR  +1 
' () *+ ,K X*   + *+ ,K = 1q Y %&  ' :*; 5
0+**QR3 *"3+  > : + ,A = I 
1 * %&  ' + I *QR/ Y* ' "+3
,K "9,/ W ,4+ K >  ! *; * 0% IP + ,5 $ ,K =  *QR 3 83 +*, 3 F G
5 
1  ,]  .,+ ,K *9+1 , M .,+ ,A  9 5 [34 *QR I+3 +"3  F G 
*# = " [34 *QR/  "5   BC  ,K I# I 4> , M ,K  
Page 22 of Page 26
 !  F G # 4$+* o5+*3 *# = , > +*,  Q1 .\ ,K = # %&  ' + > [! 
* *, "+3 ,K =  ,3 Kh P+* * *QR/  4* W3 3 0P   ! ; ,]  ,K "5 %&
  IzM/ ' Bv # S4 *QR/,  00 :+ *3 0<0 ' ,4 *
I^4i0*3 *QR/*QR/ * 5 *!  *  =

4.10 

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:*; ' 3 5 7* *+3 ,K +  Q1 , ", ! *; X*  ' 3 8! *+ >0 0
* "5* +3 ,K =  '  !  F G ' :*;  >0$3 O  *; %&  ' :*;
 "9 ,J =   ' :*; 5 Z$3;    "52 =  X* ! *; ' ,
5 Kh P+* * [!  N  = , V  %&  ' :*; 5 + * #
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> (,-* -*; B‘+ ,5  = %&   89 0+ ",  ! , *"3+,
0PF+ >0 ! *;3 ,4<
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45.  * ,] ,K *9+1  :*;   2 5$ , , " + ,K   ,* (u,
", *QR X* M 5     3  :*; * 1 ! .* *# X* W *+ 
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*V =  4,"   ,U 0,  * ,K =

4.11 ;! 2-

1.0     @ +U! ,K ?

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Page 23 of Page 26
 .......................................................................................................................................

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2.0 %&  ' :*; ' M+ @/ ,J ?

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3.0 %&   IzM + > =

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4.0 %&   +, 5 0O # + > =

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Page 24 of Page 26
 .......................................................................................................................................

5.0 %&  5$  0+/  BV

1 [3N! / ' ..! '"> =
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4.12 " 4  05,  $

# ( %    # : #B <# C'#*4/, 0@1 + *QR, 97!, @%7* 2007
(+3* 0P*;)
^y! 3[ – >! #% >0y y4#%, ;   ,–@S5y! 7! %3 B, –@S5y! ,
1987
[, 0,* +D, I >0y B, K gx",1993
*3y,y,    # : < 5*#E/ #,  ! P , 40, 1995
! ,-*[4,  4#% PB0$, #$1  @1  4%y, 0™4Ay, 1970

Page 25 of Page 26
 4V01 , >.>.,l 9‘% –S P%4 y4#% : C%, 55%[9 >0y \%4 K^7>[l , *
4, V0y 22, 0 1,2003
1 , M.*;,   4F, ;3 B[,  ^43, 2000, Y+3 0P*;
14%,S4, GH  I9 . J , ;3 B[, ^43, 2008
0,,[,4,   4F, *+ 4 [9, "*1 , 2010
Sustainable Development from www.egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/1803/4/Unit-
4.pdf access on May 4,2012
Sustainable Development from www.egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/34938/1/
Unit3.pdf access on May 4,2012
http://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/-*P +_.9, access on May 4,2012
Division for Sustainable Development, www.un.org/esa/dsd
UN Commission on Sustainable Development , http://www.un.org/esa/dsd/csd/csd_index.shtml

4.13 )!

 - ' 3  -*5"   %&   "-*>  '"> X* I
O-O #  + *V> =

Page 26 of Page 26

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