Project 1
(Arduino Smart Car)
An Arduino car equipped with a Bluetooth module and an ultrasonic sensor
offers an exciting blend of technology and functionality. The Bluetooth
module allows wireless communication between the car and a controlling
device, such as a smartphone. The ultrasonic sensor enhances the car's
capabilities by enabling it to detect obstacles and measure distances
accurately. With this setup, users can control the Arduino car remotely and
receive real-time data from the ultrasonic sensor, making it an excellent
platform for autonomous navigation experiments and interactive projects.
This combination opens up a world of possibilities for exploring robotics,
automation.
Required components
Microcontroller: Arduino UNO
Motor driver: L298N
Bluetooth module: HC-05
Servo motor: SG90
Ultrasonic sensor: HC-SR04
4 DC morots
Electric circuit for HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and servo motor
Electric circuit for HC-05 bluetooth module
Code
Code for HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
// Pin declarations for the L298N motor driver
const int ENA = 5; // PWM signal for speed control of left motor
const int IN1 = 7; // control signal for direction of left motor
const int IN2 = 8; // control signal for direction of left motor
const int ENB = 6; // PWM signal for speed control of right motor
const int IN3 = 9; // control signal for direction of right motor
const int IN4 = 10; // control signal for direction of right motor
// Pin declaration for the HC-05 Bluetooth module
const int bluetoothTx = 0;
const int bluetoothRx = 1;
// Bluetooth serial object
SoftwareSerial bluetooth(bluetoothTx, bluetoothRx);
void setup() {
// Set up the serial communication for debugging purposes
Serial.begin(9600);
// Set up the L298N motor driver pins as outputs
pinMode(ENA, OUTPUT);
pinMode(IN1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(IN2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ENB, OUTPUT);
pinMode(IN3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(IN4, OUTPUT);
// Set the Bluetooth module baud rate to 9600
bluetooth.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
// Read the data sent by the Bluetooth module
if (bluetooth.available() > 0) {
char command = bluetooth.read();
// Process the command received from the Bluetooth module
switch (command) {
case 'F': // Move forward
forward();
break;
case 'B': // Move backward
backward();
break;
case 'L': // Turn left
left();
break;
case 'R': // Turn right
right();
break;
case 'S': // Stop
stop();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
// Move the car forward
void forward() {
digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN4, HIGH);
analogWrite(ENA, 255);
analogWrite(ENB, 255);
}
// Move the car backward
void backward() {
digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(IN3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);
analogWrite(ENA, 255);
analogWrite(ENB, 255);
}
// Turn the car left
void left() {
digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN4, HIGH);
analogWrite(ENA, 200);
analogWrite(ENB, 200);
}
// Turn the car right
void right() {
digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);
analogWrite(ENA, 200);
analogWrite(ENB, 200);
}
// Stop the car
void stop() {
digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);
analogWrite(ENA, 0);
analogWrite(ENB, 0);
}
Code for HC-05 bluetooth module
#include <Servo.h> //servo library
Servo myservo; // create servo object to control servo
int Echo = A0;
int Trig = A1;
#define ENA 5
#define ENB 6
#define IN1 7
#define IN2 8
#define IN3 9
#define IN4 10
#define carSpeed 142
int rightDistance = 0, leftDistance = 0, middleDistance = 0;
void forward(){
analogWrite(ENA, carSpeed);
analogWrite(ENB, carSpeed);
digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN4, HIGH);
Serial.println("Forward");
}
void back() {
analogWrite(ENA, carSpeed);
analogWrite(ENB, carSpeed);
digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(IN3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);
Serial.println("Back");
}
void left() {
analogWrite(ENA, carSpeed);
analogWrite(ENB, carSpeed);
digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN4, HIGH);
Serial.println("Left");
}
void right() {
analogWrite(ENA, carSpeed);
analogWrite(ENB, carSpeed);
digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);
Serial.println("Right");
}
void stop() {
digitalWrite(ENA, LOW);
digitalWrite(ENB, LOW);
Serial.println("Stop!");
}
//Ultrasonic distance measurement Sub function
int Distance_test() {
digitalWrite(Trig, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(Trig, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(20);
digitalWrite(Trig, LOW);
float Fdistance = pulseIn(Echo, HIGH);
Fdistance= Fdistance / 58;
return (int)Fdistance;
}
void setup() {
myservo.attach(3); // attach servo on pin 3 to servo object
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(Echo, INPUT);
pinMode(Trig, OUTPUT);
pinMode(IN1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(IN2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(IN3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(IN4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ENA, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ENB, OUTPUT);
stop();
}
void loop() {
myservo.write(90); //setservo position according to scaled value
delay(500);
middleDistance = Distance_test();
if(middleDistance <= 39) {
stop();
delay(500);
myservo.write(10);
delay(1000);
rightDistance = Distance_test();
delay(500);
myservo.write(90);
delay(1000);
myservo.write(180);
delay(1000);
leftDistance = Distance_test();
delay(500);
myservo.write(90);
delay(1000);
if(rightDistance > leftDistance) {
right();
delay(360);
}
else if(rightDistance < leftDistance) {
left();
delay(360);
}
else if((rightDistance <= 20) || (leftDistance <= 20)) {
back();
delay(180);
}
else {
forward();
}
}
else {
forward();
}
}
Final Result
