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18 views16 pagesSensation
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numrakhalid3333Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Sensation: your window
window
® Perception: interpreting whi
to the world
at comes in your
Sensation
sensory
and
Perceptual
processes
work
together to
help us
Sort out
Complex
images * Sensation is a process that makes
possible, and facilitates our contact with
reality
* ‘To sense’ means to become aware of
something
e All living organisms have sense organs.
* Sensation is the process by which our
sense organs respond to different stimuli.
is the mechanism through which stimuli
from outside or inside the body are received
and felt by different faculties e.g., hearing,
ht, smell, touch, taste.
pulse is registered in that part of the brain,
has a potential of such reception. The
ess of a stimulus results from the
ption of the sensory receptors —
rhree parts of the psychology of
sensation
ationshi)
sjest The study of the relationship
5: ae te physical nature of stimuli and a
person’s sensory responses to a
sory physiology: ‘The Study of how
“Sey stil ansferred by sensory
sensory stimulus is tr
receptors and processed by the nervous
system.
* Transduction; The action or process of
onverting something and especially energy or
a message into another form. It is that in which
Stimulus is converted into neural impulses
Sensation....important concepts
* Stimulus: A source of physical energy th,
produces a response ina sense org. a -
* Sensation: A process by which an organi:
ism
responds to a stimulus,
°
Intensity: The strength of a stimulus. = Specialized cells in the rr)
Sse ees geet detect
and respond to sensory ue
stimuli—light, sound, Set
pn ms see
odors. It transduce We ae bene ‘i
(convert) the stimuli into
neural impulses
~ Provide the essential link pit ae
between the physical a
sensory world and the
brain
_ Sensory Thresholds
We do not detect all of the stimuli that are present.
‘Senses are limited or Testricted,
Absolute Threshold: The smallest amount of
physical intensity by which a stimulus can be
detected, The absolute threshold is the point
vhere something becomes noticeable to our
- It is the softest sound we can hear or the
touch we can feel. Anything less than
unnoticed 4
Sensing the
the sound
difference be
ulus becomes b
this sunmuls change fixe note
of the radio in, ‘the other room, how do we
ween 2 stimuli:
detectable to us, how do we
‘When we notice
notice when it becomes Jouder i
» Difference threshold (just noticeable difference):
‘The smallest detectal
stimuli.
The difference thres!
needed for us to recognize
ble divference between two
hold is the amount of change
that a change has occurred.
This change is referred to as the just noticeable
difference.
= The JND increases with the amount of the
stimulus.
Subliminal:
-
* Can we ever detect stimuli that are below
threshold? As humans, we have
8reat abilities
to perceive thin,
gs (e.3., to i
: ei to see thin,
[ebshine far away, to hear ern
nce, etc.). However, we also have :
limitations
* Subliminal;
Below one’s
e's absolute
Is awareness, threshold * When we are presented with some
information that is just below our conscious
awareness but still reaches our prains, itis @
subliminal message.
You may be familiar with the idea of
subliminal messages js advertising in which a
message |S flashed so quickly that we don't
think’ we saw it (containing the message the
advertiser wants us to get) but our brains
actually processed it. The idea being that we
will still respond to that message even though
we didn't realize we saw it.
.
Sensory adaptation
= The process of becoming less sensitive to an
unchanging sensory stimulus over time
nsory Adaptation occurs when sensory
ptors change their sensitivity to the stimulus.
‘example of sensory adaption is dark
‘ation, when the pupil of the eye gets bigger
hen exposed to a dark environment
e Attention
ing of conscious awareness on a particular ° The eye is a very complex, delicate, and vital
structure, that is responsible for an organism’s
interaction with the external world. It is the
most important and influential sense organ.
* It receives information from the outside world
in the form of light, and sends loads of
information to the brain all the time
° The human eye is a little less than one inch in
diameter and almost spherical
eye has a very specific design or form,
ch captures and processes light coming
utside...light reflected by the stimuli
inction like a camera, which has its
, and a lens through which the light 2. Sclera: Outer walls of the eye are formed by a
hard, white substance called ‘sclera’, sclerotic
coat covers 5/6th of the surface of the eye. The
sclera is commonly known as "the white of the
eye.” Itis the tough, opaque tissue that serves
as the eye's protective outer coat.
upil: A dark, adjustable opening in the center of
the eye through which the light enters. It changes its
‘size as the amount of light entering the eye varies
Around the pupil of the eye, there is a ring of
nuscle tissue that controls the size of the pupil
opening, through its contraction and expansion.
ntains the color pigments and thus gives color to
.__ the color which the eyes possess such as
, black, green, blue ete are due to the iris
J | © Retina: Retina is the light- sensitive inner
) surface or chamber of the eye that converts the
electromagnetic energy of the light into useful
information for the brain.
* It contains about 130 million nerve cells.
ns the receptors rods and cones plus
is; these cells are very important as
e the processing of visual
is an area of 5 square centimeters
ack of the eye, which is a
re all light detection takes place.
