oO Phasical Quantities and Var Pogsical Quantes: dhe quantrlies Hat lave a nomencat value, a vat and Can be measured: Tgpesi i. Base quantrties : She guaaties that do ot reguie ong ofr quartitg To define Poem. 4 len time, mass, venperature , Celectrie) Current amount ef Substerce, ght loteanr ty. Base Uarts: Uats Of base guanttes dhe units fat do cot require ay ofter Units % define fen . base guactibies Base Unis feng meter (m) time Second Cs) MISS Avlog ram Cka) Temperature. kelvin CK) Electrre Cuwent gmpee CA) Amourt Of Subshoce mole Cm) Cight lo reastey candela Cod)2. Derived panties: the quartets dat reguire offer (bare) probes bo define. eg: area, Volume, peed, acceleration, Pre ete. W guantibves offer Hon bate quantities, are denved guantities. Denvecl Units: ons of deriveol guadtians "he vu hat Aepero! yon base nits % defre hen. Write he vors go folowing aerial quadtitves va fems of base —-Uaits - 1. Area: gaits: mm 2. Volume: Uv: am? 3. Veloce ty oR peed: Velocity = _Uplocoment chet] fone Units: mn Ss =ms4. Bcceleraboo on deceleration | 9: gravitelon feeld Sheng Acceleration = ht 1 Velocity time -) srace vars Unit —”7s Of Velocity: ms? s = ms 5. Force oR werght pre: Fama Since waits mass —> kg @ —» ms* Varts: N= tg ms* 6. Moment or Torque oR work oR Energy —> Chave Same base varts) Moment = Fors Sy displacement or Distence baits 2 Agms .m SJuuk (7) = Aga s™* fower: Work © xs Nork pe time = Maxs Units 3 Agms _m™ Watts (w) = $s . kgm s* cs) 7 Ss kgm oF 8. Pressure oR Stress oR Young's wnodulus Fone Fema 2 Pe fren : ayms Units : ) ue - Ams m* joa gna. = ky ms pene aqm Ss 4. Density : mass Voloeme Ag Vals = 3 = ky?0. mromentum = oR Impulse. Momentum = mass x Veloce ty vats N.s = kyms- : M,. jog Gastent CK) Force Fe ma Extention = ‘9 mst Oats : - = hans” Extension: m nm = Ags” (2. Frequencg : fe 7! perrod Tr dors: S arts: He= 1 s Hz = gs!13. Chae: Charge = Cumert x tome Votts: Coulomb (C) > As 4. voltage oR pd. OR EMF Voitepe = Work, We Fxs Charge = Maxs Units vats = ka ms* m . gms”? AS Charge: Trt 1 As Volts = kgas ig! 1s. Electrce/ Resrstance : R= Vv uy L nits : ; kgm? sy”16. Resishiuit : a -3 2-2 R: Resalance » kom s A f= aA A: Cross sectron prea» m* lL: im Unik: lob Ay os 7A mt m 4-3-2 = kgm S 4 ™ Ge) og oe = kgm 4 = hy mis gePrefixes : noulerples ard lab-raethples LeHers or dymbolt wed before fe vat fa quaatity 1s too lage of foo Smalh Tera (T) 0 pico Cp) 0” Goya (6) nwo (n) 0? mega (m) 408 micro (py) ir kilo Ck) 10° mil (m) w? To Get Me Krled plese 00 more maths 2 Centr ccd 10 det Cd) 16" g Q:| write S6xl0 F aw was. 8 = S610 09 Calculator 108 ENG | G be Wed fe Ge pouas of enultrples f 3 = S60NT0:2 Convert 8410" C rao ph Qk 116” L po Loulom bs) = 10 = O-A8 pe O: Gnverk 350 mT nt MJ: Replace mille by 15? 35007? I Now Chanye tqte mega: = 10° = 360 6? 108 -F = 3.fx0 natReasonable estimates incheded 19 Sylabus. of ome rye Quaghes Z. NIASS of an apple: 04 t% Yoo t 2. Number Of Joules 1 One kifewaty hour: & =prt /Kw = to00w lhr = 36005 = (000% 3600 = B6e0000F = 3.6r08 T etimete. OR = JEM L gar—eenr] @ Deasyty of water: exact: /000 nm? Estimate: Joo fs (100 hn? @ Deosit of ac: OS kam? fo IS tar® nave lenglos of Different Clours of yt 19 ait frac Learn: Mavelergtn L while light Yoonm te #SOnm ve¢ 6 G@ Y Oo R Viet badge Blur. ge Pillows oreme red yoonm —4S0nm, SdOnm —S$dnm 600nm Foonm FSONm —_ keep 4 differwce Y Form ultra vrolet- hfia rect Less #han Yoonm more faa Zs0nm €j: 200nm F: 9001» © poe oe cua) on Ulbatourd : Typread Upecds Solids 3eoo me’ — » 6000 sl 5000 ms Goud toooms’ 5 2.000 ms! (Soo ms” S ases (00 ms > fooms" 330 ms!@ mass of 2 protractor: Sg ot fog © vmass Of 300m Rater: Gy fe 7°09 @ mass of a Wood mekr Rule : 77] te 200% @® mass ef on adult = 60 & T #0 “7 @ weight ¥y aq adult; 600N ff FOON @ Kuang pee! f @ Normal person: about Sms a@ Feed Y a9 ofpleke Running 19 Of pres : about O ms @D %nebc eneigy o Q normal Ruarrey person: a Ke: 3 mv 2 plott = boo F —y 1000 =y x 60KS = Os @ Kinebc 2neig 7 of Q0 Qfhelete Komi 19 Oomps KE= 3 mv . Ybout —fo00f —— Yoooy = 3 «60X10 = JO00T® Volume of head of on adult pose: Assume Head a u Cube: Dimenons: About 2o0cuw 1 20Cm x 200m = so00cm* ; phot Soeotm’ % fo00tm @ bhme of 4 Tennis Clncket-) bell, Assume OF phere of Readius = Yom Y= 44)’ 3 phot = 2606m? Joo cm? Soocm Pressure due % depts Lf Jom of wakr. weak: f= (600 kom? Ja 78! "Cle Dyprx) h = lom P= f gr Joout _ J steate $0,000 fy —> 200,000 = 100,600 Pa@ fryueacy of % audible Sond wave: 2042 to 20000H2z @® Wave length of fucible Vourdl 19 ofr, Speneel: 330 ms” Az AzX f fF = _330 = 330 20000 20 al}m = ©-OlFm Aout O.0lFm to 17% @® Draneter (ize) af 9 thom: -7 -y 10 m __. 10 ® Danory (Sx) of Nocleus 15 ft Oo — > o™@ dhekness of a paper Sheek dan: 10 Sheets Qre Obout Lmm So one Steels o-lmm ©:0Smm —» 0. lSmm @) Werght Cf tovocm of weer. {000 cw” 5» | Let Learns each L Ut of water =< 7 ee So weight = omrg =< Lx © (eshmwak ) = JON BN wm 124@ Ypoximate value of Rove f Ppho. porbeles fq arr: lem To (olm @ Canent igo foo (or ay Iwuse bold Splores) SA fe (£4 & Iouna's erodulyy Of metals: About orcler + 10 PouHomogeniety Of Equations: Hlomogencous Equations Vj ang equation ° rmula ts True then “each Term ‘rust have Some unit. OR Units on Leff hand Vrde are Jame as unity 09 Right hanel Siete Note: whl lon ning unis , goere- fla Numericef “ values Cuan bers) We U* + das ts Hompeneous; (ms') = (ms') + msm Vs fnab velocity O-~> lark] Velocity mS) = mS” +m s™ a-> feceleraton Since each Term has Jame S—» axplacement. Units So epuason rs hemp peneu@ We fe defaitin x pressure a shu Pet P= fg fe = Fuh Ofeq wei” - Ayn: mim ayes . ngs Ky mis? = kgm se” So % us Homogeneous. M-F 2006 PL @:/ Cb) Fzcrv Fe “ honugereon S. poet : kg ms Area: = m* vk wo I Fceelerator of free fall Gions* h: ™ Resistive fore vr: radius & Sphere Vv: Oenve fee Sl base nif of Coattent Cc. Subject: c= _& mre pew Units = Kgs” ») W. ms”! ul 3 & Lt a 0 peed SF SphereMJ 20/12 Fl Qi 1¢a) y$2 base ums of Ylume: Units: m? -2 i) Shou that ST bare vats of premvre ave Agus P= F A 2 Unik: idee) on™ = Age's” 4 4) YU. Pr keg: t BCL V — toime Determine SI base Yk of C. t—> time y rads Sobjects C= TPE 1, fangs §4V Units « kegs? ms! m.m?> = Apes! sl a = ‘4 mistAqJ~ 204 Pu O3 v= k/ 228)? (7) fod fe Value oa 0 ms! = ( go) 219 ms! = (nis? )” ws = om’. so Compare: ” d= 2n neg V> peed AP» Charge tin presture f> deasity K 2 Costajt wit No vorts =F Poe pe me a = po 28" ) a Po gn7-20 PII f = fad Q-2 Cc m KY Valwet LG padye - S = ag” Oger” sos Kg? ag. ov Gmpare: Ky O= pty = pod O= pry erg Mm —> mass f > fregeeacy Ko yy thant C > Conphant wi't No vars arts frejwerey : S mass: ky cE LX k= Kg ris™ we -2 K—> «9S =I13° Errors and Uncertainty: Error: Measured value f° puantity “ afperent from 7rue value. Ty hes of Errors: & Sptemate Ever. 4- Random Error. L fstematc Evror: all measured = walues are ertter always greater Ban True value or always fey oo True Value. + Systemetic Ever 1s a varckvedana! Ener. > fgstematre enor fs Caused by faulty Spactes. Zero etl. tow to Mmiaiose fystemahe. Error: Zero Guectran Ald os dubtract fle Zero efor from all fan meafrred Readings. feance Zero Lrrer tn graph: > & fe ye) hes tobercept 9 efter axis, “t had Zero error. * | Gr fel ame has Zero error [ Why ?. 7@ Random Error: —H 1s biedivectonal error: “eased ralwes are altered 09 both Sides Of True value! > Measured vals con be bdo Less or more -fhao True value- 29: a Respose CReachioo ) Time ~ fataller enrol C Error occurs by rewibs fee Scale from — tifferteat dayles or positoons” Freseace of Random Eyror 10 gr "points ae Scatter 07 bets Sedes of bart ft lxoe.” How te mieromise — Sffedt of Rencbom: a Measure /oultple Reading ond Jeke Freraxehecisiog and fecuracg. hrectgn9: Range oo measured values ton clse tie mecwe values are # ech Mer.” Precise values: have verq Smell Rar. Too Close fo each cher. Inprecsse tralwes are Caused & Raden error. 4ec vracg: + Gverage of ) meuned values ry Close fo True value. Inaceuracg 4 Causech 4 Sik ate error. A: 4ccurate Ne Syamatre 8: Accurale Systematic : No precise sn, Redon (pene Fe oN ed True True ce: Nothecurake Gstemehe: Yes O° Met dee ured precise Renta: leat ( ‘ i Imprecase. Systeme Nes ruse True Random: FesPrectje: ~~ Accurate: x Precise : No Accurate: Jos Errers Spitemahe : Yes Rordom: Yes Rendon: Wo Syoteadtic: No Accurate: ro b Prectje: Ne Accyrate : Yes Fecese: Yes 4 Evrors: Systematic. : Ves : We NoUn cerfararig : Amount of error 19» — guarkty. Sigoificant Fgeres of Uncer lara ty: — for Percentage vacerfatar ty ; 2 Spyvificant fp urs 6: G24 0.)m LOL = 9 nw0 AW2Z 2 ~ fr whole Number quadthes , we one Significant figure fal tncer bara by C5040) ob! > for Decimaf ralues of a wank By > Uocentaiai ta , choulol” have’ fame No demas “as fie puanhidy. C+ (.2+ 0.m Represents Pa Uncerbatar % : © Sbrolute Yacertarar ty; Apporded Next 1 (5.6 201) m he vate of 0 guatly. Q-! +s Abeoluk Oncer tel Ty® Fra choral Uncertarnitg Raho AY Fbsoluse Uncertarny' and Aehiet ror Luce of goofy 7 ot = 20 y Leasth : 21 +0.0))m “ £2) ® Percentase Oncerdarorty ; Ve deagts: (£2) + o-ot)m AL =< O-ol £2! = OANFA AN0ORules pr Uncertainty Gleulahogs + @ fr Bddytroa OR Subbrathog of Tuo auontrtes: > Add Ybsolute Uacer bain’ iy of each. e7. Orginal lpasth @ gnng: (12-1 + O-[ Jem a olay Lash ap oh 8.3 #01) e% extenoa: 15.3 —12-/ KR = B3-2¢m Sn: O-1+0-1 extersroo: (3:240.2Jém =O.2Cm ® for Dusieq OR Kaviuplicahon: = first add frachonaf uncertain te F cach quernty . C°R add percentage bocertataty) > hen Mu teple wit tee gefral Value of pecdite . @© for Exponent (powers): — nulteply fae frachon af Lacerdatathy by thee power ~2 OR eerltiply Percendese vacerdaint 6 Power’Salars nd Vectors: Scalar Quaottes: Are quanerres thal have mapivats Gad voit. examples: Mass, time, temperatre, distance, Speed, powel, work, energy, pressure, density, volume, Current Voltage CfA or emp) ,” electical resistance, chayge, frewneency , pend, Area , Phermad Copac'ty, valu , Vector Quanhhes: Phe quanhhes Mat have magia, unit and directon. example, St displacement, velocéty, acceler aton, reek, momentym , Jompulse, moment, Torque, Fensron ( Forte) weght Cpree) rag Cfrce), oprhrust Goce) L Gravitation had. woe elehrt freel stpResubtant Vector of coplaner vectors: 4 Sige vector that has combined effect oF ucttiple Vertws wheq added or dubtracted. Coplaner vectors: he vectors Hat fe sn Same plore. Lio Same 2d plare) Gyexy If Two or more Coplarer vechrs are ig Same directioa: > dd thet nagtuctes % get maputude of Resuttart vector ~» O%eetwa of Resultaat vector Same as te quer Veron s fon Ns > sao Resu lint CR: r "TS pio ¢ 20 = YSN Towards Right .Case:2 lf Two vectors are 19 opposite. alirectoons, C130) Fhe Subfad fe magatioles fo gef mogaitele » > resultant Vector: 7 7 7 7 -, vector Sf Resulperf veda! if 9 Toa Airechog ef vechy wily greater mmapaitece. Yon agn a] > ResutLtaat pre: mr agabucke Gor2s = /IN Dredg: % He teft- Case: 3 YE Two vectws Ore at rg angle Gperperdtewler) ten Use. 4agoras Gheorenn 10 fhd maynitvee of ee tO veciby (as dhe “opin of freys) Maple Af - SH + g* Resubaat reckon : 6s i (2) —s Described divehsa wits respet wo fee.A boat = mwa fowards east at Veloce} /5 ms"! 19 Shi) water. w 4 water © Curent SfarAs to move +o Nott dethon at deed Ems. ! Exod magaitucte & ¢ Direction o£ resultant vebeety Y boat. yert ges a Maqorivde Sir 6 éms = AISE ms” = ms! Direchoa: Oo = faq / é ) Qe 28 North - East -Resultant — Vectors wing Lele diagrams: @ Head t Tals Ruler Ofter Choosing a0 cypropriale Scale, 5 Draw dhe frst vedor as st ts. > Draw fhe 20d vettr Such frat far/ of tad vertr 1's Competed 10 hed Sf fot vector , and fo on. > Gnnet fe Tail of fast Ved t te head ¥o last vector tt frrd resultant Verfor. * Diredeon OL Resultant vector /s am Tet! sf fest vedor To Head 2 Last Vertby- Addition of vectors: —__—_> Qa /: a+h=? a7 aarbtc: Subtiaction SF vectors: ~> Reverre Me mirechry of vertor ft be Subhacted. —s pheq ppl head Tw Ta! Rule- 6-a -a& 6Parallelo gram method: ~» Suitable oy vii Two vewors * dhe Two vectors must be Comected Such that dtuey have Common Fails (or Common head) > Hagnen ad of parelltleyam rs fla resultent Vverbr. ® if a System o petty fo Gees > Vector Alasram will mai Closed Pygen >» Head f Git ver” wil co-rnide” wutth tail of fist vector. a+b+e=0Resolution OF Vectors rot perpendicular Components: Adjacent ~ Fosa Faso F haa How to fred Masntca § Director of Rerubfar ws ‘serprd cater Components: Pega ttuele: Fe + F&F Diyrecteon: O= br (2) —s O: ust be descatsed wirhy rapect fo o foe:Fading Resuttoat Veter Using Vector Resolution: x Resolute each vector int Two papendicular Component dha A = 4dd al) bor2nfaf Gnporents = (Sum oS hight — Som of Het Siete) SF = Geld a vertical’ Componenk. = C fom of vpwarcs — Jum 7 chunwards) theo — Magaihee £. 36 (Sh +h Resulént Deeton: O- tax ($F ) (Described! S Notty: Ya System 470 equilly boom , thon forces are baloncedt. 4 Aight Side frcos = H) befy Side forces fio Ww ipower forces =f pounwad pre