NeRrokig Forouzaun
Lomputer Uetwork.s Taninbaum.,
Large number O Seperatebut interconnerted
CompLuAerA hyaNumeank
Alao lae de fine Computr N/acsliestien
cuutonomoueCmputers Ndercennefed ey a single
tecnslea xample Toternat
Network.s.
Uses of Computer
Business Applicatton
Serve
clentF
Client
Server
Cemmuntcai s l
mdiaVidler
troiLiny
harin
Kesourca aring
a Kesource
Q
Cau
e- omeaerce VoTP (Voice over Laernet
-mai >esouca ahann
to_peer.oal ofcempay
protec el), peer
high reliauty, 3 aying meey sciity7
)Heme Applucaki en
wed_preceein 11ttinet ercammerce.
actoiu, Le 5il paynent e flea,
nune anua
vof PTV_fe to eeer Sealmedsa op ge uke
) Mooile iex
rcmMexce
-phone ayoPs weaale itcsb e umart a t
ocia Lsues
hsin, addictive fak e neus
evntcon se loun)
sarene entypten o olata ,frackin
Network Hardare
roaattaatLik
iIransmiss)o Tetnolsky paint tepQintkk
17 Scale ey Cerfte Cene ded
Poind to paintI CEmnected to ndviotUAN
Paa d maching
multifle Cutes deata _paCkek wt addres
n brondcao netuorl tia
hanne irshomd lyau H mo
Whe nRtLUTk Packa sent y Ony Mac ne_
arereceived bal the othessQnd dddreso
feld_uthin the peckat s/e cgeA he intendad
recpiet:Upon receitiN o Pochet ,a mainae
checke tha addaafield 1f he patkad hag
Oddreu of Semu oBher matkie t nDTed-
50otin myLaatiry
v e o c , a t JKy
A Mcc e poit
dependend nckroylaa
pra
Scale
LAN
MAN NAN
MAN, AN
AN
e
Wired l r a l.
eronol/ea V Iui oYk
eAN
3eteeth
C Mmce On veN rare e perten
Mastey Slaves
Netwosle
lted y irelley t
Leca reA
LAN cteodULe in eade
qLle co1ne
e g C o m p t e r z oq n
irele AN
- s n t a a d o r d
ireo
edtiemet
TrFE o l 3
cevern a
re eturo
MAN Muhooten
airele
WImax
Cay (LsrlduJR Lnter Operoubilt
Miraave 1CCEsoIlity)
tcndar d
E C 202:16
Cennechn
WAN Wide a r e s _ N e t u e ereie
vetserk 1
Lentinets is icd Ar
( S t e li elemcdi.are
3Peu'odiseo Comyde
hb7es
Nebrl ep astwrrts celntd
dinen daly
Networlk Soflare.
HOSt-2
t5341
tagr
4
dace1-
PhySical me ouu
funion e laye
ar and
The number
a C t eo
24fsck o
ensaka are
Mot
helos Other
rotocs le Let of rules
canea On a
hen l2yer n_of one mac hins
On_Caul afher
o n v e U o n s weel n
moclaine ThA rUlto ond
der cowersaten are Colle Ltiue
QA potocal heentites Comynanf
mac
oLLeapandino ages on oliferent
gye calledPesLA
Host 2
ast
MK
yer
M
y uler
m t t n n s
Leonnatr
oyon applicatien Proce
Mproouced tmisn
mesp 4 fe
given loyer
la4er_51t
Iunning&-
Iunningin_
th ALLOage
Header Nf ont_o
Leyyer puts a
reault to Lay 9:
Ond patea 4ha meaAge
breok u he incomin
er addinpupaneaael-
upaheader
SmallerPacketf (M, M and
to each_packkt Sk
rculeY Md
a eader a n d a
ge2addA
f phyni.
ve h rtaulting measage f o layer
anAYmiision-
Laye fo LpperLoer
Lay
o1/3/2
Decig suesfarLoye rs
Reliability is tha odeain 'srue o
menp n e t o r k hat pe rates Cconectiit,
mouiap
rors2 here aChance that Sorne of
the bjtr b e . e eceivec clarmasid (inverteel
the
clue to hardware Soplasarebugs
Koutins 1Ssuess noins a
1he sotkins
findin
Lh nun
..Addreacing namin&-
Protocol layering isalso design 14La
nets orle rad l e g e s _ a n d
tha time
snnecAed_~o the
ne deaigns need fo be
otace
esistingF netoork,
Lering
Kesouce. allo cotong-
utthandieaten
Connection OrientedA_v onneCtionLess ServiceS
Simta Postcl Systew
Simi lar te teleplar ne AJadn|F
The Service user ArSt eeL lishes a_ CohnecGSn Uge
fhe connect9n and then_YelRos es R 9neckD.
Lash mebogs (airiA M Cestinceti0n addvesA
and each e iroLted fhrauge Antex mediate
nedes
Like datefron Setvices net relosle)
trt Teerc Services
V
Service Piinitivez-
- LTSTEN
ACCEPT
RECEIVE
SEND
-DISCONNE T
Cllent
Connet feuut.
2hcceet Repone
e t o doto
Sconne
Aknouedg1d ai0gum
S e Se r v i c e iformally- defined o a e t of-
Osasldsde
functi emA
Paimitives (ape retiens e
ARrvise
st the user Proce fo aCceA t A
Keference Model
OST Irananaàion Cenie paah?al
OPEn Syrtem
intesfoace
So- 03
7layer modele
nc iple c
_wu-defiacd
Ea ahoulel perfema
lauex
AcctienTheLmctian af_euch
uvth_inkraafonally-
in accgrolane
be cladr
SLandardi'sed paotoc ola_
ayerAlasule beCreateol uere ea
A
_dffereat alatsactien
is needed
l o o u a d a s i e d A h s u d _be
chSKen
Ihe layer
to_minimise fhe
informedion fle
accoor t n e inlerfoce
Po&el
Hest.1 teat 2
APelicaina APrlitaen
resenatian Presenicdian
Sezsipn é Sesisn eS
1 ransport Transpor ay
Netwok
Netw orkk
Dot Gnk La
Poet a ink
-Phsicod
Physialk
tranmitin_1au
ranSmiHing TQL
Concerned wth
Physical layer is Channel:
a transmi 9SiOn
data bits Over
the dafs
loyeruncéion is to brecsk u
DOaLk fame
ano tranomii khe
into dote rones
all uther dwdss dulayt
Meolum Accea Contrel (mAc
have m tCue in tha Data
ta
yodeouwt netork
oCentrQ acceao ob h e Ahored
Ce aw OL
u n k kouerthe
Clanne: A culoger inhe data
Lnyea_daecals ta thepr0ble
Mediu M Acceas Contas!
vdhal connectia 9-/9h
inteface
Nofsde e Ho_paclketi are_cauted 4fa ourte_to ceatiluaha4
octnport Aoyer PrDvide end-t eno
cenne cien and La NConrol:_
segsion lauyepaDvidea theauale cent
betuneep h03t s_
Presentaten ay hordl Lncaypthen nd
decryehen o clata
Applcaden gvea e indesfocs
TcP Refen Modei
V TCPlL
Appieatnn
tredade
e i on
Tromap or mele
Neturok
Dot Cink
nteenAt
Lnk
Physice
t
e
Laseai
loualeaf aye i n he
{ayer mooe, t
Link he d e o c n b e sw
wnhb
o ot
t
CLACnbt
ink
ayer
c l a s s i c
thernet
therne
miLAt do to meRt
Linta
and Co1ar2e.c_tioWsa iniernet laue
eedaf-
thu
nteznet ayer
t a t _heldo
the whel
h t e i n c h e i o
T h it _ t h e
archite ctiure 9 e t h e r and
ma
an
A R l p a c k e
CNfenet_Protocsl )a l u s a
cleinse p Contro
Centnet
9Caleo K
(LLnn::fte
er, n e t
ol Lcme
ol Lcme
coleoulle
collle
2-othocol
protocol
Cempaiaienproto kncAen,he he jsb
4
t h a t helps
Peohocel delive iepacks
del
_s_te
laye
h
meoe
in the 7ce
yapor Aayer layer
neLnet kouer
above tans20rt
enttes h e Soura
Soura
layee tlae the
The AoUesl
entfhe
n
n o _ w a u a l y
peer Nerdoh
deeigncol
to allo camy en a c
t hosts o Tse_esl
f
olestination laiya
imd 0 f T _ E K O m S p o K t
deined
her
he huen C t l Probers
j t a s in onetacals
Lonp
rciper1
end
pskecad
Ceanect
on
reuoLe an
etoco
#efotol),
Dotaam G n k S h e t ,
1/JeDot
h e nd i s U D P pes
p a o t e c e lL L E n e amd Gpalico
Onnecfia
nlea
l m g c o t e n t
more
more
_Pompi
eleiver
then
eplieation Loyer
On to etiaa fanagori laue tr the
healicoutGeu Levy Dtcentcine oll t h ghe
Laxel eretoral h Ray nA inclded
Vitual ternina e etpe Aletoe TELNED
e tcuLuef er LEpP) n s maul Snple
Mail transles precolSmTP) Moy
Other_patecolo laCAAre leLO_addeol tie
O xiae year ie he Domaun NOme
SyPtemlDnit)_- mappi- hssthames ind
fheir_neturorle dolrederes ypea teyt
DraaAfe potsl (H7Te)tha tota f
fÄsain hlerldwila ae
TCP/21f_ Betenence Mode
HTTP
TrCUtmi TCP UDA
ndetnei71Pf
SoNE n1Eihttnut
Sbitnbe
Las
Otical
Networ lking Devices
Cempe
eutey o1hc electëni olesacea
hosether e thatthey om4hare 4ilea
Cook4l es Lilke Yoter
Diftexent Nwio olevnce
HUB
Sw Tc
CATenNAY
BRIDGE
RauiER
KEPEATER-
HUB: Abulh if_a Cemmen_cmnachon font
deMtes in a hetunork Hub a e Cemonly-
woe cennect cnti e aa LAN A hubcsat
ans ulijple 2or t ahen a
Snth netwerk Sut C aloy Colleol uttlniny ht,
A e i c e Jcllae. n
Catewaay
A e t s e r k 9tesaNa Com e e leknentd
mpletelu
haadiware.
Aependiny toeets taey
to4y eArel o Q des
bxidge
s a Cgmputu netisrhe eledte t a t
creates a Ainle
muutpe Mmun n/U
à ealled nAtuode nn
The n t i e n
Roter
networ king delle
dota Packt betArten tOeten nefwo rsa
Koar refoa h frJic dakCty kthti B
A dote acke y typially fomnoded taun
hreh dhe
inteaoAt wt
nebuerlos hot_conatituke tha nttentt
taclaes 1s destinastion nde
Aepeader
demt e oed f aegeneKate s
Anetuerk
s a n a l :NepcateNA a r u2eel in.
epica
to rEaenerou analei o7
tAndzaipn 4ystene
djitalAgnak i t o r t e d loy nnamAaan la22:
dtence. g}_doy apiky d
Ceaertonpe
nol.
-
exer mance fanete
3andwr
e_uaracte ns {hot meamues naturl
fefomnance onduuu'tth: Howeren he tern
Cena oc uaed in turoofpeem aate rt w
3andwdk
br pe secend/
Randwutth in Hertz
oaelAitthin He t2 r the
Contadneo a ceap oJie J a l HaR
Fe x we com soy ha londm th «
tlehenis
OLghput
m throughpuat is ocoeau pfat=
we cam actually Aend dota throgL a hide.
MLouG at kuaglanca bamdinth cae t Pea.
dnd dink aass a nnduwth o
ootter utordtoe omolwirh ic o pohihÁe,
hlaugapiat==-
a
C
baadlth f MbpCbnt heoleaca eeuncsted
Cndo4 the nlc may LLQundle nly 20lbp
dlae
Lateny dine e s Len4 t t k e .
helaateny delay
enhre 3 pcAraplAfAy Asve e
he destinati'as Prm the time tlae a t bitA
freulan)
Swtching-
R
C mno
Awdched nctusr COyinta
inteanleeo nadta, colk cl_AAuthea.
fnype reny enntcimoL
leicts nked to the suudn.
tGxOnomy of Surtu e d Wet rles_
elosiiatien s4
Suteatd
twodes
Crcut tatkut
S telRd
Switenes
Aleturot Vtrtuo
etrcotti
ACtwoeo
Suutulae o e tuw orka
CircLut
accNt d telke c NLY a Set_ Sutt
unVa. a
Caninateo b y P U A i
deolicote laannA Eat Link ach Unk
n.maly divded inAe n_ehonnel bu
e Ce -
nhenel
-lardln felph ones
Pacle et r urituhtd lw
AEdeuTcE at aUleretted demana
