Techniques and their effects
Technique Effect
Distinctly describes the subject/ style to the
Use of Adjective and Adverb
reader
Adds a rhythmic effect, makes it memorable
Alliteration
for reader, grabs reader’s attention
Contrast/ Juxtaposition To signify difference; give a new perspective
Description Strikingly paints a vivid image of the subject
Dialogue (between two or more people) Makes text dynamic, lively
Direct Address (you) Makes text engaging
Specific Time Give real time experience
Gives the reader a feel of progression of time, a
Mentioning time throughout the text
ticking clock scenario
Makes reader familiar with character and their
Direct speech (just a quotation)
attributes
Series of actions Makes text adventurous, sets the pace
Emotive Language Arises emotions in the reader
Makes them familiar with past and hence more
Flashback
connected to the text/ character
Gives a front row seat to reader; allows the
reader to follow along; makes the reader feel
First person
like as if they are the one doing everything;
makes text immersive
Lets the reader experience one’s thoughts,
Third Person
feeling emotions from a wider perspective
Makes text friendly; engaging; builds a
Colloquial/ Informal Language
relation amidst the reader and writer
Shows respect to reader; makes topic sound
Formal Language
serious
Exaggerating to give reader a new perspective,
Hyperbole
to stress at the subject; makes text dramatic
Techniques and their effects 1
Technique Effect
Connectives Adds coherence(smooth progression) to text
Makes content stand out; makes reading
Bullet Points
important things convenient for reader
Repetition To emphasize; ensure they are memorable
Rule of three To emphasize; ensure they are memorable
To make the subject synonymous to another
subject; shows deeper meaning of the content;
Use of Connotations of one word
helps set an environment; helps understand
something better
Simile/ Analogy Gives new perspective; spices up scenarios
Gives more literal significance, a deeper
Metaphor
understanding, new perspective
Makes the text more lively, vivid; sympathize
Personification
with inanimate beings
Gives user a vibrant idea of what sound is
Onomatopoeia
heard
Engages reader emotionally, makes them
Anecdote
attached to text, shares a sense of empathy
Throws reader into a state of deep thinking;
Rhetorical Question
triggers an analysis from the reader
Superlative Spotlights hierarchy of something
Parenthetical Jokes, Irony, Jokey asides, Puns Makes text engaging, builds relation with reader
Brackets, Dashes, Semi-colons: Add additional
information Colons: Introduce a list, connect
Punctuation two sentences with similar ideas Hyphens:
Create combined words, which generally
appeal more to user
Backs writer’s argument, presents an exact,
Statistics
accurate picture
Pathetic Fallacy → Referring to natural world to Reflects the character’s inner notion; shows
correlate character’s thoughts feelings to a deeper extent
Euphemism → An alternative word used to Ensures text remains optimistic and isn’t
reduce any potential negativity steered towards negativity
Techniques and their effects 2
Technique Effect
Foreshadowing Gets readers excited
Twists Keeps readers on the edges of their seats
Red Herring → Diverts attention from a
significant subject to something less important, Keeps readers enthralled in suspense about
to mislead, riddle, provide a false clue to the what happens next
reader
Dramatic Irony → When author gives a clue to Keeps readers interested in wanting to know
readers but not the protagonist of story how the protagonist figures stuff out
Allegory → to explain a difficult scenario in an Helps reader understand critical topics; hunt for
easy manner by aid of simple things the esoteric meaning
Puts reader in a state of analysis, where they
Allusion → An indirect reference to something try and find what the author is trying to refer to;
find the enigmatic meaning
Epiphany → a moment of sudden realization by Diverts story instantly, and puts reader in an
character awe
Paradox → An apparent contradiction, which
Grabs reader’s attention, keeps them interested
has secrets behind it
Explains something more vividly, in a comical
Oxymoron
way
Techniques and their effects 3
