Alprazolam
Classification: Benzodiazepines
Indication: to manage panic and anxiety disorders
Action: binding to the benzodiazepine derivatives site on the GABA A receptor to enhance the affinity of
channel opening by the agonist gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Nursing responsibilities:
In patients receiving long-term alprazolam therapy, monitor hepatic and renal function tests.
Also, order their complete blood count test periodically.
Assess the patient for paradoxical reactions, particularly during early therapy.
Evaluate for therapeutic responses such as calm facial expression, decreased restlessness, and
insomnia. Monitor the patient’s respiratory and cardiovascular status.
Cetrinzine
Classification: antihistamines
Indication: treating seasonal allergies in adults and children two years and older
Action: blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms.
Nursing responsibilities: Assess symptoms and record baseline before and during treatment. Assess
respiratory status, such as wheeze or tightness of the chest. Cetirizine is good at reducing rhinorrhea
and sneezing, but less effective at reducing nasal congestion
trajenta
Classification: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor
Indication: indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2
diabetes mellitus
Action: blocking DPP-4, a protein that breaks down certain hormones in your body
Nursing responsibilities: Assess Laboratory test results: blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, renal and
hepatic function. Monitor Hemoglobin A1c, blood glucose levels, and renal function tests; side effects.
Evaluate Therapeutic response: improved glucose control
cnolib
Classification: Lipid modifying substances
Indication: indicated in adults at high risk of heart disease in which the levels of cholesterol defined as
"bad" (LDL cholesterol) are already controlled with the corresponding dose of simvastatin taken alone.
Action: medicine for improving blood fat levels.
Nursing responsibilities: Carry out lipid profile. Assess cholesterol at six weeks. Perform liver function
tests in first year of treatment. In the case of rhabdomyolysis with increased muscle tenderness and
creatine phosphokinase, therapy should be discontinued. Renal tests for patients with impaired renal
function.
Gliclazide
Classification: insulin secretagogues
Indication: Control of blood sugar in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Action: stimulating β cells of the pancreas to release insulin
Nursing responsibilities: Limit alcohol while taking this medication because it can increase your risk of
developing low blood sugar. Rarely, alcohol can interact with gliclazide and cause a serious reaction with
symptoms such as facial flushing, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or stomach pain.
sevelamer
Classification: phosphate binders
Indication: for the control of serum phosphorus in adults and children 6 years of age and older with
chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis
Action: prevents hyperphosphatemia by binding to dietary phosphate in the gut, preventing its
absorption and thus decreasing serum parathyroid hormone levels
Nursing responsibilities: Instruct patient to take sevelamer with meals as directed and to adhere to
prescribed diet. Caution patient to space concurrent medications at least 1 hr before or 3 hr after
sevelamer. Advise patient to notify health care professional if GI effects (worsening of existing
constipation, bloody stools) occur.
Calvit gold
Classification: calcium-containing antacids
Indication: Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Action: Minerals during pregnancy and lactation and support in the prevention of osteoporosis.
Nursing responsibilities: Avoid IV admin of calcium in pt on cardiac glycosides. Increased risk of
hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria in hypoparathyroid pt receiving high doses of vit D. caution when used
in pt with history of kidney stones.
aspirin
Classification: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Indication: temporary relief of headache, pain and fever of colds, minor pain of arthritis, muscle pain,
menstrual pain, and toothache.
Action: inhibit the activity of the enzyme now called cyclooxygenase (COX) which leads to the formation
of prostaglandins (PGs) that cause inflammation, swelling, pain and fever.
Nursing responsibilities: Evaluate patient’s lifestyle. Review patient’s history for GI bleeding and
ulceration. Assess patient’s allergy to aspirin. Determine current aspirin regimen. Assess pain and
limitation of movement. Assess fever and note associated signs. Be aware that aspirin can alter results
of some lab tests.
hemarate
Classification: supplement
Indication: For the prevention and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia, folate deficiency, and for
lowering of plasma homocysteine
Action: helping red blood cells to deliver oxygen to all over the body; administering required vitamins for
the body.
Nursing responsibilities: Administer orally if at all possible. Test using Schilling test and serum vitamin
B12 levels to rule out pernicious anemia. Use caution when giving the parenteral preparations to
premature infants. Monitor patient for hypersensitivity reactions, especially if drug previously taken.
carvedilol
Classification: alpha and beta-blockers
Indication: to treat high blood pressure and heart failure
Action: slowing down your heart rate and making it easier for your heart to pump blood around your
body.
Nursing responsibilities: Monitor BP and pulse frequently during dose adjustment period and
periodically during therapy. Assess for orthostatic hypotension when assisting patient up from supine
position. If heart rate decreases below 55 beats/min, decrease dose. Monitor intake and output ratios
and daily weight.
melatonin
Classification: acetamides
Indication: used for insomnia and jet lag disorders.
Action: regulates the sleep-wake cycle by chemically causing drowsiness and lowering the body
temperature.
Nursing responsibilities: Advise patient about the risk of daytime drowsiness and decreased attention
and mental focus. Advise patient to avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants because of the increased
risk of sedation and adverse effects.
neurobion
Classification: Vitamins
Indication: Neuritis and neuralgia, especially cervical syndrome, shoulder-arm syndrome, lumbalgia,
sciatica, facial paresis.
Action: support, protect and can repair damaged nerve cells which may cause tingling and numbness.
Nursing responsibilities: Determine reticulocyte count, hct, Vit. B12, iron, folate levels before beginning
therapy. Obtain a sensitivity test history before administration. Avoid IV administration because faster
systemic climination will reduce effectiveness. Don’t give large doses routinely because drug is lost
through excretion.
sitagliptin
Classification: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors
Indication: adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes
mellitus.
Action: increases insulin production and decreases hepatic glucose overproduction.
Nursing responsibilities: Observe patient for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemic reactions (abdominal
pain, sweating, hunger, weakness, dizziness, headache, tremor, tachycardia, anxiety). Monitor for signs
of pancreatitis (nausea, vomiting, anorexia, persistent severe abdominal pain, sometimes radiating to
the back) during therapy.
spironolactome
Classification: aldosterone receptor antagonists
Indication: to treat several conditions, including heart failure, edema, hyperaldosteronism, and
hypertension.
Action: acts both as a diuretic and as an antihypertensive drug by this mechanism.
Nursing responsibilities: Assess blood pressure Monitor electrolytes (potassium) Assess renal function
Assess for dehydration and intake and output Monitor weight
losartan
Classification: angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs).
Indication: hypertension, diabetic nephropathy
Action: blocking a substance in the body that causes blood vessels to tighten.
Nursing responsibilities: be sure while the patient is on Losartan, you assess their blood pressure, their
heart rate, and also their fluid levels monitor daily weights in patients who have congestive heart failure.
Also renal and liver labs should be monitored while on Losartan.
NaHco3
Classification: Alkalinizing Agents.
Indication: treatment of metabolic acidosis
Action: relieve heartburn, sour stomach, or acid indigestion by neutralizing excess stomach acid.
Nursing responsibilities: Keep sodium bicarbonate ampules handy for emergency administration.
Monitor vital signs, laboratory results and level of consciousness frequently. Watch out for signs of
decreasing level of consciousness. Record intake and output accurately to monitor renal function.
