School of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Universiti Teknologi MARA
MEM634 ERGONOMIC DESIGN
LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT FORM
[Fill up the form and attach as cover page of lab report]
NO. FULL NAME OF STUDENT STUDENT NO. MOBILE NO.
1 ABDULLAH AKRAM BIN AZMAN 2020884996 60 19-397 7838
2 AIMAN HAZIQ BIN IDRIS 2020899176 60 13-589 0814
3 AMIRUL HAFEEZ BIN YUSRI 2020628344 60 18-235 3107
4 FARID HAKIMI BIN ZAIRI 2020963417 60 17-313 9807
5 MOHAMAD AZARUL NAIM BIN 2020884864 60 19-762 3476
NORAZLAN
CLASS GROUP: MEM634 - EM220 8F7 REPORT NO.: 2
Guidelines:
Level Poor Fair Satisfactory Good Excellent
Scale 0-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA WEIGHT, W SCALE, Y SCORE = W x Y
Introduction, Content 5
Figures, Tables, Charts 2
Discussion, Conclusion 2
Format, Reference 1
/100%
TS. DR. HELMI BIN RASHID
Assessed by:
Signature:
Date:
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our MEM634 lecturer, Ts. Dr. Helmi Bin Rashid, has played a key part in our success, which
we would like to acknowledge with the utmost gratitude. We would not have been able to
complete our indoor air quality meter laboratory report without his tremendous assistance and
direction. Encik Shahar bin Ismail, the responsible lab assistant, provided essential information
and assistance throughout the lab session. We would like to thank the School of Mechanical
Engineering for organizing this course and providing us with the opportunity to learn more
about ergonomics. In addition, we would like to acknowledge everyone who assisted us directly
or indirectly in completing the laboratory report. We are grateful that we will be able to
complete this report within the allotted time, and we sincerely thank every member of the group
for always cooperating and working so diligently to complete this task.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................................ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ......................................................................................................... iii
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ iv
LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................................... v
CHAPTER Ⅰ INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1
1.1 Name or Model of IAQ Equipment ................................................................................. 1
1.2 Photo of IAQ Complete Equipment ................................................................................. 1
1.3 Function of IAQ Equipment ............................................................................................ 2
1.4 Price of IAQ Equipment .................................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER Ⅱ PROPER STEPS TO USE EQUIPMENT .................................................... 4
CHAPTER Ⅲ INFORMATION OF DATA COLLECTION VENUE ............................... 7
3.1 Case Study 1 .................................................................................................................... 7
3.2 Case Study 2 .................................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER Ⅳ RESULT ........................................................................................................ 11
4.1 Case Study 1 .................................................................................................................. 11
4.2 Case Study 2 .................................................................................................................. 12
CHAPTER Ⅴ DISCUSSION................................................................................................. 15
CHAPTER Ⅵ CONCLUSION ............................................................................................ 17
6.1 Case Study 1 .............................................................................................................. 17
6.2 Case Study 2 .............................................................................................................. 17
REFERENCE ......................................................................................................................... 19
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE
Figure 1.1 Graywolf Indoor Air Quality Meter equipment........................................................ 2
Figure 1.2 Graywolf IAQ meter equipment with labelling........................................................ 2
Figure 2.1 Indoor Air Quality Meter Connected to Tablet …………………………………4
Figure 2.2 The main screen of the GrayWolf software. ............................................................. 5
Figure 2.3 The data recorded on Bengkel in UiTM. .................................................................. 6
Figure 3.1 Automotive Industry Plant in Rawang, Selangor …………………………………8
Figure 3.2 Paint Shop Section .................................................................................................... 8
Figure 3.3 Body Shop Section ................................................................................................... 9
Figure 3.4 Furniture Factory in Romania ................................................................................ 10
Figure 4.1 The temperature and relative humidity in the paint and body shop sections……..12
Figure 4.2 The CO2 level in the paint and body shop sections ............................................... 12
Figure 4.3 Graphs of data recorded for five different workplaces ........................................... 14
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE
Table 4.1 Data collected in the paint shop and body shop sections ......................................... 11
Table 4.2 Average value of microclimate parameters in both halls ......................................... 13
Table 4.3 Average dust level for different type of particles in different workplace ................. 13
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CHAPTER Ⅰ
INTRODUCTION
Indoor air quality (IAQ) describes the level of air purity within a building or enclosed
space and how it impacts people's health and comfort. As we spend a significant amount of
time indoors, maintaining a healthy and comfortable living or working environment requires a
high IAQ. Inadequate IAQ can cause a variety of health problems, including migraines,
dizziness, allergies, and respiratory issues. Pollutants such as pollen, mold, and chemicals, as
well as ventilation, humidity, and temperature, impact indoor air quality. To ensure the safety
and well-being of the people inside, it is necessary to monitor and maintain adequate IAQ levels
in our indoor environments.
1.1 Name or Model of IAQ Equipment
The name of indoor air quality meter used in the UiTM laboratory is Graywolf model
IQ410.
1.2 Photo of IAQ Complete Equipment
The full set of Graywolf indoor air quality equipment can be seen in the Figure 1.1
and the equipment detail in Figure 1.2 below.
1
Figure 1.1 Graywolf Indoor Air Quality Meter equipment
Probe
Built in WolfSense
software
Tripod stand
Screen meter
Figure 1.2 Graywolf IAQ meter equipment with labelling
1.3 Function of IAQ Equipment
The main function for indoor air quality meter is to measure properties in the air such
as humidity, temperature, carbon gas content etc. The purpose of this data collected from
the indoor or confine space is to help to improve the air quality level.
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1.4 Price of IAQ Equipment
The price for the Graywolf IQ410 that been used in UiTM laboratory is cost around
RM37,825.00
3
CHAPTER Ⅱ
PROPER STEPS TO USE THE EQUIPMENT
1. 2 AA size batteries were supplied and installed onto the Indoor Air Quality Meter.
2. The Indoor Air Quality Meter was connected to a tablet as shown in Figure 2.1.
Figure 2.1 Indoor Air Quality Meter Connected to Tablet
3. On the tablet, double-click the GrayWolf logo. Figure 2.2 below show the primary
screen where all functions are executed.
4
Figure 2.2 The main screen of the GrayWolf software.
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4. Then, click the green log icon to start taking the readings of a place.
5. The time range is set for each reading according to research needs. Once all data has
been set, click the ‘OK’ button. The log icon will turn red to indicate that the log process
is being taken.
6. Finally, when all the data has been taken, click the red log button to end the recording.
Figure 2.3 below show the exampla of data that have been recorded on Bengkel in UiTM for
Final Year Project.
Figure 2.3 The data recorded on Bengkel in UiTM.
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CHAPTER Ⅲ
INFORMATION OF DATA COLLECTION VENUE
3.1 Case Study 1
The first case study was conducted in March 2005 at an automotive industry plant
in Rawang, Selangor. However, the exact company chosen for this research was not
mentioned. There are two sections that are being studied, which are the paint and body
shops. Two types of Indoor Air Quality Meter (IAQM) were utilized in the research.
Firstly, the Q-TRAKTM Plus IAQ Monitor that record the pattern of CO, CO2, RH and
temperature at one second interval. On the other hand, the DUST-TRAKTM Aerosol
Monitor was utilized to measure the PM10 at one minute interval [2] . Both instruments
were placed in sections stated earlier. TrakProTM v3.41 software was used to analyse the
data. Figure 3.1 below shows the venue for this case study while Figure 3.2 and Figure 3.3
shows the example of sections involved in the research.
Figure 3.1 Automotive Industry Plant in Rawang, Selangor
Figure 3.2 Paint Shop Section
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Figure 3.3 Body Shop Section
3.2 Case Study 2
The second case study was conducted in a furniture factory located in Timisoara,
Romania. This factory produces both common and customized goods. Thus, there are
several operation methods which are fully automated, partially automated, and manual
operations. This research was done to determine dust, microclimate and noise which were
regarded as parameters of indoor environment at the company. In order to measure the
airborne dust particles, a GRIMM 1.108 portable laser aerosol spectrometer and dust
monitor were utilized [3]. The apparatus uses laser and particle beam to identify the particle
size and corresponding concentration. The particle size range is from 0.3 to 20 μm with 15
channels available and it allows a maximum particle concentration of 0.1 mg/cm3. There
is a dedicated software for transferring the data and analysis. The apparatus was placed at
workers’ height to reflect dust accumulation at the level of the employees' nose and mouth.
Figure 3.4 below shows the venue for this case study, which is the furniture factory.
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Figure 3.4 Furniture Factory in Romania
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CHAPTER Ⅳ
RESULT
4.1 Case Study 1
An automotive assembly factory in Selangor, Malaysia has been tested for its indoor air
quality. The extensive research was done in two different location within the factory of the
paint and body shop sections. The recorded data was tabulated as shown in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1 Data collected in the paint shop and body shop sections
Sections Temperature Relative CO2
(°C) Humidity (%) (ppm)
Paint shop Average 32.5 65.5 252.8
section Minimum 29.3 62.6 204
Maximum 33.9 71.3 360
Body shop Average 29.7 72.9 252.5
section Minimum 27.8 69.8 204
Maximum 30.8 78.4 339
Several graphs were then plotted to distinctly shows the microclimate parameters
difference between the two locations of the paint and body shop sections as shown in Figure
4.1 and Figure 4.2.
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Figure 4.1 The temperature and relative humidity in the paint and body shop
sections
Figure 4.2 The CO2 level in the paint and body shop sections
4.2 Case Study 2
A research was conducted in a furniture factory in Romania in which to analyze the indoor
air quality. The collected data and end results were collected in two different halls in the
factory. Both halls have five different workplaces with their own microclimate parameters
as shown in Table 4.2. The collected data also shows the different particles from five
different workplaces in both halls as seen in Table 4.3.
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Table 4.2 Average value of microclimate parameters in both halls
Hall Temperature Relative Humidity CO2
(°C) (%) (ppm)
1 23.1 44.9 618.0
2 20.9 47.5 699.2
Table 4.3 Average dust level for different type of particles in different workplace
Fraction Workplace
(mg/𝑚3 ) Assembly Special Drilling Edge Processing
works & milling application cell
machine machine
Average 0.57 2.12 0.23 0..13 0.28
Inhalable Minimum 0.21 0.49 0.05 0.02 0.01
Maximum 2.47 11.36 0.86 1.06 1.34
Average 0.36 1.17 0.13 0.08 0.13
Thoracic Minimum 0.19 0.39 0.05 0.02 0.01
Maximum 1.17 4.67 0.38 0.22 0.41
Average 0.11 0.33 0.05 0.03 0.03
Alveolic Minimum 0.08 0.14 0.02 0.01 0.01
Maximum 0.33 1.27 0.10 0.05 0.07
The collected data and end results were then converted into several graphs which indicate
that the area of working in special works have higher level of risk exposure to dust with
the highest recorded dust level is approximately ~8,000 μg/𝑚3 as can be seen in Figure
4.3.
13
Figure 4.3 Graphs of data recorded for five different workplaces
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CHAPTER Ⅴ
DISCUSSION
Two different case studies were chosen to determine the indoor air quality (IAQ)
status results at the respective locations. Both case studies focused on the factory, but the
produced product differed. The first case study was conducted at an automotive industry
plant in Rawang, Selangor, and the other case study was conducted in a furniture factory
located in Timisoara, Romania.
The first case study shows that the two areas' temperature and humidity levels were
over the DOSH standard limits. According to DOSH, the ideal comfort range for humidity
is between 40 % and 60 %. The body shop had an average humidity of 72.9 %, with a range
of 69.8 to 78.4 %. Above 80% humidity levels have been linked to "stuffiness" and
discomfort. The employees in the paint and body shop sections were thus subjected to high
levels of humidity and high temperatures. The CO2 concentration in the first case study
was within the DOSH acceptable ranges, which for the paint shop and body shop sections,
respectively, are averages of 252.8 ppm and 252.5 ppm. To reduce exposure to IAQ
problems, IAQ management programmes, engineering controls, training, and education
should be implemented in these parts.
In the second case study, data were gathered in two distinct production halls. Five
distinct workstations, each with its own unique microclimate settings, are located in both
halls. The CO2 levels in halls 1 and 2 are both low, at 618.0 ppm and 699.2 ppm,
respectively. The concentration of CO2 is a reliable indicator of the quality of indoor air,
with 1,000 ppm being the safe maximum limit. CO2 levels over 600 ppm are linked with
fewer workplace air quality complaints. Measured CO2 concentrations indicate the need to
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develop a solution to provide a greater volume of fresh air given that the furniture company
lacks ventilation equipment in the two halls examined. Both studies were compared, and
they show that the temperature and humidity in furniture production are lower than in the
automotive industry. One of the main contributors to it is the air-conditioning system,
which has to be constantly checked. When humidity levels go too high, mould and dust
mites might start to grow in the location. Low humidity might make you feel dry in your
eyes, nose, and throat and make static electricity shocks more common.
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CHAPTER Ⅵ
CONCLUSION
6.1 Case Study 1
The findings from a research in an automotive factory in Selangor, Malaysia concludes
that the value of temperature and relative humidity in both sections of the factory has
surpass the standard limits set by DOSH. Workers in the paint and body shop sections were
subjected to high concentration of relative humidity and temperature which increases the
probability to be expose to dangerous health hazards and risks. Based on the research paper,
it also highlights that several actions can be taken to reduce the indoor air quality problem
such as engineering controls, indoor air quality management program and proper training
to educate workers regarding the importance of a good indoor air quality.
6.2 Case Study 2
The findings of the research conducted in a furniture factory in Romania has led to the
identification of various microclimate parameters which help to compare between two
different locations in the factory. From the data recorded, the temperature in the first hall
is higher than the recommended level for work which has led to high dust circulation and
workers will expose to dangerous health risks. In addition, the findings of the study also
emphasize the need for improved ventilation systems, improved indoor air quality
measures and the introduction of personal protective equipment (PPE) for workers. These
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precautions can help the factory management to enhance their workers' general health and
wellbeing while minimizing their exposure to hazardous air contaminants.
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REFERENCE
1. “STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES,” Cluin.org. [Online]. Available:
https://cluin.org/download/ert/1728-r00.pdf. [Accessed: 12-Apr-2023].
2. Edimansyah, B. A., Rusli, B. N., Naing, L., Azwan, B. A., & Aziah, B. D., "Indoor
air quality in an automotive assembly plant in Selangor, Malaysia," Southeast Asian
journal of tropical medicine and public health, vol. 40, no. 1, p. 187, 2009.
3. Corlan, R. V., Ionel, I., Boatca, M. E., Draghici, A., Balogh, R. M., & Bisorca, D. ,
"Indoor air quality research within a furniture factory.," Journal of Physics:
Conference Series, vol. 2212, no. 1, p. 012004, 2022.
4. “DIRECTSENSE PPC MANUAL,” Wolfsense.com. [Online]. Available:
http://www.wolfsense.com/pdf/ppcmanual.pdf. [Accessed: 12-Apr-2023].
5. US EPA, OAR. (2019, January 18). Introduction to Indoor Air Quality | US EPA.
US EPA. https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/introduction-indoor-air-
quality
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