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Handout 05

The best spectral bands to use depend on the objectives of the study. Landsat satellites carry sensors that measure electromagnetic radiation in different bands, each suited to specific applications. For example, the near-infrared band is useful for emphasizing biomass and vegetation while shortwave infrared bands discriminate moisture and penetrate thin clouds. The document discusses the spectral bands and resolutions of sensors on Landsat 4-5, Landsat 7, and Landsat 8 and their common uses in mapping features such as vegetation, soil moisture, and landforms.

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53 views2 pages

Handout 05

The best spectral bands to use depend on the objectives of the study. Landsat satellites carry sensors that measure electromagnetic radiation in different bands, each suited to specific applications. For example, the near-infrared band is useful for emphasizing biomass and vegetation while shortwave infrared bands discriminate moisture and penetrate thin clouds. The document discusses the spectral bands and resolutions of sensors on Landsat 4-5, Landsat 7, and Landsat 8 and their common uses in mapping features such as vegetation, soil moisture, and landforms.

Uploaded by

JAMES
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Question: What are the best spectral bands to use for my study?

Answer: This is a common question considered by all users of remotely sensed data. The level of detail (spatial resolution) is often the most
interesting aspect of viewing a satellite image, but less appreciated is how changes in irradiative energy reflected by different surface materials
are used to identify features of interest.

Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS)

Band Wavelength Useful for mapping


Band 1 – Coastal Aerosol 0.435 - 0.451 Coastal and aerosol studies
Bathymetric mapping, distinguishing soil from vegetation, and deciduous from coniferous
Band 2 – Blue 0.452 - 0.512
vegetation
Band 3 - Green 0.533 - 0.590 Emphasizes peak vegetation, which is useful for assessing plant vigor
Band 4 - Red 0.636 - 0.673 Discriminates vegetation slopes
Band 5 - Near Infrared (NIR) 0.851 - 0.879 Emphasizes biomass content and shorelines
Band 6 - Short-wave Infrared
1.566 - 1.651 Discriminates moisture content of soil and vegetation; penetrates thin clouds
(SWIR) 1
Band 7 - Short-wave Infrared
2.107 - 2.294 Improved moisture content of soil and vegetation and thin cloud penetration
(SWIR) 2
Band 8 - Panchromatic 0.503 - 0.676 15 meter resolution, sharper image definition
Band 9 – Cirrus 1.363 - 1.384 Improved detection of cirrus cloud contamination
Band 10 – TIRS 1 10.60 – 11.19 100 meter resolution, thermal mapping and estimated soil moisture
Band 11 – TIRS 2 11.50 - 12.51 100 meter resolution, Improved thermal mapping and estimated soil moisture
Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)

Band Wavelength Useful for mapping


Bathymetric mapping, distinguishing soil from vegetation, and deciduous from coniferous
Band 1 - Blue 0.45 - 0.52
vegetation
Band 2 - Green 0.52 - 0.60 Emphasizes peak vegetation, which is useful for assessing plant vigor
Band 3 - Red 0.63 - 0.69 Discriminates vegetation slopes
Band 4 - Near Infrared 0.77 - 0.90 Emphasizes biomass content and shorelines
Band 5 - Short-wave Infrared 1.55 - 1.75 Discriminates moisture content of soil and vegetation; penetrates thin clouds
Band 6 - Thermal Infrared 10.40 - 12.50 Thermal mapping and estimated soil moisture
Band 7 - Short-wave Infrared 2.09 - 2.35 Hydrothermally altered rocks associated with mineral deposits
Band 8 - Panchromatic (Landsat 7
0.52 - 0.90 15 meter resolution, sharper image definition
only)

Landsat 1-5 Multispectral Scanner (MSS)

Landsat MSS 1, 2, 3 Landsat MSS 4 & 5


Wavelength Useful for mapping
Spectral Bands Spectral Bands
Band 4 - green Band 1 - green 0.5 - 0.6 Sediment-laden water, delineates areas of shallow water
Band 5 - red Band 2 - red 0.6 - 0.7 Cultural features
Band 6 - Near Infrared Band 3 - Near Infrared 0.7 - 0.8 Vegetation boundary between land and water, and landforms
Penetrates atmospheric haze best, emphasizes vegetation, boundary
Band 7 - Near Infrared Band 4 - Near Infrared 0.8 - 1.1
between land and water, and landforms

Reference: Barsi, J.A.; Lee, K.; Kvaran, G.; Markham, B.L.; Pedelty, J.A. The Spectral Response of the Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager.
Remote Sens. 2014, 6, 10232-10251. doi:10.3390/rs61010232

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