Q: What is meant by culture and civilization? Describe the characteristics of Islamic culture. Subject: Islamic Studies-CSS-PMS By: Mr. Imran Zahoor PhD Scholar of IR & ) WhatsApp: 0321 -4800309 25 Meaning of Culture: Culture encompasses the beliefs, values, customs, traditions, art, lang social behaviors that are shared and transmitted among members of a p: ‘group or sociely. It represents the collective identity and way of life of a shaping its influenced by various factors such as history, geography, re| guage, and social interactions, It defines how people perceive and interpret ‘and it plays a crucial role in shaping individual and collective identities, Qe x Meaning of Civilization: Civilization refers to a complex and sage of human social development characterized by various aspects, includi nological advancements, political organization, social stratification, eco stems, and cultural achievements. It represents the progress and sophisti Ow a society in different realms, such as science, arts, governance, soning literature. Civilizations are often identified by their notable achievements, si numental architecture, written languages, legal systems, and artistic expressignsThey emerge through the accumulation of knowledge, innovations, and cultural ‘over time, leading to the development of organized and sophisticated sores Islamic culture, cose teachings of Islam, encompasses a diverse array of characteristics that way of life for Muslims around the world. With a rich history spanning over 1: 5, Islamic culture reflects the fusion of various traditions, languages, art forms, architeétyrl styles, and social practices. Characteristics of Islamic culture, highlighting pay elements, such as religious beliefs, moral values, social customs, arts, ture, and cuisine. Through examples, we will delve into the unique aspects architectur ee that ee define Islamic culture. s S Characteristics of Islamic Culture NS ‘+ Monotheism and Faith: At the core of Islamic culture is the belief in the oneness of God (Tawheed). Muslims consider themselves to be part of a universal community of believers (Ummah) who share a common faith in Allah. Islamic culture promotes the worship of Allah as the sole deity, emphasizing the importance of prayer (Salah), fasting (Sawm), charity (Zakat), and pilgrimage (Hajj). The annual pilgrimage to Makkah, known as the Hajj, brings together millions of Musiims from all comers ofthe globe. This collective act of worship highlights the unity and diversity within Islamic culture, as people of different languages, cultures, and backgrounds come together to fulfill their religious obligations. Quran and Prophet (P.B.U.H) Tradition: Islamic culture places great importance on the Qur’an, the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the word Allah as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The wocar)) the Quran, along with the Prophetic traditions (Hadith), provide gui personal conduct, social ethics, and the pursuit of knowledge. R memorization of the Quran are integral parts of Islamic culture. Musii engage in the daily recitation of Qur'anic verses, and Islamic educ: focus on teaching the Quran and its interpretation. By: Mr. Imran Zahoor; NS PhD Scholar of IR yy Contact for More CSS-P! laterial WhatsApp: 0321°4800309 Ethical and Moral Values: Islamic cute sizes a set of ethical and moral values that guide the behavior and interSétions of individuals within society. These values include honesty, justice, c fon, humility, patience, and respect for elders and parents. The con dab" (etiquette) plays a significant role in Islamic culture, emphasizing rd behavior, respect for others, and adherence to social norms. This is retedin Islamic greetings (such as "As-salamu alaykum,” meaning "Peace be ee ‘and the practice of showing hospitality to guests. Family and Cot strong empha: : Family holds a central position in Islamic culture, with the sanctity of marriage, filial piety, and the importance of knit family ties. Islamic culture values communal harmony, 1d mutual support within the wider Muslim community. The celebration of Eid ahgitr and Eid al-Adha brings families and communities together, fostering a unity and joy, During these occasions, Muslims gather for prayers, ge gifts, share meals, and engage in acts of charity, strengthening familial & ‘communal bonds, ws ©°& Modesty in Dress and Behavior: Islamic culture encourages modesty in dress and behavior for both men and women. This includes the practice of hijab (modest clothing) for women and the avoidance of ostentatious displays of wealth or immodest behavior. The hijab, worn by many Muslim women, is a visible expression of Islamic culture, symbolizing modesty, dignity, and adherence to religious values. This practice varies across cultures, resulting in diverse styles and interpretations of modest attire.Islamic Art and Architecture: Islamic culture is renowned for its exquisite art and architecture, characterized by intricate geometric patterns, calligraphy, arabesque designs, and colorful motifs. Islamic art often encompasses diverse forms such as ceramics, metalwork, textiles, carpet weaving, miniature paintings, and mosq architecture. The Alhambra in Granada, Spain, is a magnificent example of Isl; architecture and art. Its intricate geometric patterns, stunning tile work, and calligraphy showcase the fusion of Islamic and Moorish design element ing visitors in awe of its beauty and grandeur. S By: Mr. Imran Zahoor S PhD Scholar of IR & Contact for More CSS-PMS terial WhatsApp: 0321-48 “Literature and Poetry: Islamic culture has a carly tradition, with a vast body of works spanning poetry, prose, and scholar! 198. Islamic literature explores themes of spirituality, love, wisdom, mor ce, and historical narratives, with notable contributions from poets, philosophers~and scholars throughout history. The works of renowned Persian poets ag tumi, Hafez, and Omar Khayyam have had a profound influence on Is iRure and literature. Their poetry, filled with spiritual and mystical insights, Sap to resonate with readers worldwide. + Science and Intellect its: Islamic culture has a strong tradition of intellectual pursuits ofa ‘tific inquiry. During the Islamic Golden Age, Muslim scholars made signjficaht contributions to various fields, including mathematics, astronomy, medigine® geography, and philosophy, preserving and advancing knowledge eo rent civilizations. The achievements of scholars like Ibn Sina (Avicenna) arizmi, and bn al-Haytham, among others, in fields such as medicine, nfathematics, and optics, have left a lasting impact on Islamic culture and have influenced scientific advancements globally. + Calligraphy and Illa n: Islamic culture places great importance on the art of lligraphy, which is considered 2 form of devotion and expression of the divine NX vice: namic cattzepty, characterized by | Invicate scripts end harmonious &2¥ compositions, adoms religious texts, architecture, and decorative arts. The Kufic script, Thuluth, and Naskh are among the various calligraphic styles used in Islamic. NS art. The intricate calligraphic inscriptions found in mosques, Quranic manuscripts, and decorative objects exemplify the high regard given to calligraphy in Islamic. culture. ‘Culinary Traditions: Islamic culture embraces a diverse range of culinary traditions, influenced by regional flavors, ingredients, and cooking techniques. Halal(permissible) food practices, including the avoidance of pork and adherence to specific slaughtering methods, are integral to Islamic dietary guidelines, Middle Easter cuisine, with dishes such as hummus, falafel, kebabs, and biryanis, reflects the culinary traditions of Islamic culture. The use of aromatic spices, herbs, and flavors creates a distinct and delicious culinary experience, Conclusion & Islamic culture encompasses a multitude of characteristics that deeply infil es of Muslims globally and contribute to the richness and diversity of hu ization. The religious beliefs and moral values of Islam provide a strong found: personal conduct and societal ethics. The art and architecture of Islamic c with their intricate designs and masterful craftsmanship, reflect the creativity and spirituality. Islamic literature, poetry, and calligraphy showgase brofound insights and expressions of faith. Additionally, the culinary radtions erRidaye culture delight the senses with a wide array of flavors and techniques. ing and preserving these characteristics, Islamic culture fosters inspiration, nb a shared cultural heritage that transcends borders and brings people of diverse backgrounds together. It is through the celebration and appreciation of Islamic cult het the world becomes enriched and interconnected, promoting dialogue, unders we and coexistence among Muslims and non-Muslims alike. By: mg. rin Zahoor holar of IR Contact: lore CSS-PMS Material App: 0321-4800309