LECTURE – 03 BOHR'S ATOMIC MODEL

Atomic
Structure By-Deepak Sharma
Asst. Professor
(Chemistry)

M.Sc. (Analytical
Chemistry), GATE, GSET
Research Scholar at HNGU

M.Sc. Sem – III (Analytical Chemistry)

CONTENTS OF LECTURE

01 02
Bohr’s postulates Radii of various orbits
of hydrogen atom

03 04
Calculation of Energy of An
Questions Based On
Electron
Bohr's Model

Deepak Sharma
 BOHR'S ATOMIC MODEL

Coulombic =  Centrifugal =  Angular = mv

force force momentum r
It is a quantum mechanical model. This model was based on quantum theory of radiation and

Classical law of physics.

1st
Postulate :
Atoms has a nucleus where all protons and neutrons are present.

The size of nucleus is very small and it is present at the center of

the atom.

Deepak Sharma
 BOHR'S ATOMIC MODEL

2nd
Postulate :
Negatively charged electron are revolving around the nucleus in

the same way as the planets are revolving around the sun.

The path of electron is circular.

The attraction force (Coulombic or electrostatic force) between

nucleus and electron is equal to the centrifugal force on electron.

i.e. Attraction force towards nucleus = centrifugal force away

from nucleus.  = 

Deepak Sharma
 BOHR'S ATOMIC MODEL

3rd
Postulate :
Electrons can revolve only in those orbits whose angular momentum

(mvr) is integral multiple of
Wher
e n = Whole number
mv =

r h = Plank's constant,

π = Constant
 2 3 4
Angular momentum can have values such as
  
1.5 2.5
but can not have fractional values such

Deepak Sharma
 BOHR'S ATOMIC MODEL

4th
Postulate :
The orbits in which electron can revolve are known as stationary

Orbits because in these orbits energy of electron is always constant.

5th
Postulate :
Each stationary orbit is associated with definite amount of energy

therefore these orbits are also called as energy levels and are

numbered as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, .... or K, L, M, N, O, ..... from the nucleus

outwards.

Deepak Sharma
 BOHR'S ATOMIC MODEL

6th
Postulate :
The emission or absorption of energy in the form of photon can only

occur when electron jumps from one stationary state to another & it is

∆E = Efinal state – Einitial state

Energy is absorbed when electron jumps from inner to outer orbit

and is emitted when electron moves from outer to inner orbit.

Deepak Sharma
Radii of various
orbits of
hydrogen atom
 RADII OF VARIOUS ORBITS OF HYDROGEN ATOM

Consider, an electron of mass 'm' and charge 'e' revolving around a nucleus of charge Ze (where,

Z = atomic number and e is the charge of the proton) with a tangential velocity v and r is the
V
radius of the orbit in which electron is revolving.
e-
By Coulomb's law, the electrostatic force of attraction between the
 =  r
moving electron and nucleus is Coulombic
1
force
2
=
𝑞
𝑞
= Z = e
e
The centrifugal force acting on the electron is = 

Deepak Sharma
 RADII OF VARIOUS ORBITS OF HYDROGEN ATOM

Since the electrostatic force balance the centrifugal force, for the stable electron orbit.
 =  ……………………….. 1 V
e-
According to Bohr's postulate of angular momentum quantization, we have
r
mv =

r
v =  ……………………….. 2

 =


 ……………………….. 3
Solving for r we get r = Deepak Sharma
 RADII OF VARIOUS ORBITS OF HYDROGEN ATOM


r =

n = 1, 2, 3, ......, ꝏ V
h = Plank's constant = 6 × 10-34 Js e-

π = Constant = 3.14 r
K = 9 × 109 Nm2C–2

m = 9.1 × 10-31 Kg 0.529  Ǻ

r =
e = 1.6 × 10-19 C
MT
R
Calculation of
Energy of An
Electron
 Energy OF VARIOUS ORBITS OF HYDROGEN ATOM

The total energy (E) of the electron is the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy.
[  =  ]
Kinetic energy of the electron = ½ mv2
= 
4
………………………..
K.
E
Potential energy = Columbic force × distance b/w charges
[ 1 2 ]

𝑞
𝑞
=
𝑟
= × =  = Z = e ……………………….. 5
e
Total energy (E) = P.E + K.E

=  +  =  [ ]
Substituting for r from Eq. 3


E where n = 1, 2, 3, .....
Deepak Sharma
 Energy OF VARIOUS ORBITS OF HYDROGEN ATOM

E
 where n = 1, 2, 3, .....

=
This expression shows that only certain energies are allowed to the electron. Since this energy

expression consist of so many fundamental constant, we are giving you the following simplified

expressions. -13.6  MT
E
R
=
–21.8 × 10–19 
E

=
The energies are negative since the energy of the electron in the atom is less than the energy of a

free electron, i.e. the electron is at infinite distance from the nucleus which is taken as zero
Deepak Sharma
 Energy OF VARIOUS ORBITS OF HYDROGEN ATOM

-13.6 
E

∆E = Ionization
∆E = 13.6 Potential

+ 10.2 ∆E

12.09
=

Eꝏ =
∆E =
0
12.75
E1 = -
E2 = - E7 = -
13.6 E3 = -
3.4 E4 = - E5 = - Deepak0.28
Sharma
E6 = -
 Questions

Q. 1 For H-atom- In Following Events, What will happen???????????

When a photon of 10 eV will be given? Will not going to

accept
When a photon of 10.2 eV will be Will accept and transit into 2nd shell

given?
When 2 photons of 5.1 eV will be given? Will not going to

accept
Will accept, 13.6 eV is used to leave the atom and
When a photons of 15 eV will be given?
extra energy will be converted into K.E

When a photons of 12.5 eV will be given? Will not going to

accept
Deepak Sharma
 Questions

When a photon of 12.75 eV will be given? Will accept and transit into 3rd shell

When a particle of 12.5 eV will be given? Will accept and transit into 2nd shell

Q.2 The ratio of second shell of Li+2 and third shell of He+ will be ?????
2

𝑍
0.529  Ǻ α
r = r
𝑛
2
1 22 2 8
𝑛
𝑍
1 2
𝑟
= 2 × = 32 × 3 = 27
2
𝑛
𝑍
2 1
𝑟
Deepak Sharma
 Questions

Q.3 Find out the ratio of first exited state of Li +2 and Second Exited state of H atom.

Q.4 Find out the distance of e- from nucleolus if transit from third shell to forth

shell??

Deepak Sharma