The document summarizes a lecture on process modeling and control of a single tank liquid level process. [1] It covers generalized transfer functions for different order processes and the single tank liquid level process model. [2] The liquid level process model is developed using mass balance equations, resulting in transfer functions with level and flowrate as outputs. [3] Key parameters like time constant, gain and dead time are discussed, and example problems are provided to test understanding.
The document summarizes a lecture on process modeling and control of a single tank liquid level process. [1] It covers generalized transfer functions for different order processes and the single tank liquid level process model. [2] The liquid level process model is developed using mass balance equations, resulting in transfer functions with level and flowrate as outputs. [3] Key parameters like time constant, gain and dead time are discussed, and example problems are provided to test understanding.
The document summarizes a lecture on process modeling and control of a single tank liquid level process. [1] It covers generalized transfer functions for different order processes and the single tank liquid level process model. [2] The liquid level process model is developed using mass balance equations, resulting in transfer functions with level and flowrate as outputs. [3] Key parameters like time constant, gain and dead time are discussed, and example problems are provided to test understanding.
The document summarizes a lecture on process modeling and control of a single tank liquid level process. [1] It covers generalized transfer functions for different order processes and the single tank liquid level process model. [2] The liquid level process model is developed using mass balance equations, resulting in transfer functions with level and flowrate as outputs. [3] Key parameters like time constant, gain and dead time are discussed, and example problems are provided to test understanding.
Department of EIE, KITSW U18EI 704 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS CONTROL
7ECI AY:2023-24 CDT3- LECTURE SUMMARY
CDT3 1. Process Modeling (Laplace domain approach): General process transfer
function of process (for I order, II order and with dead time) Topics Covered 2. Process model for single tank based liquid level process - With linear resistance element The topics covered in this class give you an idea about the process modelling of Motivation single tank level process and also on the number of controllers that can be developed for any process application. Lecture Learning Outcomes (LLOs): After completion of this lecture, you should be able to… LLO1 On topic 1 mention the importance of process modeling and write generalized process transfer functions LLO2 On topic 2 develop the process model for single tank based liquid level process - With linear resistance element
CDT3 – Lecture Summary – Key Takeaways
Topic 1: Process modeling:
Process transfer functions for:
Instantaneous (or) steady state process, I order process & II order process, pure dead time process and cascaded I order process
For Instantaneous (or) steady state process:
Xo(s)/Xi(s) = Kp where ‘Kp’ is process gain For I order process: Xo(s)/Xi(s) = [Kp/ (τp s+1)] where ‘Kp’ is process gain & ‘τp’ is process time constant For II order process: Xo(s)/Xi(s) = [Kp1 Kp2/ (τp1 τp2s+1)] where ‘Kp1 & Kp2’ are process gains & ‘τp1 & τp2’ are process time constants For Pure dead time process: Xo(s)/Xi(s) = [1/ (td s+1)] where ‘td’ is time lag (or) dead time Prepared by: B. SHASHIKANTH , Dept of EIE, KITSW Page 1 of 3 Department of EIE, KITSW U18EI 704 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS CONTROL 7ECI AY:2023-24 CDT3- LECTURE SUMMARY Process parameters to be determined from process transfer function include (i) Process time constant (τp): Every self regulated process has a time constant associated with it. The time constant is the amount of time it takes the process 63.2% of the final value of the process. (ii) Process gain (Kp): The time constant is affected by the capacity of the process and the process resistance to change. The larger the process capacity, the longer the time constant, and the more resistive elements in the process the longer the time constant. (iii) Process dead time (td): Dead time is defined as the time difference between when a change occurs in a process and when the change is detected. Dead time exists in all processes and is a factor in the control loop control, which must be addressed when tuning the loop.
Topic 2: Process model for single tank based liquid level process - With linear resistance element:
Flow head equation is A*𝑑ℎ(t)/𝑑𝑡 = q𝑖 (t) – q𝑜(t)
Where, q𝑜(t)= h (t)/R ‘R’ is liquid resistance & ‘C’ is liquid capacitance Note: We can develop process model for any liquid level process by writing process equations across the process system using conservation of mass balance principle (or) transient mass balance equation, after clear identification of process variables & process objective. Process transfer functions for liquid level process with linear resistance element are given by: (i) Output level process transfer function (PTF1): H(s)/Qi(s) = [R/ (ARs+1)] where R is ‘Kp’ & AR is ‘τp’ (ii) Output flow rate process transfer function(PTF2): Qo(s) /Qi(s) = 1/ (ARs+1) where 1 is ‘Kp’ & AR is ‘τp’
Prepared by: B. SHASHIKANTH , Dept of EIE, KITSW Page 2 of 3
Department of EIE, KITSW U18EI 704 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS CONTROL 7ECI AY:2023-24 CDT3- LECTURE SUMMARY CDT3 - LECTURE LEVEL PRACTICE PROBLEMs/ QUESTIONs (LLPs/ LLQs) to test the LLOs To test whether you achieved the learning outcomes of this lecture, you should be able to solve the following LLPs, in the class itself, after completion of the lecture. Minimum one question / problem (LLP) is designed to test each expected LLO.
1. LLQ1 (on LLO1):
Write generalized process transfer functions for the Instantaneous, I order, II order and Dead time processes. Also mention their importance. (CDLL – U)
2. LLQ2 (on LLO2):
Distinguish between linear & non linear resistance elements response. (CDLL – U)
3. LLQ3 (on LLO2):
Write process transfer functions for the liquid level process, with level & flowrate as output variables. Infer on the liquid resistance & liquid capacitance. (CDLL – U)
4. LLP4 (on LLO2):
Assume a liquid level tank system having an area of 4m2 and with a control valve offering linear resistance of 0.5 sec/m2 is used in liquid level process flow application. Develop the process model for the single tank liquid level process system using mass balance principle and determine the process parameters. Also, infer on the process regulation characteristic. (CDLL – Ap)
Prepared by: B. SHASHIKANTH , Dept of EIE, KITSW Page 3 of 3
