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Os Chapter 12

This document summarizes a chapter about I/O systems from a computer science textbook. It discusses I/O hardware technologies like memory-mapped I/O, interrupts, and direct memory access. It also covers the application programming interface for I/O, the kernel's I/O subsystem, how I/O requests are handled by the operating system, and standards like STREAMS. The chapter concludes with a discussion on I/O performance factors and trends over time. Diagrams and figures are included to illustrate key I/O concepts.

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42 views11 pages

Os Chapter 12

This document summarizes a chapter about I/O systems from a computer science textbook. It discusses I/O hardware technologies like memory-mapped I/O, interrupts, and direct memory access. It also covers the application programming interface for I/O, the kernel's I/O subsystem, how I/O requests are handled by the operating system, and standards like STREAMS. The chapter concludes with a discussion on I/O performance factors and trends over time. Diagrams and figures are included to illustrate key I/O concepts.

Uploaded by

varnits30
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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10th ed. chapter 12 https://www.cs.csustan.edu/~john/Classes/CS3750/Notes/Chap12/12_I-...

(Latest Revision: Thu Jun 6, 2019)


[2019/06/06: first full version for 10th edition]

Chapter Twelve -- I/O Systems -- Lecture Notes

• Intro

I/O is one of the main jobs of a computer. This chapter furnishes insights regarding the capabilities and
limitations of I/O hardware. It also discusses I/O services, the relationship between the I/O hardware
and the application interface, UNIX System V STREAMS, and I/O performance.

• 12.0 Objectives

• 12.1 Overview

• 12.2 I/O Hardware

Figure 12.1: A typical PC bus structure

◦ 12.2.1 Memory-Mapped I/O

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Figure 12.2: Device I/O port locations on PCs (partial)

◦ 12.2.2 Polling
◦ 12.2.3 Interrupts

Figure 12.3: Interrupt-driven I/O cycle

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Figure 12.4: Latency command on Mac OS X

Figure 12.5: Intel Pentium processor event-vector table

◦ 12.2.4 Direct Memory Access

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Figure 12.6: Steps in a DMA transfer

◦ 12.2.5 I/O Hardware Summary

• 12.3 Application I/O Interface

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Figure 12.7: A kernel I/O structure

Figure 12.8: Characteristics of I/O devices

◦ 12.3.1 Block and Character Devices


◦ 12.3.2 Network Devices
◦ 12.3.3 Clocks and Timers
◦ 12.3.4 Nonblocking and Asynchronous I/O

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Figure 12.9: Two I/O methods: (a) synchronous and (b) asynchronous

◦ 12.3.5 Vectored I/O

• 12.4 Kernel I/O Subsystem

◦ 12.4.1 I/O Scheduling

Figure 12.10: Device-status table

◦ 12.4.2 Buffering

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Figure 12.11: Common PC and data-center I/O device and interface speeds

◦ 12.4.3 Caching
◦ 12.4.4 Spooling and Device Reservation
◦ 12.4.5 Error Handling
◦ 12.4.6 I/O Protection
◦ 12.4.7 Kernel Data Structures

Figure 12.12: Use of a system call to perform I/O

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Figure 12.13: Unix I/O kernel structure

◦ 12.4.8 Power Management


◦ 12.4.9 Kernel I/O Subsystem Summary

• 12.5 Transforming I/O Requests to Hardware Operations

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Figure 12.14: The life cycle of an I/O request

• 12.6 Streams

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Figure 12.15: The STREAMS structure

• 12.7 Performance

Figure 12.16: Intercomputer Communications

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Figure 12.17: Device functionality progression

Figure 12.18: I/O performance of storage (and network latency)

• 12.8 Summary

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