RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS

1. If f(x) = 2x – 3, evaluate f --1(5)

ANSWER: 4 [5 = 2x – 3, 2x = 8, x = 4, f (4) = 5, hence f-1(5) = 4]
PREAMBLE: Find the inverse of the linear function

1. y = 2x -3
1 3 1 3
ANSWER: y= x + [ x=2 y−3 , 2 y=x +3 , y= x+ ]
2 2 2 2
2. y = 5x + 7
1 7 1 7
ANSWER: y= x − [ x=5 y +7 , 5 y=x−7 , y= x − ]
5 5 5 5
3. y = -2x + 5
−1 5 −1 5
ANSWER: y= x+ [ x=−2 y +5 , 2 y =−x+ 5= x+ ]
2 2 2 2
1. y = cosx
ANSWER: Even

2. y = sin2x
ANSWER: Odd

3. y = x4 + 2x3
ANSWER: neither even nor odd
1. x/(x2 + 1)
ANSWER: no value of x
2. x/(x2 – 1)
ANSWER: x = 1, x = -1
3. (x – 2)/(x + 1)(x – 3)
ANSWER: x = -1, x = 3
Determine the value(s) of x for which the given expression is not defined
1. 2x/(x2 – 4)

ANSWER: x = 2, x = -2 [expression is undefined if the denominator is zero,

x2 – 4 = 0, or x = 2, x = -2)]

2. x3

ANSWER: x <3 [the radicand (x – 3) should be negative ie ( x – 3)< 0 or x < 3]

 (2x – 3)/x

ANSWER: x = 0 [ denominator should be zero, ie x = 0

Preamble: Find the domain of the given function

1. y=√ (2 x−4)
ANSWER: { x : x ≥ 2} [2x - 4≥ 0 , x ≥ 2]
x−1
2. y=
x +2
ANSWER: { x : x ≠−2 }
1
3. y=
√x
ANSWER: {x: x > 0}
Given that f(x) = 2x + 1 and g(x) = x2, find
1. f(g(x))
ANSWER: 2x2 + 1 [2(x2) + 1]

2. g(f(x))
ANSWER: (2x + 1)2 [(f(x))2 = (2x + 1)2]

3. f(f(x))
ANSWER: 4x + 3 [2(2x + 1) + 1 = 4x + 3]

For what value of x is the function undefined?

1
4. y= 2
x
ANSWER: x = 0 [x2 = 0, hence x = 0]

2x
5. y= 2
x −9
ANSWER: x = ±3 [x2 = 9, hence x = ±3]

6. y = x2 – 3x + 2
ANSWER: No value of x
Given f(x) = 2x2 + 1 and g(x) = 3x – 1, evaluate
1. f(g(-1))
 ANSWER: 33 [g(-1) = -4, f(-4) = 2(16) + 1 = 32 + 1 = 33]
2. g(f(1))
ANSWER: 8 [ f(1) = 3, g(3) = 9 – 1 = 8]
3. f(g(2))
ANSWER: 51 [g(2) = 6 – 1 = 5, f(5) = 2(25) + 1 = 51]
: Find the remainder R when the polynomial f(x) is divided by the linear term.
1. f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 3x – 2 divided by (x – 2)
ANSWER: R = - 12
[f(2) = 8 - 24 + 6 – 2 = - 12]
2. f(x) = 3x3 + 10x2 – 7x + 6 divided by (x + 1)
ANSWER: R = 20
[R = f(-1) = -3 + 10 + 7 + 6 = 23 – 3 = 20]
3. f(x) = 2x3 + 7x2 + 8x – 16 divided by (x – 1)
ANSWER: R = 1
[ R = f(1) = 2 + 7 + 8 – 16 = 17 – 16 = 1]

1. y = 3x – 6
ANSWER: y = x/3 + 2
[x = 3y – 6, 3y = x + 6, y = x/3 + 2]
2. y = ½ x + 1
ANSWER: y = 2x – 2
[x = y/2 + 1, 2x = y + 2, y = 2x – 2]
3. y = 3x – 1
ANSWER: y = x/3 + 1/3 or y = (x + 1)/3
[x = 3y – 1, 3y = x + 1, y = (x + 1)/3 or y = x/3 + 1/3]
If f(x) = 2x2 – 2x + 3, express the following in powers of x

1 f(x + 1)
ANSWER: 2x2 + 2x + 3 [2(x + 1)2 – 2(x + 1) + 3 = 2(x2 +2x + 1) – 2x - 2 + 3 = 2x2 +
2x + 3]

2 f(x – 1)
ANSWER: 2x2 - 6x + 7 [ 2(x2 – 2x +1) - 2(x – 1) + 3 = 2x2 - 6x + 7]

3 f(2x)
ANSWER : 8x2 – 4x + 3 [2(2x)2 -2(2x) + 3 = 8x2 – 4x + 3]
If f(x) = 2x + 3, and g(x) = x2 + 2, find an expression for f(g(x))
ANSWER : 2x2 + 7 [f(g(x)) = 2g(x) + 3= 2(x2 + 2) + 3 = 2x2 + 7
If f(x) = 3x – 5, find

1 f-1(4) [3x – 5 = 4, 3x = 9, x = 3, f-1(4) = 3

ANSWER: 3

2 f-1(-2) [3x – 5 = -2, 3x = 3, x = 1, f-1(-2) = 1]

ANSWER: 1

3 f-1(- 8) [3x – 5 = -8, 3x = -3, x = -1, f-1(-8) = -1]

ANSWER: -1
Find the odd one out and give a reason for your answer.

1 A) Function, B) Mapping, C) Bisection, D) Relation

ANSWER: C) Bisection [The others are relations but a Bisection is not]

2 A) Angle, B) Quadrilateral, C) Pyramid, D) Circle

ANSWER: C) Pyramid [The others are all plane figures but a Pyramid is a solid (3-D)
figure]

3 A) 125, B) 64, C) 216, D) 625

ANSWER: D) 625 [The others are cubes but 625 is a fourth power of 5]

Given the function y = 6 – 6sin3x, find

1 the range of the function,

ANSWER: {y : 0 ≤ y ≤ 12}

2 the period T of the function,

ANSWER: T = 2π/3 radians or 120° [3T = 2π, T = 2π/3]

3 the amplitude A of the function.

ANSWER: A = 6
Find the zeros of the function f(x) = 3x2 – x – 4
ANSWER : x = -1, 4/3 [3x2 – x – 4 = 3x2 + 3x – 4x – 4 = (3x – 4)(x + 1) = 0, x = -1, 4/3]
2 Find the coordinates of the y-intercept of the function f(x) = x3 – 5x2 + 7x + 6
ANSWER: (0, 6) [f(0) = 6, hence (0, 6)]
2 The function f is defined by f(x) = (2x – 1)/(x + 2). Find f-1(x).
ANSWER: f-1(x) = (2x + 1)/(2 – x)
[x = (2y – 1)/(y + 2), x(y + 2) = (2y – 1), y(x – 2) = -(2x + 1), y = (2x + 1)/(2 – x)]
Find the inverse of the given function

1 y = 3x – 4
ANSWER: y = (x + 4)/3 [x = 3y – 4, y = (x + 4)/3]
 2 y = ½x + 1
ANSWER : y = 2x – 2 [ x = ½y + 1, y = 2x – 2 ]

3 y = √x for x ≥ 0
ANSWER : y = x2 for x ≥ 0 [x = √y, y = x2 ]

PREAMBLE: Find the inverse of the given function:

1. f(x) = 2 + √(x + 3)
ANSWER: f-1(x) = (x – 2)2 – 3 [y = 2 + √(x + 3), x = 2 + √(y + 3), (x – 2)2 = y
+3, y = (x – 2)2 – 3]

2. f(x) = (x + 1)3

ANSWER: f-1(x) = [ y = (x + 1)3, x = (y + 1)3, y + 1 = , ]

3. f(x) = (2x + 1)/(1 – 2x)

ANSWER: f-1(x) = (x – 1)/(2x + 2)
[y = (2x + 1)/(1 – 2x), x = (2y + 1)/(1 – 2y), x(1 – 2y) = (2y + 1)
y(2x + 2) = x – 1, y = (x – 1)/(2x + 2)]
Find the domain and range of the given function

1. y = x/(x – 2) [yx – 2y = x, x(y – 1) = 2y, x = 2y/(y – 1), range of y ={ y : y  1}

ANSWER: Domain = {x : x  2} , Range = { y : y  1}

2. y = (x – 3)2

ANSWER: Domain = {all real x}, Range { y : y  0}

3. y = 1/(x + 3) [yx + 3y =1, x = (1 – 3y)/y, range of y = { y : y  0}

ANSWER: Domain = {x : x  3} , Range = { y : y  0}

Reduce the given relation to linear form.

1 y = axn
ANSWER : Y = nX + loga where Y = logy, X = logx
[logy = nlogx + loga, Let Y = logy, X = logx, then Y = nX + loga]

2 y = abx
ANSWER: Y = Xlogb + loga where Y = logy, X = x
[ logy = xlogb + loga, let Y = logy, X = x, then Y = Xlogb + loga]

3 y = ax2 + bx
ANSWER: Y = aX + b where Y = y/x, X = x
[y/x = ax + b, let Y = y/x, X = x, then Y = aX + b
Find the domain of the given function

1 f(x) = 3/√(x – 5)
ANSWER: {x : x > 5}
[ x – 5 > 0, x > 5]

2 f(x) = √(x2 – 6x)

ANSWER : { x : x ≥ 6, or x ≤ 0 }
[ x2 – 6x ≥ 0, (x – 6)x ≥ 0, x ≥ 6, or x ≤ 0]

3 f(x) = √(x – 2)/x

ANSWER: {x : x ≥ 2}
[ x ≥ 2 and x ≠ 0 implies x ≥ 2]

1. The mapping (x, y) →(2x + y, x – 2y) is a linear transformation.

ANSWER: True
2. The mapping (x, y) → (2x + 1, y - 3) is a translation.
ANSWER: False
3. The mapping (x, y) → (y, x) is a reflection in the line y = -x
ANSWER: False
PREAMBLE: Identify the function with given equation
1. y = x3 – 7x2 + 5
ANSWER: cubic function

2. y = 3x +7
ANSWER: Linear function
3. y = 3sinx – 2cosx

ANSWER: Trigonometric function

PREAMBLE: Given that f(x) = √(x + 3) and g(x) = 2x, find the composite function

1. f(g(x))
ANSWER:√(2x + 3) [ f(g(x)) = f( 2x ) = √(2x + 3)]

2. g(f(x))
ANSWER: 2√(x + 3) [ g(f(x)) = g(√(x + 3)) = 2√(x + 3)]
3. g(g(x)
ANSWER: 4x [g(g(x)) = g(2x) = 2(2x) = 4x]
PREAMBLE: For the set of ordered pairs of numbers, determine the domain and the range

1. A = { (2, 3), (3, 1), (-2, 2), (1, 5)}

ANSWER: Domain; {2, 3, -2, 1} and RANGE = {3, 1, 2, 5}

2. B = {(x, y) : x – y = 3}
ANSWER: Domain = {all real x}, and RANGE = {all real y}

3. C = {(x, y): y = x2 + 5}
ANSWER: Domain = {all real x}, RANGE {y : y ≥ 5}

1. Find the domain of the function y = .

ANSWER: {all real x}

2. Find the range of the function .

ANSWER: [ y = 1/(x + 1), yx + y = 1, x = (1 – y)/y, hence y 0]

3. Find the domain of the function .

ANSWER:{ x : x }
: Given f(x) = 2x4 + 3x3 -2x2 + 7x + 4, evaluate:

1. f(-1)
ANSWER: -6, [2(1) + 3(-1) - 2(1) + 7(-1) + 4 = -10 + 4 = -6]

2. f(-2)
ANSWER: -10 [2(16) + 3(-8) – 2(4)- 14 + 4 = -10]

3. f(2)
ANSWER: 66 [ 2(16) + 3(8) – 2(4) + 14 + 4 = 66 ]