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Mutually Inclusive Events

The document discusses mutually inclusive events, which are events that share common outcomes. It provides examples of mutually inclusive events, such as rolling an even number or 4 on a die, or drawing a spade or face card from a deck of cards. It then classifies two sample events as either mutually exclusive or mutually inclusive. Finally, it explains that the probability of mutually inclusive events can be calculated using the addition principle, and provides examples to demonstrate this.

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Muhammad Akbar
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389 views7 pages

Mutually Inclusive Events

The document discusses mutually inclusive events, which are events that share common outcomes. It provides examples of mutually inclusive events, such as rolling an even number or 4 on a die, or drawing a spade or face card from a deck of cards. It then classifies two sample events as either mutually exclusive or mutually inclusive. Finally, it explains that the probability of mutually inclusive events can be calculated using the addition principle, and provides examples to demonstrate this.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Akbar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mutually Inclusive Events

We earlier defined two events that share no common


outcomes as being mutually exclusive. It follows,
then, that two events that share common outcomes
are not mutually exclusive but mutually inclusive.

Some examples of mutually inclusive events:

1. The experiment is rolling a die. The first event is


rolling an even number. The second event is
rolling a 4. Rolling a four is an outcome common
to both events. Therefore, these events are
mutually inclusive.

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2. The experiment is drawing a card from a standard
deck. The first event is drawing a spade. The
second event is drawing a face card. Drawing the
jack, queen, or king of spades are outcomes
common to both events. Therefore, these events
are mutually inclusive.

3. The experiment is playing a game of hockey. The


first event is your team scoring a goal. The second
event is winning the game. In a hockey game,
a team must score at least one goal to win.
Therefore, these events are mutually inclusive.

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Classify the following events as either mutually
exclusive or mutually inclusive.

A) The experiment is rolling a die. The first event is


that the number is greater than 3 and the second
event is that the number is even.

ANSWER: _______________________________________

B) The experiment is answering a multiple­choice


question. The first event is that the correct
answer is chosen and the second event is that
answer A is chosen.

ANSWER: _______________________________________

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To calculate the probability of
mutually inclusive events, we use the
following:

Mutually Inclusive Events


If Event A and Event B are dependent
events, then the probability of Event A
or Event B occurring(but not both) is
found by:
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) ­ P(A and B)

This is called the ADDITION PRINCIPLE

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Example 1:

Tom has a blue die and a green die in a bag. He


chooses one die and rolls it. Find the probability
that Tom will choose a blue die or a 6.

Solution: These events are dependent on each other.

P(blue die or 6) = P(blue) + P(6) ­ P(blue and 6)


= 1 + 2 ­ 1
2 12 12
= 6 + 2 ­ 1
12 12 12
= 8 ­ 1
12 12
= 7
12

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Example 2:

A card is chosen from a deck of cards. Find the


probability of getting either a 4 or a spade.

Solution: These events are dependent on one another.

P(4 or spade) = P(4) + P(spade) ­ P(4 and spade)


= 4 + 13 ­ 1
52 52 52
= 17 ­ 1
52 52
= 16
52
= 4
13

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