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Chapter Outline
▪ Basic Concepts
▪ Oil Fields and Their Life Cycle
▪ Muti-disciplinary Team Work
▪ Working Areas of Reservoir Engineers
▪ Reservoir Engineering Functions
▪ Overview of Oil and Gas Recovery Phases
▪ Data Sources for Reservoir Characterization and
Evaluation
Definition of Reservoir
In petroleum industry, reservoir fluids is a mixture of hydrocarbons (oil
and/or gas), water and other non-hydrocarbon compounds (such as H2S,
CO2, N2, ...)
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Definition of Reservoir
Reservoir fluids is a mixture of hydrocarbons (oil and/or gas), water and
other non-hydrocarbon compounds (such as H2S, CO2, N2, ...)
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Reservoir Structure
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Reservoir Cross-section
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Reservoir Structure
Faults
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Definition of Engineering
Engineering is the discipline or profession of applying
necessary knowledge and utilizing physical resources in
order to design, build and control systems or processes that
realize a desired objective and meet specified criteria.
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Definition of Engineering
Engineering is the discipline or profession of
applying necessary knowledge and utilizing
physical resources in order to design, build and
control systems or processes that realize a desired
objective and meet specified criteria.
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Necessary Knowledge
Knowledge about oil & gas reservoirs
Reservoir Rock Properties & Behavior during the
Production Process
Reservoir Fluid Properties & Behavior during the
Production Process
Fluid Flows in Reservoirs
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Necessary Knowledge (cont’d)
Knowledge about Design & Analysis Tools
Reservoir Characterization & Modeling
Reservoir Simulation
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Definition of Engineering
Engineering is the discipline or profession of
applying necessary knowledge and utilizing
physical resources in order to design, build and
control systems or processes that realize a desired
objective and meet specified criteria.
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Physical Resources
In-place Reservoir Resources
Reservoir’s energy source associated with the initial
pressure & drive mechanisms during production
Available flow channels thanks to reservoir’s ability
to transmit fluids (reservoir permeability)
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Definition of Engineering
Engineering is the discipline or profession of
applying necessary knowledge and utilizing
physical resources to design, build and control
systems or processes that realize a desired
objective and meet specified criteria.
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Design, Build & Control Systems
Plan for producing oil & gas from the reservoirs in the
field: Exploit reservoir energy sources; Design
appropriate well patterns; Select suitable subsurface &
surface facilities ...
Manage the oil field throughout its entire life cycle:
Reservoir monitoring & surveying, production
enhancement, production optimization.
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Definition of Engineering
Engineering is the discipline or profession of
applying necessary knowledge and utilizing
physical resources in order to design, build and
control systems or processes that realize a desired
objective and meet specified criteria.
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Desired Objectives
• To maximize the profit resulted from the
recovered oil & gas
– To recover as much as possible oil & gas from the
reservoirs
– To recover high-quality oil & gas
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Definition of Engineering
Engineering is the discipline or profession of
applying necessary knowledge and utilizing
physical resources in order to design, build and
control systems or processes that realize a desired
objective and meet specified criteria.
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Specified Criteria/Constraints
– Money associated with hired manpower, facilities,
technologies, ...
– Time
– (Global & Local) regulations
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Oil Fields and Their Lifecycle
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Oil Fields and Their Lifecycle
A lifecycle of an oil field consists of the following stages:
Exploration
Appraisal
Development
Production
Abandonment
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Oilfield Life Cycle and E&P Project Team
Geology Select a concession
Hydrocarbons
Exploration
and Select a location
Discover
Geophysics Find new Hydrocarbons
Drilling and Drill and test wells safety
Operations Engineering and efficiently
Petrophysics Evaluate the formation and quantity the amount of HC
near the well
Evaluate the Discovery for
Commercial Development
Production Geology / Interpret and extrapolate the well data to describe the
Appraisal
Seismology reservoir
Economics Check whether the venture is economically justified
Production Technology Design well completions and artificial lift systems
Reservoir Engineering Identify development options and predict recovery
Source: Peter Behrenbruch, 2005
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Development Oilfield Life Cycle and E&P Project Team
Reservoir Engineering Reservoir characterization
i) Planning
& Other Disciplines Design field development plans
Economics Select the most profitable development option
Drilling and Drill and complete wells safety and efficiently
ii) Execution
Operations Engineering
Production Geology / Plan and evaluate wells
Production
Reservoir Engineering Update the reservoir model if required
Production Operations Operate and maintain wells and surface facilities
Hydrocarbons
Produce
Production Technology Optimise production performance
Monitor reservoir performance
Reservoir Engineering Identify means to improve recovery
Modified from Peter Behrenbruch, 2005
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Revenue Throughout LifeCycle
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Working Areas of Reservoir Engineers
1. Exploration & development of new reservoirs
Evaluation of well economics
Optimization of well locations
Recovery prediction (production forecast)
2. Production optimization of already discovered reservoirs
Infill drilling
Well re-completions and/or stimulation
IOR/EOR
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Reservoir Engineering Functions
Estimate original oil or gas in place (OOIP or
OGIP)
How much do we have?
Calculate recovery factor
How much can we get?
Determine time scale for hydrocarbon recovery
How quickly can we get it?
Assess the economics of the reservoir or field
How much will we make?
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Multi-disciplinary Working Environment
RESERVOIRS:
Development Geophysics and Geology
FACILITIES
Petrophysics
Reservoir Engineering
WELLS
WELLS:
• Drilling Engineering
• Production Technology (Well Completion)
RESERVOIRS
FACILITIES:
• Facilities Engineering and Production Operations
MANAGEMENTS: Management
• Economic Evaluation Source: Peter Behrenbruch, 2005
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Oil Recovery Phases
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EOR – Steam Flooding
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EOR - CO2 Injection Method
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EOR - Chemical Flooding
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Data Sources & Reservoir Characterization
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Data Sources & Reservoir Characterization
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Data Sources & Reservoir Characterization
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