ENGLISH ENGLISH

ENGLISH STUDENT TEXTBOOK GRADE 11

STUDENT TEXTBOOK STUDENT TEXTBOOK
GRADE 11 GRADE 11
C
Reading
D
B
Vocabulary
Speaking

Language
E
A Focus Grammar
Listening

F
Writing

FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

MINSTRY OF EDUCATION FDRE MINSTRY OF EDUCATION
MOE
 ENGLISH
STUDENT TEXTBOOK

GRADE 11
Writers:
Elias Woemego Bushisso ( PhD)
Kassa Mihiretie (PhD)
Editors:
Eshete Kassaye (PhD) (Content Editor)
Wube Kassaye (PhD) (Curriculum Editor)
Kebede T/Michael (PhD) (Language Editor)
Illustrator:
Biruk Wedajo (Msc)
Designer:
Birhane Bekele (Msc)
Evaluators:
Solomon Worku Megra (PhD candidate)
Hamid Mustefa (MA)
Badima Belay (PhD)
Mohammed Hassen (PhD candidate)

FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC HAWASSA UNIVERSITY

OF ETHIOPIA
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
First Published August 2023 by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry
of Education, under the General Education Quality Improvement Program for Equity
(GEQIP-E) supported by the World Bank, UK’s Department for International Development/
DFID-now merged with the Foreign, Common wealth and Development Office/FCDO,
Finland Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Royal Norwegian Embassy, United Nations
Children’s Fund/UNICEF), the Global Partnership for Education (GPE), and Danish
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, through a Multi Donor Trust Fund.

© 2023 by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Education. All rights
reserved. The moral rights of the author have been asserted. No part of this textbook
reproduced, copied in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means
including electronic, mechanical, magnetic, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without
the prior written permission of the Ministry of Education or licensing in accordance with
the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia as expressed in the Federal Negarit Gazeta,
Proclamation No. 410/2004 - Copyright and Neighboring Rights Protection.

The Ministry of Education wishes to thank the many individuals, groups and other bodies
involved – directly or indirectly – in publishing this Textbook. Special thanks are due to
Hawassa University for their huge contribution in the development of this textbook in
collaboration with Addis Ababa University, Bahir Dar University and Jimma University.

Copyrighted materials used by permission of their owners. If you are the owner of
copyrighted material not cited or improperly cited, please contact the Ministry of
Education, Head Office, Arat Kilo, (P.O.Box 1367), Addis Ababa Ethiopia.

ISBN: 978-99990-0-002-4
 Table of Contents
Environmental Hazards 1
1A Listening Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
1B Speaking Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
1C Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
1D Vocabulary Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1E. Grammar Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1F. Writing Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Civilization 33
2A Listening Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2B Speaking Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2C. Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2D. Vocabulary Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2E. Grammar Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2F. Writing Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Causes of Road Traffic Accidents 64
3A Listening Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3B Speaking Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3C Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3D Vocabulary Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3E Grammar Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3F Writing Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
People and Natural Resources 91
4A Listening Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4B Speaking Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4C. Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
4D: Vocabulary Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4E: Grammar Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
4F: Writing Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Irrigation 116
5A Listening Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
5B Speaking Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
5C Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
5D Vocabulary Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
5E Grammar Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
5F Writing Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Global Warming 141
6A Listening Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
6B Speaking Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
6C Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
6D. Vocabulary Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
6E Grammar Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
6F: Writing Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Patriotism 165
7A Listening Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
7B Speaking Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
7C Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
7D Vocabulary Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
7E Grammar Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
7F Writing Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Efficiency of Health Services 204
8A Listening Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
8B Speaking Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
8C. Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
8D Vocabulary Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
8E Grammar Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
8F Writing Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Indigenous Conflict Resolution 225
9A Listening Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
9B Speaking Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
9C Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
9D Vocabulary Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
9E Grammar Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
9F Writing Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Artificial Intelligence 253
10A.Listening Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
10B Speaking Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
10C Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
10D Vocabulary Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
10E Grammar Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
10F Writing Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Appendix I: Regular and Irregular Verb Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Appendix II: Phrasal Verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279