1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The growth of automotive vehicles has been increasing gradually day to day,
which in turn lead to the increased growth of road accidents. The numbers of
these totalities that take place in India are ranked to be in the top most position
in the world. The number of road deaths is high mainly in cosmopolitan and
metropolitan cities. According to the survey Delhi ranks first in the position,
Bangalore in fourth place and Hyderabad in ninth place in these road accidents
[2]. Improved alcohol detection is analyzed for use in an automobile ignition
locking system.
Internet of Things (abbreviated as IoT) has been coined by industry
researchers but has emerged into mainstream public view in recent years only.
IoT is a network of devices like smartphones, vehicles, home appliances, and
more, that connect to and exchange data with computers and web connectivity-
that empowers these objects to collect and exchange data.
The internet of things allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across
existing network infrastructure [3].
The Internet of Things (IoT) are the other objects embedded with electronic
objects, software, sensors, etc. and connectivity with which allows these things
to connect and exchange data, creating opportunities for more direct integration
of the physical world into computer-based systems, resulting in efficiency
improvements, economic benefits, and reduced human exertions[4].The present
invention relates generally to the alcohol detection devices and more specifically
to an improved devices and sensors which are used in an automobile ignition
locking system which prevents a car from starting when the driver is intoxicated
and which requires periodic rolling retests while the car is being operated.
A temperature sensor measures the temperature of the breath sample to
ensure that it is the same temperature as human breath. A sensor is used for a
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specific volume of the breath sample, which is used to determine the alcohol
content. A Microcontroller is used to convert the output into a reading which
represents the breath alcohol content of the breath sample. This analysis is used
as part of an overall automobile ignition locking system which prohibits starting
the car when the operator is intoxicating. The system also requires rolling retests
to ensure that the driver is still sober [5].
Drunk driver can be prevented from starting a car at initial stage itself by
using a simple alcohol sensor. This will mandate the driver to blow into a device
which collects breath sample of the driver to process further to determine the
output signal. The car alcohol sensing device will have a threshold to allow the
driver to start the car. The driver can start car only when he consumes alcohol
lower than the threshold level. Ignition interlock systems which meets federal
standards requires test on engine start and also require a test every few minutes
while driving is called as rerolling test. This is going to be a simple fool proof
system which does not allow a drunk driver to start his car, until his alcohol
consumption level goes below the threshold. Threshold should be adjustable, in
case government changes the permissible level, ultimately threshold could also
be changed. While the traditional use of the breath analyzing devices has been
by law enforcement officers to test a suspected intoxicated driver, the breath
analyzing devices now are being used in combination with an ignition locking
system to prevent an intoxicated driver from being able to start the vehicle [5].
The further sections of this paper are organized as follows – Section 2 gives
brief description about sensors used in the proposed framework. Section 3 and 4
describes about working of Arduino and DC Motors respectively. Section 5
gives the working design of the framework. Section 6 presents the results and
section 7 discuss about future work to be done.
2. SENSORS
2.1. Sensor Modules
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Sensor senses the future trouble and helps in not being the victim of accident.
2.2. Smell Sensor Module
The MQ3 is the alcohol detection sensor. They are highly sensitive towards
alcohol and benzene they have special quality of sensitivity adjustment.
Sensitivity is that if that gases in the air is approximately to 0.4mg/L the alarm
point and the vibration sensor will be activated.
2.3. Smell Detector for Alcohol Consumption
Sensor used: MQ3sensor
If (alcohol consumption==0.4mg/L)
Message (“alarm gas sensor and Vibration sensor will be activated”);Alcohol
Detection and Vehicle Ignition Locking System Else Message (“not activated”);
2.4. Alcoholic Sensor Module
The Detects the breath of the driver continuously and tracks the driver driving
state and intimates through voice message.
Figure 1 MQ-3 sensor for alcohol detection
Breath detector for Alcohol Consumption
Sensor used : Alcohol sensor
If(breath rate checked==alcoholic
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consumption) Voice message (“you have
consumed alcohol”); else
Voice message(not activated);[2]
The alcohol sensor used here is the MQ-3 sensor. MQ-3 sensor is not only
sensitive to alcohol, but also sensitive to ethanol, which is one type of alcohol
found in wine, beer, and liquor.
MQ-3sensor circuit can be used as a breath analyzer to check a person's
blood alcohol level. Just as we exhale carbon dioxide when we breathe out, we
also breathe out some alcohol if we have alcohol in our blood. Any alcometer
device can measure this alcohol content.
The more ethanol in your blood, the more there is in the air on exhalation.
This alcohol content gives an indication for if a person is drunk and how much
percent drunk they are.
The amount of alcohol exhaled into the air is proportionate to the amount of
alcohol which will be found in a individual’s blood. Alcometers use an in-built
formula to guesstimate blood alcohol content from exhaled air alcohol content.
For different countries, the level of alcohol in the blood that defines a person
as over the limit for driving varies. The range ranges from 0.01 to 0.10. Most
countries have a limit of about 0.05[5].
3. ARDUINO
Arduino is an open source microcontroller which can be effortlessly
programmed, erased and reprogrammed at any prompt of time. It is also
proficient of receiving and sending information over the web with the help of
various Arduino shields. Arduino uses a hardware known as the Arduino
development board and software for developing the code known as the Arduino
IDE (Integrated Development Environment). Built up with the 8-bit Atmel AVR
microcontroller's that are manufactured by Atmel or a 32-bit Atmel ARM, these
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microcontrollers can be programmed simply using the C or C++ language in the
Arduino IDE.
4. DC MOTOR
The working principle of DC (Direct Current) motor is, when a conductor, is
placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a torque and has a propensity to move.
This is known as motoring action. If the path of current in the wire is inverted,
the way of spin also reverses. When magnetic field and electric field interact,
they produce a mechanical force, and based on that the working principle of DC
motor established. The direction of rotation of DC motor is as defined by
Fleming’s left hand rule.
Figure 2 DC Motor
5. DESIGNED STRUCTURE
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Figure 3 MQ-3 Alcohol sensor circuit schematic
Here we propose a system where the person is detected for alcohol level in
his body to avoid accidents. drivers will be sensed before they start their vehicle.
Driver will be sensed by an sensor once he sited on the driver seat by his breath.
Sensor is placed in the steering to monitor the breath level if the alcohol content
in breath is 0.08% then car engine will not ignite. in this system if the driver is
not drunk he can drive otherwise he can’t drive until the alcohol content
decreases.
This is the structure where the sensor is placed in the steering. it will sense
the driver’s alcohol content in his breath.
Arduino is configured and connected with the sensor also LCD display and
one dc motor is connected. Once the connection is given power supply is given
to it so that the motor will start running. Now alcohol is sprayed in it where the
alcohol content is above 0.08% so the LCD display will show that alcohol
content is overflow, dc motor will stop running and ignition also stopped.
This process is implemented same in all vehicle where the car engine will be
connected to the sensor. Once the sensor sensed its output will be sent to the
motor by referring the range engine will stop its execution While implementing
this proposed system we can reduce the accidents by 75% and reduce the loss of
property and lives [6].
5.1. MQ-3 Alcohol Sensor Circuit Schematic
The alcohol sensor circuit we will build with an MQ-3 sensor integrated with an
Arduino is shown below
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Figure 4 MQ-3 Alcohol schematic sensor circuit
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6. RESULTS
6.1. Arduino Alcohol Detector Circuit Board
When Driver is not in Drunken State the below message came on LCD in the On-
Board Unit.
Figure 5.LCD Output of alcohol detection when driver in not in
drunken state
When Driver is not in Drunken State the below message came on LCD in the
On-Board Unit.
Figure 6 LCD Output of alcohol detection when driver in druken
state
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7. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
Authors of [8] proposed a solution for alcohol detection in vehicles, but it gives
an alert to the driver. An operative solution is provided to develop the smart
system for vehicles which will perceive various parameters of vehicle in
between constant time period and this is done by using platforms like Arduino,
alcohol sensor, dc motor, LCD display. The whole system has the advantage of
small volume and high reliability. Future scope of this system is to control the
accidents and reducing the rate of the accidents this system brings innovation to
the existing technology in the vehicles and also improves the safety features,
hence proving to be an effective development in the automobile industry.
Our aim is to identify when periodical retests are not done, then it has to
analyze whether the vehicle is moving or met with an accident. If accident is
detected then it shares the accident location to the emergency services using
GSM and GPS. But, when vehicle is still moving even after alcohol detection
then the location of the vehicle is sent to concerned authorized services.
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REFERENCES
[1] Marita Lynagh, et al., “Reducing alcohol-related harm: the untapped
potential of pre- hospital care workers”, International Journal of
Emergency Medicine, vol. 2, issue4, pp. 237-240, Dec 2009.
[2] R. C. A. Naidu, et al., "An advanced trouble intimation and automatic
prior notification system of locomotives and its conditions,"
International Conference on Computational Techniques in Information
and Communication Technologies (ICCTICT), New Delhi, pp. 292-
296, 2016.
[3] “What is Internet of Things (IoT)”, https://lifewire.com/introduction-
to-the internet-of- things- 817766, Jun 2018.
[4] “Internet of Things”,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things.
[5] Timothy J. Prachar, et al., “Breath analyzer for use in automobile
ignition locking
systems”,https://patents.google.com/patent/US5426415, Jun 1993.
Alcohol Detection and Vehicle Ignition Locking System
[6] S.S. Sarmila, iet al., “Alcohol Detection by using IoT and Locking the
Car Ignition”, SSRG International Journal of Computer Science and
Engineering (ICEHS), Special Issue, May 2017.
[7] “jMQ-3 Alcohol Sensor Circuit Built with an
Arduino”,http://learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/MQ-3-alcohol-
sensor-circuit-with- arduino.php, Alchohal Saliva Strip Test, 2018.
[8] Nirosha, et al., "Alcohol Detection In Vehicles", International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), vol. 4,
issue 4, pp. 2025-2030, Apr 2017.
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