PAA206B ASSIGNMENT 1
Manufacturing technology and Materials
30 October 2023
Authors:
Surname Initial(s) Student Number
1. M T 21
2. Gg e 2
3. W E 2
4. WR
Table of Contents
Summary ................................................................................................................................................
2
Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................
2
Objectives ...........................................................................................................................................
2
Industrial engineering contextual background ....................................................................................
2
Project definitions .................................................................................................................................
2
Product ................................................................................................................................................
2
Materials selection ..............................................................................................................................
3
Material properties ..............................................................................................................................
3
Process flow ........................................................................................................................................
3
Clear comparisons................................................................................................................................. 3
Clear comparative analysis ..................................................................................................................
3
Discussions .............................................................................................................................................
3
Extent and adequacy of industrial engineering techniques applied ................................................. 3
Conclusion & Recommendations .........................................................................................................
3
Reflection ...............................................................................................................................................
3
1
Summary
In this project we will focus on the manufacturing process of Plastic Bottles. In response to the
growing global population, countries are increasingly using industrial building materials instead of
traditional ones, as seen by the rise in the demand for residential buildings. Lots of these industrial
products don't biodegrade, might be bad for the environment, and have no sustainable qualities.
Introduction
Objectives
Objectives of this project is to determine the manufacturing technology and materials used for plastic
bottles.
Industrial engineering contextual background
Plastic bottles were first used commercially in 1947, but remained relatively expensive until the early
1950s when high-density polyethylene was introduced. They quickly became popular with both
manufacturers and customers because compared to glass bottles, plastic bottles are lighter, cheaper and
easier to transport.
To research the possibilities for utilising PET bottles as a building material in the South Canara region
as a whole. Studying PET bottles based on their dimensions, volume, and chemical makeup will be
part of it. It will examine several methods of building with PET bottles in relation to the South Canara
context and help to comprehend how PET bottle construction is applied and used in different designs.
The used PET bottles in this study will come in a variety of sizes and shapes. The source and
scrapyard will provide the information about these bottles (number, kind, and size). Building
components such as walls, foundations, roofs, and exterior elements like planter boxes, benches, and
compound walls will be constructed in a concentrated manner.
Project definitions
Product
Figure 1 Plastic Bottles
2
Product Planning
Life cycle design
Material Production:
The raw materials used during the production include ethylene glycol and terephthalic.
Manufacturing Process:
Step1: Raw materials converted into polymerization the resulting polymerization forms small pallets
Step2: The small pallets are taken to the manufacturing plant where they are melted and shaped into
preforms using molding machines.
Step3: The preformed are cooled and stored in a suitable warehouse.
Step4: The preformed are then loaded into a blow molding machine.
Step5: A plastic bottle is formed it may undergo process such as labelling, printing, etc, to create a
final product.
Step: Inspection to ensure that the plastic bottle meet the standard for thickness, clarity and overall
quality.
Step6: Packaging and distribution
Use:
The plastic bottles are going to be filles with water, soft drinks, and juices for consumption.
End of life:
3
The plastic bottles are disposed in a landfill or undergo recycling process.
Materials selection
Material used for plastic Bottle is Polyethylene terephthalate polyester.
Polyethylene terephthalate polyester (PETP) is a hard, stiff, strong, dimensionally stable material that
absorbs very little water. It has good gas barrier properties and good chemical resistance except to
alkalis (which hydrolyse it). Its crystallinity varies from amorphous to fairly high crystalline.
Polyethylene terephthalate polyester (PETP) can be highly transparent and colourless but thicker
sections are usually opaque and off-white. Physical and chemical properties are mentioned
Material properties
Material properties of the polyethylene terephthalate plastic bottle can differ depending on its specific
configurations and processing. These are the approximate values and common properties of
polyethylene terephthalate plastic bottle:
Material Properties Approximate Values
Tensile strength 55-75 MPa
Elastic modulus 2000 – 3500 MPa
Density 1.38-1.40 g/cm^3
Glass transition temperature 75-85℃
Melting temperature 240-260℃
Coefficient of thermal expansion 7-9*10^-5K^-1
Water absorption (24h) 0.1-0.3%
Oxygen transmission rate 10-20 cc/m^2/day
Carbon dioxide transmission rate 30-50 cc/m^2/day
Ultraviolet (UV) absorption Poor
Part Planning
The process flow for the production process of a plastic bottle made of polyethylene terephthalate
polyethylene.
4
5
Assembly Planning
The PET plastic bottle does not undergo the assembly process. The PET undergoes blow molding
process. The preformed which is an elongated tube with a narrow neck and an opening is heated and
inflated in an injection mold machine to create the final PET bottle shape. The PET process is a single
step process.
Clear comparisons
Clear comparative analysis
Discussions
Extent and adequacy of industrial engineering techniques applied
Conclusion & Recommendations
Concluding remarks and recommendations regarding the project by:
Member 1:
Member 2:
Member 3:
6
Member 4:
Reflection
Reflection on the learning experience by:
Member 1:
Member 2:
Member 3:
Member 4:
