HISTORY OF GENESIS OF

THE ALPHABET
Origins of the alphabet
Stratis Hatgivlastis

=A =Λ =Θ

=Φ =Μ

=Q

According to Plato and Aristotle each symbol have meanings of

«sounds, visuals, human behavior, and weather conditions», and
every symbol character has an abbreviated meaning.

Stratis Hatgivlastis Origins of the alphabet 2006 ©

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Stratis Hatgivlastis Origins of the alphabet 2006 © copyright

Email: shatgis@stipsi.gr
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INDEX

Preface ....................................................................................................4
Chronological Table .....................................................................................6
The creation of symbols ............................................................................. 12
THE MINOAN-MYCENAEAN LINEAR B SCRIPT ..................................................14
Cadmus and the Phoenicians ....................................................................... 25
ZEUS AND EUROPE ................................................................................... 29
Plato's Cratylus The etymologies (390e-427d) .............................................. 36
ONLY GREEKS HAVE ΘΕΟΙ - GODS ............................................................... 64
The 12 Gods of Olympus ............................................................................ 68
The 4 obligations are the 4 pillars of civilization ............................................84
The 9 Muses and the 9 MUSIUMS of words ..................................................86
The 147 Delphic commandments ...............................................................89
HOMER NEVER EXISTED ..........................................................................96
Pegasus Medusa and the Atlantic ocean .....................................................103
ATLAS and the Atlantic ocean ................................................................... 122
Greek Grammar ..................................................................................... 129
WOMEN OF ANCIENT GREECE And their role in the Community ......................130
SAPPHO FROM LESBOS (LESVOS) .............................................................134
THEOGONY - TITANS Paleolithic beliefs ......................................................136
The 4 cataclysms=(floods) 9600 BC — 3300 BC ..........................................140
Alphabetical numbers ..............................................................................144
Phoenician symbols ...................................................................................145
THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE IN SCIENCE ………………………….147

THE ALPHABET
A page……………………………………………….40 Ν page……………………………………...92
Β page……………………………………………….47 Ξ page……………………………………….93
Γ page……………………………………………….49 Ο page……………………………………...94
Δ page……………………………………………...50 Π page……………………………………..100
Ε page……………………………………………...53 Ρ page……………………………………..109
Ζ page……………………………………………...60 Σ page……………………………………..110
Η page……………………………………………… 61 Τ page……………………………………..112
Θ page……………………………………………...62 Υ page……………………………………..115
Ι page………………………………………….…...75 Φ page…………………………………….117
Κ page……………………………………………….77 Χ page……………………………………..119
Λ page……………………………………………….82 Ψ page…………………………………….120
Μ page……………………………………………. 83 Ω page……………………………………..121
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PREFACE
Introduction
This book attempts to establish and prove the origins of the Greek alphabet
as being ultimately derived from the ancient Greeks, and not from the
Phoenicians as is widely accepted. Following extensive research, it is my
opinion that the complexity of a language is the result of the building
blocks of individual characters or symbols forming the words, those sym-
bols which have evolved to become the alphabet. Each individual symbol
must be able to be interpreted and ‘read’ as individual stand alone charac-
ters, the combination and order of which tell a story.

Every character or symbol is an icon of an image, a tool, a human activity

or a weather condition. This will be examined and presented in detail
throughout, and can be further supported through the modern Greek let-
ters H, Y, I, which phonetically have the same sound but as symbols, have
very different meanings. Through examining the letters and their symbol-
ism, and most crucially the order in which they are presented, and as a re-
sult deciphering a meaning, reveals the origin of what has evolved to be-
come a language. With this brief outline, it will become apparent that some
of the same symbols within the Phoenician language representing different
and groundless meanings than the ancient Greek symbols, when creating
words have the outcome of an indiscernible result….

The Phoenicians

Plato describing Phoenicians as good seamen with no other skill,

they did not leave civilization of intellectual and spiritual herit-
age.

Homer's (Odyssey Ξ. 287- 290)

[...but, when the eighth year came, a Phoenician, untrustworthy
man, con artist, approached me....]
...αλλ' ότε δή ογδοόν μοι επιπλόμενον έτος ήλθε, δή τότε Φοίνιξ ήλθεν
ανήρ απατήλια ειδώς, τρώκτης, ός δή πολλά κάκ` ανθρώποισιν εώργει.

Homer's (Odyssey Ο. 415 - 417)

There seamen Phoenicians arrived, well known thieves, with lots
of fandangles in their ship.
Ένθα δέ Φοίνικες ναυσίκλυτοι ήλυθον άνδρες, τρώκται, μυρί' άγοντες α-
θύρματα νηί μελαίνη·.....

Herodotus (484-425 B.C.)

the two men who killed Hipparchus belonged...I have myself looked into
the matter and find that they were really Phoenicians.
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THE GREEK ALPHABET

ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩ

C-F-J-Q-S
Gradually removed from the Greek alphabet

THE LATIN ALPHABET

Latin symbols were also Greek originating from Euboea
near the city of Kymi.

D-G-L-W-U-V-R

The Latin symbols are the same as the Greek symbols with a rotation and
different meaning
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CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

Stone Age
Paleolithic 700,000-9000 BC Neanderthal man¹
Mesolithic 9000-7000 BC

Neolithic
Pre-ceramic 7000-6500 BC
Early Neolithic I 6500– 5900 BC (scientists believe that
Early Neolithic II 5900– 5700 BC the human brain is the
Middle Neolithic 5700 - 4800 BC same as it was 400
Late Neolithic 4800 - 3800 BC thousand years ago)
Final Neolithic 3800 - 3500 BC

Bronze Age
Minoan Period 3500— 1000 BC Crete Greece

¹ Neanderthal man: it is not Known where Neanderthal man

first developed, but he spread very widely; his bones have
been discovered at several sites in western Asia and in al-
most all the countries of Europe, in an arc lying beyond the
southernmost limit reached by the ice during the last glacial
period, from 70,000 to 30,000 years ago.
(Excerpt taken from the book THE LAST TWO MILLION YEARS Reader’s
digest)

The southern re-

gion of the Bal-
kans are the most
friendly to man,
concerning the
whether condi-
tions, voluntarily
trapping humans
to reside perma-
nently and not to
became nomads
like the rest of
other regions, they
were the first to
create homes.
 7

Aegean islands (Cyclades) were joint, stretching from the Greek mainland
to almost joining Turkey leaving a lake in the north Aegean

Paleolithic 700.000 - 9.000 Mesolithic 9.000 - 7.000

Neolithic 7.000 - 3.500 B.C.
B.C. B.C.

coastal shores at about 18.000 coastal shores at about 12.000

years ago Paleolithic period years ago beginning of Mesolithic
period
Today sea level

coastal shores at about 10.000 coastal shores at about 7.000

years ago Mesolithic period years ago Neolithic period
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Unfortunately today we don't realize the rapid geological metabolic changes

of the environment as it happened at that time. We know today that before
18.000 years ago the coastal waters of Greece have been suffered of con-
tinues floods and earthquakes causing the sea level to rise 150 meters, and
the land gradually to sink below their feet, the need to communicate by
crossing the waters made the people good seamen

The islands are the mountains of the Aegean

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[New Information on the Petralona Skull Controversy]

Ancient Origins has re-

cently presented the de-
bate about the skull
found in Petralona,
Greece. This debate has
been continuing in the
scientific community for
more than half a centu-
ry. While the Greek gov-
ernment has tried to su-
press information re-
garding the skull and
disallow Dr Aris Poulian-
os and his collaborators

from carrying out further research, many scientists have spoken out in
support. Read the background to the discovery of a human skull in Petra-
lona, that has since been referred to as ‘Petralona Man’.

In a recent letter to the Ministry of Culture in Greece, dated 13th August

2013, Dr. Kyung Sik Woo, the South Korean President of the International
Union of Speleology, a UNESCO-recognized organization that represents
cave scientists and cavers in over 60 countries, wrote:

Petralona Cave, in Chalkidiki, Greece, is an internationally significant ar-

chaeological and paleontological site. Over the years there have been dis-
putes about the age of the hominin skeletons recovered from the cave.
More recently I've heard concerns about the condition and security of
those materials, and that research scientists, notably the primary scientists
who studied the material and the cave, Drs Aris and Nikolas Poulianos, are
being refused access to the materials and cave for further research. I am
writing on behalf of the Union Internationale de Speleology (UIS) to state
and request the following be done openly and transparently: Demonstrate
that the materials are safe from harm and establish a policy to assure their
continued long-term security; use documents and other information to
prove the authenticity and provenance of the materials; carefully and ac-
curately document the physical condition of the materials and any damage
to establish a baseline from which their future condition and the effects of
any handling should be secured and future study can be precisely com-
pared and measured; and develop a policy that includes the procedures,
conditions, and limitations under which any qualified scientist can access
the materials for further study.
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Professor Macie Henneberg, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uni-

versity of Cape Town, has also reiterated the importance of the discovery:

There is no doubt that all aspects of the origins of humans and of their pre-
sent-day life are of interest to all mankind and that no effort should be
spared in investigating them… The cave of Petralona and related sites stand
out as one of the foremost documents of man's origins. Some disputes are
still going on, but it is becoming ever clearer that the exact age of the
Petralona skull is very important concerning the investigation of human
evolution for many reasons.

It is a totally different consideration whether the diversification of our sub-

species (anthropological types, phylae, or the commonly called races) took
place thousands of years ago or almost one million years ago. Until deter-
mining the age of the Petralona skull at ~700,000 years, all human fossils
before around 400,000 years were considered as belonging to one species
of Homo erectus, for example, ‘Beijing man’ (500,000 years), Java man
(900,000 years), or other African exemplars (around 1.1 million years). Re-
capitulating the facts and the surrounding framework concerning the Petra-
lona skull, initially it was considered by P. Kokkoros and A. Kanellis, Profes-
sors of Thessaloniki University, that it represented an unstratified female
Neanderthal of ~50,000-70,000 years ago. The same age was given in
1964 by two German researchers, O. Sickenberg in Paleontology and E.
Breitinger in Anthropology, the latter declaring that Petralona man is “the
first African out of Africa”.
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When Dr Aris Poulianos had the opportunity to study the skull, he immedi-
ately highlighted the European traits of the male Petralona man. In 1968,
and again from 1975 to 1983, he excavated the Petralona cave, proving
that the human skull belonged to a well evident stratigraphic sequence
(corresponding to the 11th layer), of 700,000 years old, presenting its
own Paleolithic culture, not to mention the oldest traces of fire ever kin-
dled by a human being. The above mentioned professor, O. Sickenberg,
with the help of his pupil G. Shutt, indirectly agreed with Dr Aris Poulianos
concerning the date of 700,000 years before passing away by the end of
1970. The initial international reaction was that no humans could exist at
that age out of Africa in Europe. Therefore, Dr Aris Poulianos’ theory was
seen as exaggerated. However, during the next decades due also to Petra-
lona excavating data, other European Palaeo-anthropological sites were
proven to be of an analogous age (700,000 years), such as Mauer
(Germany), Isernia (Italy) or Boxgrove (England). The scientific “wind”
started slowly to “blow” in favour of Poulianos. Discoveries such as in Ata-
puerca (Spain), Ceprano (Italy) or Dmanissi (Caucasus) reconfirmed the
initial idea that in Europe the existence of humans could be of 2 million
years ago, if not even more. However, in Greece, it seems that this news
never arrived and that things became worse. That is why Professor Macie
Henneberg wrote in a letter to “Current Anthropology” (v. 29, 1988):

By the entrance to the (Petralona Anthropological) museum there is a

marble plaque describing the purpose of the museum and stating that it
was erected through Dr. Poulianos efforts. His name has been crudely
chiselled off (though parts of it are still legible). There is no competent
anthropologist supervising the site and the museum at the moment… I do
think that it is unethical to erase facts with a chisel and to prevent compe-
tent researchers from continuing their work at the site.

It is important herewith to point out that after Dmanissi, a new “exodus

like theory” emerged. First, Homo habilis escaped (via deserts of Sinai)
from Africa to Eurasia, where finally it became extinct. On the contrary, in
Africa, Homo habilis evolved into Homo erectus, who in its turn spread to
the rest of the world, but finally disappeared there too. In Africa, however
it evolved into Homo heidelbergensis (an archaic form of Homo sapiens),
defused all over the world, but where it also disappeared. In Africa, Homo
heidelbergensis evolved into Homo sapiens where it supposedly spread
out of Africa 200,000 years ago.

http://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology-opinion-guest-
authors/new-information-petralona-skull-controversy-001380#!bs7h3O
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The evolution of the human race and the need to communicate, resembles
the story of the Babel tower of the book of genesis in the bible, people not
able to understand each other. Nowadays we find in caves and in other
carvings animal and human images describing the intelligence of prehis-
toric people leaving their marks of the past.

Greek prehistoric carvings

Symbols evolved accidentally some times and unscheduled but finally they
became useful. The creation of symbols: giving to a 5 year old child
pencil and paper asking him to draw something, eventually he will come up
with a result, then we ask the child what did he draw? And the child will
come with the answer! This is daddy surprisingly the child has created an
alphabetic symbol = A then the child draws a hammer that
becomes symbol T ,with this hammer symbol T they created words Τέχνη
= technical, technology, τοίχος= wall using the hammer. The child then
draws a cup to hold liquids That became symbol Y

The glass or cup is symbol Y 

If the Phoenicians created the alphabet then why their symbols don't make
meaningful words? by breaking each word into abbreviated way as de-
scribed on each symbol-letter farther in this book (example ώρα=time,
ω= big area universe, ρ= run, rays, α= beginning), (=) in the universe
=ω, the rays =ρ, of light began to run from the beginning =α, of the cre-
ation of the universe). (hour from the Greek=ώρα )

Any human drawing, or carving, to create an image, have some logical

meaning and understanding, therefore it is obvious that every symbol of
the alphabet is a description of something, over the past of thousands of
years hundreds and more symbols, have been created but finally we end
up with the ones we use today. Humans used symbols to communicate, but
different regions different symbols, Egyptians, Babylonians, Persians, As-
syrians, and more. The only symbols uniting people of the nations are the
Greek symbols.
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home

It is difficult to give an exact chronological time of creation, but I strongly

believe that began as early as the stone age. (scientists believe that the hu-
man brain is the same as it was 400 thousand years ago)

Ceramic from
Gioura Greece
5.000 bc
Engraved sym-
Symbols pre Cycladic pot- bols A, Y, Δ
tery from Milo's island 3.000
bc Written same as to day
symbols X, N.

Jewellery from
the Incas show-
ing engraved
Greek symbols
Χ, Σ, Υ
North of India 5.500
years old

Found in France older

then 7.000 years,
Clay tablet with a
Linear A text showing many Greek Clay tablet with a Linear
(From the palace symbols Η, Μ, Γ, Κ, Ψ, A inscription (From the
at Knossos Crete) Τ. and more Knossos Crete archive)
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home

[Linear A & Linear B symbols]

British linguist, known for his translation of previously un-
decipherable scripts and the theory that Linear B was an
archaic form of the Greek language.

Although born in Wheathampstead, Hertfordshire, he grew

up in Switzerland and was therefore able to speak French
and German as well as English. From his Polish mother he
acquired Polish and he was known to have a talent for
learning languages, including the ancient Greek and Latin
he studied at school. He had no formal linguistics training
and started out as an architecture student.

As a schoolboy, Ventris attended a lecture by Sir Arthur

Evans on undeciphered Minoan scripts and he became
fascinated by their decipherment and the study of similar
ancient texts. The script in question, called Linear B, was
found on tablets dating from the middle of the 2nd mil-
lennium bc that were discovered by Evans in 1900 in
Crete.

While Evans ruled out any possibility that Linear B could

have been connected with Greek, Ventris noticed some
possible similarities in the word endings and, pursuing
this clue, he began to outline the structure of the lan-
guage, which he believed seemed similar to Greek.

He was able to decipher much of the text and show that

it was Mycenaean. In doing so he upended Evans`s theo-
Linear B
ry that the scripts (and civilization in Crete at the time
they were written) were Minoan.

The Arcado-Cyprian dialect, about which very little is known, is the descendant of a
form spoken in Mycenaean times in at least the Peloponnese and some of the south-
ern islands. The deciphering (1952) of the so-called Linear B script (by British lin-
guist Michael Ventris), examples of which were found on tablets during the excava-
tions made in Crete and on the mainland of Greece after 1900, revealed it as an
ancestor (1500-1400 bc) of Arcado-Cyprian.

These researches indicate that the Greeks were a literate people many hundreds of
years before the period of the first Greek poet, Homer (probably the 9th century
bc). Most scholars of today accept Ventris theory that Linear B was related to the
Greek language.

Ventris`s life was cut short when he died in a car accident, shortly before a collabo-
ration with John Chadwick, Documents in Mycenaean Greek (1956), was published.
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[THE MINOAN-MYCENAEAN LINEAR B SCRIPT]

The Linear B script was already identified by A. Evans, who found the majority of
the tablets in the palace at Knossos but jealously guarded the right of publication for
himself, it was only in 1951, after the discovery in the meantime of other texts in
mainland Greece, mainly at Pylos, that it became possible to study them. They were
finally deciphered by M. Ventris and J. Chadwick. The Linear B script was used in
Minoan and Mycenaean palaces during the LM II, LM III and LH III periods (1450-
1200 BC). About 5,500 tablets and other objects inscribed with this script come from
six palaces and palace centres: about 4,000 tablets or fragments of tablets come
from the palace at Knossos, dating from its final phase (1450-1350BC) and 1,250
tablets from the palace at Pylos. Only a few dozen or so inscriptions come from
the palaces at Thebes, Mycenae, Tiryns, and Kydonia (Chania). Other Inscriptions
have been found on vases at Eleusis and Orchomenos. The tablets containing Linear
B inscriptions were preserved purely by accident. The only ones to survive were
those that were baked during the fires that destroyed the palaces. It is reckoned
that only one tenth of the total number of written documents survived. A. Evans cor-
rectly supposed from the very beginning that they contained accounts and records.
Despite the external similarities between Linear A and Linear B, the latter has sever-
al points of difference in terms of its internal structure, and also the external form of
the symbols. In terms of structure, Linear B makes use of groups of phonetic sym-
bols followed by an ideogram and a number, referring to the same item. With regard
to form, both Linear A and Linear B use virtually the same number of syllabograms,
about 100. Some of these are common to both scripts. From the above it may be
deduced that the three main forms of Minoan script, though closely connected with
each other, do not represent stages in a simple development, with Linear A replac-
ing the pictorial script, and being replaced in turn by Linear B. This was noted by
Evans. Continue next page

Stone ladle a heart-shaped cult vessel of

A tablet with the ideogrammatic translucent alabaster Linear A symbols
script. (From the Knossos archive) are incised on the rim. (From the Troulos
district at Archanes).
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It is certain that there was some overlapping of the scripts, and different schools of
scribes worked at different speeds, though in the same general direction of simplify-
ing and standarddisign the symbols. Linear B inscriptions are found on four catego-
ries of object: clay page-shaped tablets, clay 'palm-leaf' tablets clay seal impres-
sions, and vases. The same method of writing incising with a sharp point on a piece
of wet clay -was used for inscriptions on tablets inscriptions on tablets and seal im-
pressions, all of which were part of the palace archives. They were kept in wooden
boxes. Inscriptions on vases were painted, however, and probably relate to the place
of origin or possibly the owner of the vases. Tablets occur in two shapes: long narrow
'palm-leaves', and rectangular 'pages'. The first type was suitable for lists, and the
second for individual transactions and calculations. The texts are written breadthways
on the surface, which is usually divided by ruler incised lines. They were composed
by professional scribes following certain rules. The texts on the tablets are calligraph-
ically written and well arranged. The basic elements used in Linear B are sylabo-
grams, ideograms, symbols for measures and weights, and number groups. Quite
irrespective of the system used to organize the archives by the scribes who wrote
Linear B, modern scholars have classified the texts under eighteen categories, de-
pending on the object to which they refer. These consist of tablets referring to per-
sonnel, domestic animals, sheep, corn, quantities of foodstuffs, (offerings and distri-
butions of olive-oil), the registering or distribution of metals, vases, fabrics, lists of
weapons, chariots and panoplies, vessels, various supplies, lists with no ideograms,
'palm-leaf tablets, seal impressions, fragments of tablets, and inscriptions on
vases. The decipherment of the texts, published in detail in 1956, and the study of
the language of the texts are both of great interest. Only a very general account can
be given here. It was assumed at the outset that the language of the tablets was
Greek and that the words had inflection, with cases and gender. The signs had a syl-
labic phonetic value and followed a particular orthography that was difficult and had
innovative rules. There were precise correspondences between the syllabic script and
ideograms, which later con-firmed the correctness of the decipherment. The deci-
pherment was accepted by the majority of scholars of Greek prehistory, and many
continue to study and attempt to improve the method and find further evidence to
confirm it. At the same time, systematic attempts are continuing to decipher the Lin-
ear A script. The reading of the Mycenaean script shed considerable light on the eco-
nomic and social life of the Late Bronze II and III periods in the Aegean.
(Excerpt taken from the book MINOAN CRETE from myth to history Adonis Vasilakis Ad-
am editions 1999)

Clay seal impressions indicating the rank of

the official, the 4 symbols Χ, Ξ, E, Υ
My suggested decipherment, the activities
of works involving: Χ=Earth excavations,
pile up=Ξ,
to produce work=E,
ceramic pipes for water and sewerage=Υ.
(From the palace at Knossos)
 17

[Linear A & Linear B many of this symbols are included in the Alphabet]
 18

Linear A and Linear B

Many symbols are familiar to
present alphabet

home
 19

HISTORICAL SCENE
Humans may appeared before hundreds of thousands of years ago all over the
earth, the important proposition is to understand the effect of the great quality of
differences of civilizations. Whereas civilization doesn't exist without a language. It
takes a long process for a language-civilization to mature, for the reason that a lan-
guage is relevant to habitat and geological conditions of that region, and the long
gradual development of it’s people.
Examining the Greek area we understand the uniqueness from other areas, the
friendly conditions of the environment and the variety of food collections but also
the discovery of the technique to cultivate the fields and animal breading as a result
to develop a proper settlement to the area. Paleolithic Greeks never lived as no-
mads the mountains the plain and the sea gave them all they needed. No civiliza-
tion and language can be developed if people don't have permanent homes, In the
house Εστία-Hestia the fireplace was a deity, where the fire was never allowed to
go out.

Cyclops considered the first to have build their

homes within strong walls. “Cyclopean walls are
one of the most impressive remains from archaic
civilizations. They are found in many places in
Greece,

The many names of the primitive Greeks

ΕΛΛΟΨ, ΚΥΚΛΩΨ, ΠΕΛΑΣΓΟΣ, ΕΛΛΗΝ
HELLOPS, CYCLOPS, PELASGOS, HELLIN

Sounds and optical scenes arranged in three categories were the basic
structure of the Greek language
A) Category, sounds and icons originating from natural human surround-
ings, Played an important role to humans, mimicking natures sounds that
were the basic structure of the Greek language.
B) Category, sounds and icons emerging from human activities (work, so-
cial communications, feelings of hostility)
Γ) Category, sounds and icons come from human hypostasis. For various
expressions happiness, sorrow, pain, anger, surprise, fear, love, admire,
etcetera.
 20

The Greek writing is older since or before the appearance of Zeus

and the muses, long before the appearance of the Phoenicians.
MUSE ΚΑΛΛΙΟΠΗ (=CALLIOPE) KALLI (=good, right, brilliant, etc.,
OPE=open eye, broad vision. The many dialects of Greece Achaea, Crete,
Dorea, Cydon, Pelasgia originating from Zeus era causing confusion. The
muse =museum CALLIOPE considered as the greatest offer, sorting out the
many words of the seamen to be understood by the people of the moun-
tains and vice versa and in all regions and trades, and to create a common
dictionary.
ΓΛΩΣΣΑ (=GLOSSA=tongue=language=knowledge) the knowledge of
many words to rise the level of civilization.

According to Plato and Aristotle each symbol have meanings of

«sounds, visuals, human behavior, and weather conditions», and
every symbol character has an abbreviated meaning.

This wooden plaque on the right,

found in Kastoria Greece aging
7,250 years old, according the
radiocarbon,14c (C14) examina-
tion, proving the prehistoric exist-
ence of the Greek writing, unques-
tionable about the myth that the
Greeks where not autochthon
(natives) from their own country.

Characters of linear A, many symbols of

Poetry in papyrus scroll
8th century BC today's alphabet appear in this plaque
 21

Below is the decipherment of the linear B tablet as described by Chadwick

rendering in modern Greek pronunciation

In my kingdom everything will be burn, you my son go with a horse to the underworld’s kingdom

The tablet, Greek Archaic similar Ionic Alphabet, discovered at Sodo Italy.
(archeological museum Florence)
LONDON — John Chadwick, a self-effacing linguist who played a key role in decipher-
ing the ancient Greek writings known as Linear B and then spent the rest of his life de-
flecting credit to his collaborator, has died. Mr. Chadwick died in England on Nov. 24 at
age 78.
That was when Mr. Chadwick and colleague Michael Ventris announced they had un-
locked the secrets to a puzzle that had confounded scholars for more than half a centu-
ry, and even determined that Linear B was a style of Greek used 500 years before the
age of Homer.
 22

Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily was a Greek historian: For the Greek
alphabet, that the Homeric epics were written with Pelasgik Grammatik let-
ters (=Πελασγικά γράμματα) that of a very early Greek writing different
to linear B symbols.

Pelasgik writing:
Α ΝΑ ΔΑ ΡΑ ΜΟ Ε ΝΕ ΠΕ ΜΟ ΣΑ
ΠΟ ΛΥ ΤΟ ΡΟ ΠΟ Ο ΜΑ ΛΑ ΠΟ ΛΑ
ΠΑ ΛΑ ΓΕ ΧΕ ΘΕ… (!)

On MYNAS MINOIDE discourse mentioning that Homers Athenian teacher

Pronapedes was the first to dispose and to reform the writing (Pelasgik
writing) similar the one we use today.
 23

Ancient coins picturing livestock

home
 24

Catalogue list of different Greek alphabets, the second from left is the pelas-
gik alphabet
 home 25

Cadmus (Κάδμος) and the Phoenicians

Homer's (Odyssey E. 299-333-335)
«Τον δέ ίδεν Κάδμου θυγάτηρ, καλλίσφυρος Ινώ, λευκοθέη, ή πρίν
μέν έην βροτός αυδήεσσα ν΄ν δ' αλός εν πελάγεσσι θεών εξέμμορε
τμής»
[Odysseus on his despair fighting the sea and almost drowned, Cadmus
daughter Eno emerged from the sea, long before she was mortal with
human voice, but now in the seas she is honored as a Goddess].

Homer's (Iliad Z. 169-170)

«Γράψας ἐν πίνακι πτυκτῶ θυμοφθόρα πολλά»
(Γράψας=he writes)
We read: [Pritos with aggravating thought to revenge Velerofontes be-
trayal to Pritos hospitability, as an adulterer, he writes fearfully events,
on double wooden plaques and he folded them, he send them with
Velerofontes to Pritos father-in-law for Velerofontes bad doings, Pritos
knew that Velerofontes could not read!!!. and would be punished from
Pritos father-in-law.]

Cadmus honored by Gods Athena and Ares on his marriage

(450 BC metropolitan museum New York)
Here we see in Homer that he's confirming a great distance of chronological
time placing Cadmus daughter «Eno» the same era with Zeus.
(Cadmus the Greek his son Phoenix primogenitor of the Phoenicians)
 26

Herodotus (484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus on the origins of the Greek Alphabet: (5.58-61) from
Herodotus, The Histories, transl. Audrey de Selincourt, Penguin
Books, 1972. ISBN 0-14-044034-8

Repulsed from Sparta, *Aristagoras (?-497 BC) went on to Athens, which

had been liberated from autocratic government in the way which I will now
describe.

*Hipparchus (600-527 BC), the son of Pisistratus and brother of the despot
Hippias, in spite of a vivid dream which warned him of his danger, was
murdered by Harmodius and *Aristogiton (555-514 BC), two men belong-
ing to the family of the

Gephyraei (=Hebrews); the murder, however, did the Athenians no good,

for the oppression they suffered during the four succeeding years was
worse than before. Hipparchus had dreamt, on the night before the Pan-
athenaic festival, that the tall and beautiful figure of a man stood over his
bed and spoke to him these obscure and riddling words: O lion, endure the
unendurable with enduring heart; No man does wrong and shall not pay
the penalty. At dawn next morning he was seen communicating his dream
to the interpreters; but later he put it out of his mind and took part in the
procession, during which he was killed.The Gephyraei, to whom the two
men who killed Hipparchus belonged...I have myself looked into the matter
and find that they were really Phoenicians, descendants of those who came
with Cadmus to what is now Boeotia where they were allotted the district
of Tanagra to make their homes in. After the expulsion of the Cadmeans
by the Argiva, the Gephyraei were expelled by the Boeotians and took ref-
uge in Athens, where they were received into the community on certain
stated terms, which excluded them from a few privileges not worth men-
tioning here.

*The Phoenicians who came with Cadmus - amongst whom were the
Gephyraei - introduced into Greece, after their settlement in the country, a
number of accomplishments, of which the most important was writing, an
art till then, I think, unknown to the Greeks. At first they used the same
characters as all the other Phoenicians, but as time went on, and they
changed their language, they also changed the shape of their letters. At
that period most of the Greeks in the neighborhood were Ionians; they
were taught these letters by the Phoenicians and adopted them, with a few
alterations, for their own use, continuing to refer to them as the Phoenici-
an characters - as was only right, as the Phoenicians had introduced them.
 27

The Ionians also call paper 'skins' - a survival from antiquity when paper was hard
to get, and they did actually use goat and sheep skins to write on. Indeed, even to-
day many foreign peoples use this material. In the temple of Ismenian Apollo at
Theba in Boeotia I have myself seen cauldrons with inscriptions cut on them in Cad-
mean characters - most of them not very different from the Ionian. There were
three of these cauldrons; one was inscribed: 'Amphityron dedicated me from the
spoils of the Teleboae' and would date from about the time of Laius, son of Lab-
dacus, grandson of Polydorus and great-grandson of Cadmus. Another had an in-
scription of two hexameter verses:Scaeus the boxer, victorious in the contest, Gave
me to Apollo, the archer God, a lovely offering This might be Scaeus the son of Hip-
pocoon; and the bowl, if it was dedicated by him and not by someone else of the
same name, would be contemporary with Laius' son Oedipus. The third was also
inscribed in hexameters:Laodamas, while he reigned, dedicated this couldron To the
good archer Apollo - a lovely offering. It was during the reign of this Laodamas, the
son of Eteocles, that the Cadmeans were expelled by the Argives and took refuge
with the Encheles. The Gephyraei remained in the country, but were later forced by
the Boeoeians to withdraw to Athens, where they have certain temples set apart for
their own special use, which the other Athenians are forbidden to enter; one of them
is the temple of Demeter Achaeia, in which secret rites are performed.

*Hipparchus (600-527 BC) - *Aristogiton (555-514 BC) -

*Aristagoras (?-497 BC) - *Herodotus (484-425 B.C.)

*The red writing indicates what was omitted by Herodotus.

The Phoenicians who came with Cadmus=(recent Cadmus) - amongst whom were
the Gephyraei - introduced into Greece, after their settlement in the country, a
number of accomplishments, of which the most important was writing, an *art till
then, I think, unknown to the Greeks. At first they used the same characters as all
the other Phoenicians, but as time went on, and they changed their language, (to
Greek) they also changed the shape of their letters (to Greek letters). At that period
most of the Greeks in the neighborhood were Ionians; they were taught these Greek
letters by the Phoenicians and adopted them, with a few alterations, for their own
use, continuing to refer to them as the Phoenician characters - as was only right, as
the Phoenicians had introduced them. (*art Calligraphic letters?)

[It is logical to believe that one who moves to a new country and is to stay there for
a long period, is to learn the language and writing of that country, and not the op-
posite].

It is foolish to accept that the Greeks didn't have a language before the abovemen-
tioned dates (about 500 B.C.) they didn't needed the Phoenicians to give them a
language.

Pythagoras 6`th century bc. in mathematics using the alphabet for numbers.

Thales of Miletus 624 - 546 bc., founder of geometry using the alphabet for num-
bers.
 28

Ancient Greek dictionary LIDDELL & SCOT on Cadmus

Κάδμος =Cadmus son, king
of the Phoenicians Agi-
nanagoras, brother of Eu-
rope*, founder of Thebes of
Boeotia. Cadmus brought
from his country Phoenicia
the old Greek alphabet of
16 symbols, they where
named Cadmian or Phoe-
nician symbols
(Herodotus*) those 16 sym-
bols later increased with the
addition of another 8 sym-
bols from the Greek Ionia
(oversight of Asia, across
from Cyprus).
η, ω, θ, φ, χ, ζ, ξ, ψ.

The old Greek 16 symbols: a, β, γ, δ, ε, ι, κ, λ, μ, ν, ο, π, ρ, σ, τ, υ.

The dictionary is misinformed on this writing based on Herodotus error,

When the Greek cognatic relation with the Phoenicians was forgotten, He-
rodotus thought that the Greeks adopted the alphabet from them, without
knowing that the Phoenicians were also Greeks

(Herodotus was a writer of no evidence concerning

the originality of the alphabet, for what he was writ-
ing he is referring to Cadmus concurrent to himself
while the first Cadmus was about 10.000 years ago
(?), Herodotus error proven after the discovery of
the linear A and B scripts of Michael Ventris, after
the excavation of the Minoan civilization in Crete at
1900 aD).

Minoan dress and style

 home 29

*EUROPE = ΕΥΡΩΠΗ =(ΕΥΡΩ = wide + ΟΠΗ = eyes). Europe= broad eyes

(Ω = ΟΟ)
Κάδμος=(Cadmus)
Cadmus son Aginanagoras, king of the Phoenici-
ans brother of Europe, founder of Thebes of
Boeotia Greece.
Detail of Europa =(Europe) riding across the sea
on the back of the bull-shaped god Zeus

The myth of Europe and its variations

Starting off as a mortal woman in Greek Mythology, Europe became im-

mortal after her name was given to the continent. One legend says that
Europe had a dream one night in which two women – actually two conti-
nents –were arguing. One of them, Asia, believed that Europe belonged to
Asia, since she was born there. The other one with no name -Europe - said
Zeus would give the name to her.

The myth of Europe and Zeus has some slightly different variations about
the details of how they met and how the bull seduced her. What all of them
have in common is that Zeus one day saw Europe among other young
women and was so struck by her beauty and her charms that he, known as
the God with many love affairs, decided to take her for himself. His plan
was to turn himself into a white bull and swim to the shore of Asia where
she lived.

The bull was so pretty and gentle that all women at the shore fell for him.
But he bent in front of Europe offering her his back to ride. She mounted
on his back and the bull took her from Phoenicia, across the sea, to Crete,
to Dikteon Andron, the cave where he was born. That is where he showed
his real identity to Europe.
 30

HERODOTUS original copy in ancient Greek

about the Phoenicians and the alphabet

34. The Γεφυραίο=(Gephirae=Hebrews) Herodotus suggests the Gephi-

rae were Phoenician descendants. (The Γεφυραίοι=(Gephirae=Hebrews)
an Aeolic dialect: Γοι Εφραίοι=Εβραίοι (οι Εβραίοι)
As many presuppose that Herodotus was philobarbarus (friendly to other
countries except for his own)
(a characteristic to all Greeks degrading them selves, forgetting that eve-
rything began from them)
 31

Translation in Modern Greek

Meander
 32

HERODOTUS original copy in ancient Greek

about the Phoenicians and the alphabet
Continued

36. Herodotus is not certain but he thinks, because he was unacquainted with
the facts that in 1900 the discovery of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilization
and the writing of linear A and B is disregarding the myth that the alphabet was
Phoenician
 33

Translation in Modern Greek

37. papyrus (paper from trees, scroll) came from Ionia at about the 7th centu-
ry b.C.

58. as time wend on the Phoenicians changed the schema of the letters (it is
not clear what exactly Herodotus meaning, perhaps he is referring to calli-
graphic letters?)
 34

Translation in Modern Greek

Herodotus on his many errors, one of them worth mentioning is the river Nile
in Egypt, he suggests that have it’s sources west in Libya ignoring the desert.
(Libya at that time was the entire African continent)

He is ignoring any information concerning Europe he suggests that Europe is

about the same size as Asia
 35

HERODOTUS original copy in ancient Greek

about the Phoenicians and the alphabet
Continued
 36
home

Plato's Cratylus The etymologies (390e-427d)

Socrates' proposed answer fills the very extensive central section of the dialogue. In
short (for to say it at length would exceed the capacity of this article), names are
appropriate to their objects in so far as they describe what they are.
According to a long series of etymologies proposed by Socrates, the Greek vocabu-
lary itself, when suitably decoded, is an elaborate set of descriptions of what each
named item is.
To continue with the example already mentioned, the Greek word for ‘man’, an-
thrôpos, according to Socrates appears to break down into ana thrôn ha
opôpe (αναθρών α όπωπε), ‘one who reflects on what he has seen’. That is, the
species which uniquely possesses both eyesight and intelligence has been given a
name which acknowledges precisely that distinguishing combination.
The argument with Socrates, and Cratylus that the correctness to a name is the
meaning of the elements that creates the word, and to describe it as accurate as it
can be, like a painting using the right colors and the right combination of elements
to create a logical image that may emerge from that painting, using the proper
symbols-letters or a combination of small sentences like music notes to create and
build the word. (a word should be created from a combination of symbols of tools,
sounds, visuals, human activities, and whether conditions)
On the other hand many words are not as correct as they should have been, for the
reason that this words, from the creation where difficult to pronounce (tongue-
twisters) as a result to add an extra vowel or consonant and other times to remove,
this words are difficult to decipher correctly, the most accrued words are the very
ancient prime words. Barbaric words are words that the symbol characters are irrel-
evant to the subject-name (at least the first two or three symbols in that word must
describe the subject-name of that word)

Example: The difference between the two walls, the wall of China, and a
common house wall as described (photo number1) is written ΤΕΙΧΟΣ (wall),
and photo number 2) is written ΤΟΙΧΟΣ (also wall, phonetically both sound
the same but not visually and in writing) every symbol has it’s own icon)).

Photo 1 Photo 2

ΤΕΙΧΟΣ= long walls of a city, the Chinese wall unlimited size E=work
ΤΟΙΧΟΣ= wall of the house a restricted area small area O=my home.
Describing how we can build this words of walls?
Using the T=hemmer=(technique), E=work, I=support on, Χ=earth, O=my
home.

ΧΩΡΟΣ- χώρος=space Ω unlimited size of area ——— (Ω=OO)

ΧΟΡΟΣ- χορός =dance O small area, dancing area
 37

To be more specific I will try to place this words in frames as I was men-
tioned earlier that every word is describing a painting by using symbol
tools

ΤΕΙΧΟΣ= long walls of a city, any wall except a house wall E=work
ΤΟΙΧΟΣ= wall of the house a restricted area small area O=my home.
Describing how we can build this words of walls? Using the
T=hemmer=(technique), = E=work, I=height, support on, X=earth,
O=my home

photo 1 photo 2

Photo number 1 and photo number 2 as described on previous page that

the symbols of the words describe the name of the painting

ΧΩΡΟΣ- χώρος=space Ω unlimited size of area ——— (Ω=OO)

ΧΟΡΟΣ- χορός =dance O small area, dancing area

ΧΩΡΟΣ ΧΟΡΟΣ
χώρος χορός

NOT DIFERENT IN SPEAKING VOCAL SOUND BUT DIFERENT IN WRITING

notice the TONE ( ΄)

 38

Greek philosophers consider any non Greek language as barbaric

language.
1) Greeks who short lived in other barbaric countries brought many barbar-
ic words,
2) The correctness of the names is to revive the substances of the objects,
3) Names are replica exactly as a painting,
*4) The creation of names given with an agreement,
5) For someone who understands the names he will understand the objects
symbols that created the names-words. (Socrates & Cratelus)

*4) The word ΤΕΙΧΟΣ or any word for some one who don’t speak or un-
derstand Greek is meaningless, on the other hand if he understands how to
decipher the Greek symbols will be puzzled to understand the word
(Using the T=hemmer=(technique), = E=work, I=height, O=my home)
The above decoding it may prove or explain some understanding but
doesn't establish or register the word to be placed in a dictionary.
Here comes the agreement to establish the word ΤΕΙΧΟΣ or any other
word for every one to understand.

I will use another example on the word hubris=ύβρις=ΥΒΡΙΣ (abusive, hu-

bristic, insulting) ΥΒΡΙΣ Υ=wet moist saliva spit, Β=violent abuse, Ρ=(r)
run reel orator direction, Ι= wicked, Σ=continuously. As we can see with
all that code breaking we have to come to an agreement and establish the
word as ΥΒΡΙΣ=hubris (by not mixing the order of the symbols).

The agreement is based on the structure of the word by using the

same order at all times the symbols, and not mixing them, to be
more specific Y is first Β comes second R third etc, that order can
never be changed or it will ruin the agreement of the word in the
dictionary. (nevertheless mixing the symbols we probably will get more or
less the same result of understanding without matching the word in the dic-
tionary).

The Latins permanently coarsen them sounds within the same Latin:
quatru - quadru.
Vitruvius (Vitrubius)
The sound of the voice is different depending on variety of breeds
In the South, through, nations have thin and shrill voice.
In Greece, which lies in the middle, producing tone of voice of each region.
Going north, the tone of voice made deeper, and shorter words, to short
breath out to prevent reducing body warmth
 39

Socrates way of teaching, is question and answer, Hermogenes questioning Socra-

tes what he knows about the names* of the Gods, Socrates was amazed of those
who gave names to Gods assuming that they where very intelligent, they under-
stood the symbols of the alphabet and astronomy to give God names to the plan-
ets, all the names are of two or more joint-words, the name of each God is relevant
to his-hers nature. Example:
ΗΡΑ=HERA, if you repeat many times ΗΡΑΗΡΑΗΡΑΗΡΑΗΡ,ΑΗΡ=AIR-air.
ΑΦΡΟΔΙΤΗ=APHRODITE=APHRO=foam, born from the sea wave foams.
ΑΘΗΝΑ=ATHENA=Θεία-νοεί =Gods-knowledge.
ΠΟΣΕΙΔΩΝ=POSEIDON=pose + tightness (you can’t walk across the sea because
your feet are tight in front of the water).
ΔΗΜΗΤΡΑ=ΓΗ-ΜΗΤΟΡ=DIMITRA= mother earth
ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΑΣ=PROMETHEUS=supplier, purvey, (Προμήθεια)=stock up for future
use.
ΠΑΝΔΩΡΑ=PANDORA=PAN=all, DORA=gifts (Pandora=all the gifts, good and bad).

* You can not give names to Gods unless you have the symbols, therefore the
alphabet was created long before the Gods, and beyond the creation of the titans
many thousands of years ago.

ΚΡΟΝΟΣ=CRONUS=ΧΡΟΝΟΣ=chronos, chronograph, chronology =TIME

(time is eating it’s children, if we defeat time then we will live for ever
(immortality).

CRONUS=ΧΡΟΝΟΣ=TIME + his wife RHEA=ΡΟΗ=RUN the run of time

(one can notice the marriage of Cronus and Rhea TIME and RUN the two
in one philosophy!!!).

The myth: Rhea secretly gave birth to Zeus in

Crete, and handed Cronus a stone wrapped in swad-
dling clothes, also known as the Omphalos Stone,
which he promptly swallowed, thinking that it was his
son. Rhea kept Zeus hidden in a cave on Mount Ida,
Crete. According to some versions of the story, he
was then raised by a goat named Amalthea, while a
company of Kouretes, armored male dancers, shout-
ed and clapped their hands to make enough noise to
mask the baby's cries from Cronus. Other versions of
the myth have Zeus raised by the nymph Adamanthea, who hid Zeus by dangling
him by a rope from a tree so that he was suspended between the earth, the sea,
and the sky, all of which were ruled by his father, Cronus. Still other versions of the
tale say that Zeus was raised by his grandmother, Gaia.

Zeus fight and won over his father Cronus=(chronus=time), Zeus marriage
with Hera made the rest of the Gods, they also became immortals.
 home

40

ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩ

A α
Vowel Άλφα—alpha

=NUMBER 1 =NUMBER 1000

=Α «ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ» (human) «ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ - AN - THRO - POS»

describing “A” he stands, reviews he understands, and walks
on two feet. ΑΝ=UPRIGHT - ΘΡΩ=I OBSERVE and understand
- ΠΟΣ=erect posture WALK on two feet.
The vowel «A» is the first symbol character of the alphabet. According to
this symbol words with Greek meaning «ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ» (human) Anthropos,
Ανθρωπολογία (= Anthropology).

Visually: the Paleolithic Greeks describing man as =A. In sound:

Man is the only mammal animal that cries on his birth, giving the sound
AAA!!!. the Human expression: AAA!!!=admire, AAA!!!=understanding,
and to laugh, HA,HA,HA. Placing man at the beginning of every aspect, be-
cause without the human substance, the alphabet would be meaningless,
(therefore A is at the beginning of the alphabet and also in numbers is
number 1), (also A is the Αρχή=arche=(beginning)=archangel, arch-
bishop, αρχηγός=leader. It has no relation with the Phoenician symbol
of an ox head.
[From ancient Greece broken ceramic pieces found, each with a
drawing of a letter symbol on them, used for teaching, placing one
next to the other (some times sideways or facing up) to create
words].

(this ceramic piece resembles an ox head!!!, when the Phoeni-

cians asked what was the name of it? ΑΛΦΑ=ALPHA was the an-
swer, so alpha means ox they thought ) the same happened with
the rest of the alphabet giving different meanings to them. (look for
Phoenician symbols in this book)

According to Herodotus Phoenicians used the Greek symbols to

make artistic objects (...an art till then, I think, unknown to the
Greeks), introducing them to other countries as their own symbols.
Homer's (Odyssey Ο. 415 - 417)
There seamen Phoenicians arrived, well known thieves, with lots
of fandangles in their ship.
Ένθα δέ Φοίνικες ναυσίκλυτοι ήλυθον άνδρες, τρώκται, μυρί'
άγοντες αθύρματα νηί μελαίνη·.....
(the Greek word ΑΛΦΑ=ALPHA by the Phoenicians symbolizing to
them as an OX head, then obviously thought that the Greek word
alpha to the Phoenicians meant also an ox)
 41

The orientation of the symbols as we understand, were not placed in a correct order
reading ΘΕΡΑΚΛΕΣ = ΗΡΑΚΛΗΣ = HERCULES from right to left, and on the right of
the photo 1 the Centaur ΝΕΤΟΣ= ΝΕΣΟΣ, this causing confusion to understand the
correct order, some times face down, or on reverse side face the symbols, as I ex-
plained on the previous page. (Archeological museum Athens)

Below in photo 2, the symbol Σ is facing down =M. (the Louvre museum Paris)
 42

Phoenicians had no idea of the symbolic meaning for every letter

symbol of the Greek alphabet
Greeks used the alphabet also as numbers A=is number 1, B is number
2, etcetera, therefore «A» is the ΑΡΧΗ (=archi = beginning first in line,
also representing intelligent human). The abbreviated meaning of ΑΛ-
ΦΑ (=ALPHA) is: Α=αρχή (archi at the beginning of the alphabet, first
in line), Λ=L=ΛΑΜΔΑ (LAMBDA) is (=the human organ the tongue)
=λόγος = language, words from the mouth using the tongue), Φ=(f=ph)
φως=light, enlightenment, light to the brain), Α=to humans.

[The meaningless Phoenician version of ΑΛΦΑ:

Α=ox, Λ=goad, Φ =monkey, A =ox ] (look for Phoenician alphabet)

Barbaric words =bar, bar, bur, bur: Greeks consider other languages as
barbaric for the reason that if a word can not be broken in an abbreviated
meaning of each letter symbol, unfolding the image of the word.
(barbarous is not a bad person but his words don't make sense)
(barbarous is uncivilized, uneducated)

In sound: of «A» Αααα!!!! is the expression of admire, the cry of a new

born baby, Αχ!! = Ah!! in pain and in sorrow, Χαχαχα!!!! = (HaHaHa!!!) in
laughter, the sound of the intelligence that only humans have.

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ = Human, admire, amazement, happiness, anger
ΑΡΧΗ (arche)= beginning ΑΡΧΗ=archeology (=beginning, leadership),
and Number 1 archangel

[If symbol «A» is representing an ox then every word that includes that
symbol, will lose it's meaning, and the entire Greek language will be mean-
ingless].

Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced differently

from the equivalent English letters.
upper case lower case
Α,α - (Αλφα - Alpha) vowel
A α
"father" - "academy" - "rat" "act" - "bark" - "archaic"
Under no circumstances a Greek symbol will ever change its pronunciation sound

The vowel «A» is the simplest human voice, a newborn will say A!!, as he grows older
will say TA!! or MA!! and MA-MA=mother, ΠA!! or Πα-Πα=father, Λα-Λα=his first song,
TA-TA-TA=using a toy hammer. The best way to read a Greek word is to brake it in
syllables ΑΝ-ΘΡΩ-ΠΟΣ =human, ΑΡ-ΧΗ=beginning, Α-Ε-ΡΟ-ΠΛΑ-ΝΟ=airplane, ΝΕ-
ΡΟ=water
 43

Every European country is using today at least 5.000 ancient Greek

words used as seedlings to create other new words, the English are
using 8.000 words, plus other European and non European coun-
tries. Below is few examples from Greek to English.

From the book: ΛΕΞΙΚΟΝ ΔΙΕΘΝΩΝ ΛΕΞΕΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΟΜΗΡΟΥ

DICTIONARY OF INTERNATIONAL HOMERIC WORDS -
ΚΟΣΤΑΣ ΔΟΥΚΑΣ Εκδόσεις Γεωργιάδη Σόλωνος 114 Αθήναι

Άνθροπος (Anthropos=human)=anthropology, many words begin with an-

throp...
Αγνοέω (agnoeo)=ignorant, ignorance--Άγνωστος (agnostos)=unknown
Αγγός (agos)=angialgia, angiogram, angiostenosis, angioscope, angioma
Αγροιώτης (agriotis)=agriculture, agrobiology, agronomy
Αδάμας (adamas)=diamond--Αήρ (air)=air, aerodrome, aerial, aerostat,
etc, etc
Αίμα (aema=blood)=hemorrage, hematosis, homeopathy
Άκρη (acri)=acrobat, acrophobia, acronym, acroparalysis
Άλλος (allos)=allergy, alloeosis, allogeneous, allomorph
Ανάλυσις (analysis)=analyst, analyze--Άλς (als=salt)=salary=paid in salt,
sale
Άμ (am=an)=anabiosis, anabasis, anacrusis, anacephaleosis, anaglyph,
anastole
Αμφί (amphi)=amphibian, amphiboles, amphimixis, etc, etc
Αμφιλύκη (amphilyki)=look, looker, luminary, luminosity, lygophilia
Άν (an=ana=am)=anesthesia, anandria, anarithmia, analphabet, anarchy
Ανακλίνω (anaclino)=inclination, incline -- Ανακράζω (anacrazo)=cry
Άνεμος (anemos=wind)=anemometer, anemogram--Αρχή (archi)
=architect, etc
Αναλύω (analyo)=analysis, analyze--Αναμάσσω (anamasso)=mass, mas-
sive, etc
Άνθος (anthos)=anthology--Ανιάζω (aniazo)=nuisance, annoying, annoy-
ance
Αντί (anti)=antichrist, antiballistic, anticenter, antiphrasis, antidote, etc,
etc, etc
Άνοστος (anostos)=nostalgia, nostalgic-- Ανώνυμος (anonymos)=anonym
Από (apo)=apocalypse, apokleisis, apocrustic, apocrypha, apology, apo-
plexy, etc
Απολιχμάω (apolichmao)=lick -- Αριθμός (arithmos)=arithmetic
Άριστος (aristos)=aristocrat, aristocracy -- Άρκτος (arctos)=arctic
Αρμονίη (armonii)=harmony, harmonica--Άρμα (arma)=armour, army,
arms
Αστήρ (astir)=star, astrology, astronomy, astrophysics, astrodynamics
Άσπερμος (aspermos)=aspermia, sperm, sporogenic, sporocarp, spore
Αυτόματος (aftomatos)=automatic, autonomy, autarchy, autopsy, au-
totelic, etc
Αυτός (aftos)=he, this man -- Αυτή (afti)=she, her -- Αυτό (afto)= it,
this thing

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 44

The bible genesis 17: When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the
Lord appeared to him and said, “I am God Almighty walk before me
faithfully and be blameless. Then I will make my covenant between
me and you and will greatly increase your numbers. Abram fell
facedown, and God said to him, “As for me, this is my covenant
with you: You will be the father of many nations. No longer will you
be called Abram your name will be Abraham, for I have made you a
father of many nations].

from Abram to Abraham? - ΑΒΡΑΜ ΤΟ ΑΒΡΑΑΜ

Abram became reach and famous he had many followers from the sur-
round areas, he began to teach for the new God, the people felt secured
and protected, the tribe grew and Abram thought that this people must
have religious laws, he tells his people that God orders all male to be cir-
cumcised and many more other laws. Abram was pleased that he became
leader. (the second A was promoted after he became leader).

Analyzing or decoding every Greek letter of the word: *

in Greek= A-B-Ρ-A-A-M =Abraham
A= man human
B= order, force, command, way of life
Ρ= orator, speech maker, to direct, show the way
A= leader, first man, governor
A= for the people
M= motherhood protection, teach new laws
the second A was promoted after he became leader.

* my suggested decipherment

According to the book of professor

JOSEPH YAHUDA Hebrew is Greek,

«what I want to prove is an unsus-

pected and forgotten branch of Greek
literature: the Hebrew Bible.»

www.stipsi.gr/hebrew
 45

[Actually, the whole complex is consistent and only consistent with two
propositions, that is: that biblical Hebrew is Greek, and that the Hebrews
were Asiatic Greeks. In fact, the outcome of my laborious, extensive and
elaborate research may be summed up in a brief sentence: Hebrew is
Greek with a mask on.» «what I want to prove is an unsuspected and for-
gotten branch of Greek literature: the Hebrew Bible»
Yahundas research: It emerges from his vast and meticulous philologi-
cal research: that the holders were of Hellenic descent and that the Arabs
were of Hittite (Skythian) origin; that they were both intimately related to
the Greeks by religion and custom; that the traditional segregation of the
INDO-EUROPEAN from the so-called Semitic languages is baseless.]

HEBREW is a Greek word ΕΒΡΕΟΙ=EBREW (=widespread people,

εύρος=euros=wide) [example HELLAS = ELLAS=ΕΛΛΑΣ]

The two rivers with Greek names in the bible

Tigris and Euphrates are the 2 rivers written in the bible, evidence that the
Greek language existed before the bible have written. (Tigris=tiger=τίγρης
in Greek, Euphrates=fertile=Ευφράτης in Greek) The bible genesis 2: Now
the Lord God had planted a garden in the east, in Eden; and there he put
the man he had formed. The Lord God made all kinds of trees grow out of
the ground—trees that were pleasing to the eye and good for food. In the
middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of
good and evil. A river watering the garden flowed from Eden; from there it
was separated into four headwaters. The name of the first is the Pishon; it
winds through the entire land of Havilah, where there is gold. (The gold of
that land is good; aromatic resin and onyx are also there.) The name of the
second river is the Gihon; it winds through the entire land of Cush.The
name of the third river is the Tigris; it runs along the east side of Ashur.
And the fourth river is the Euphrates.
The two names existed at the time of the beginning of the creation of the bible.
 46

JEWISH VIRTUAL LIBRARY

According to Jewish tradition, Abraham was born under the name Abram in the city
of Ur in Babylonia in the year 1948 from Creation (circa 1800 BCE). He was the son
of Terach, an idol merchant, but from his early childhood, he questioned the faith of
his father and sought the truth. He came to believe that the entire universe was the
work of a single Creator, and he began to teach this belief to others.

Abram tried to convince his father, Terach, of the folly of idol worship. One day,
when Abram was left alone to mind the store, he took a hammer and smashed all
of the idols except the largest one. He placed the hammer in the hand of the larg-
est idol. When his father returned and asked what happened, Abram said, "The
idols got into a fight, and the big one smashed all the other ones." His father said,
"Don't be ridiculous. These idols have no life or power. They can't do anything."
Abram replied, "Then why do you worship them?"

Eventually, the one true Creator that Abram had worshipped called to him, and
made him an offer: if Abram would leave his home and his family, then G-d would
make him a great nation and bless him. Abram accepted this offer, and the b'rit
(covenant) between G-d and the Jewish people was established. (Gen. 12).

The idea of b'rit is fundamental to traditional Judaism: we have a covenant, a con-

tract, with G-d, which involves rights and obligations on both sides. We have cer-
tain obligations to G-d, and G-d has certain obligations to us. The terms of this b'rit
became more explicit over time, until the time of the Giving of the Torah. Abram
was subjected to ten tests of faith to prove his worthiness for this covenant. Leav-
ing his home is one of these trials.

Judaism does not prohibit writing the Name of God per se; it prohibits only erasing
or defacing a Name of God. However, observant Jews avoid writing any Name of
God casually because of the risk that the written Name might later be defaced,
obliterated or destroyed accidentally or by one who does not know better. Ob-
servant Jews avoid writing a Name of God on web sites like this one because there
is a risk that someone else will print it out and deface it. To avoid writing the
Name, Orthodox Jews (and sometimes other denominations) substitute letters or
syllables, for example, writing "G-d" instead of "God." This entry was written by an
observant Jew. See also The Name of God.

When Abram was 100 and Sarai 90, G-d promised Abram a son by Sarai. G-d
changed Abram's name to Abraham (father of many), and Sarai's to Sarah (from
"my princess" to "princess"). Sarah bore Abraham a son, Isaac (in Hebrew,
Yitzchak), a name derived from the word "laughter," expressing Abraham's joy at
having a son in his old age. (Gen 17-18). Isaac was the ancestor of the Jewish peo-
ple.

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 47

Consonant
Ββ pronounced as V

= NUMBER 2 = NUMBER 2000

Β: This consonant in sound is related with the strong North wind - «ΒΟ-
ΡΕΑΝ» Βορέαn(vo-rean) ββββ - βουουουουου!!! =(vououou!!!) the North
wind was and is the strongest, Paleolithic Greek hunter and herdsman of
the mountains, gazing trees bending to the North wind, causing frighten-
ing noises «ΒΟΥ (=VOU)» became the word ΒΟΡΙΑΣ(=VORIAS.
In Homer we find the explanation of the word Βοριά «και Βορέης αιθρη-
γενέτης μέγα κύμα κυλίνδων» (Οδύσ. Ε 296). The wind is causing
big cylindrical waves to the sea. The bending branches of trees on
strong north winds will give the same description.

From Βουουου!!! (=Vououou!!!)

emerge the word «ΒΟΡΙΑΣ - Βορέ-
ας» (vorias).
BO=strong+REAN=run=(STRONG-
RUNING-WIND)
Related words: BOH (=voe =roar,
yell, cry ), ΒΟΜΒΑ (=bomb), Βαδίζω
=walk by force, ΒΙΑ (=violence), all
words with force and with frighten-
ing sounds.
Cylindrical waves

[If «B» in Phoenician meaning house then every word that in-
cludes that symbol, will lose it's meaning and the entire Greek lan-
guage will be meaningless].

The North Wind and the Sun is a fable at-

tributed to Aesop. The story concerns a com-
petition between the North Wind and the
Sun to decide who was the stronger of the
two. The challenge was set to make a passing
traveler uncloak. However hard the North
Wind blew at the traveler, the traveler only
wrapped himself tighter. But when the Sun
shone with warmth, the traveler was over-
come with heat and had to take his cloak off.
The moral was stated at the end of the fable
as: Persuasion is better than force. The com-
plete moral of this is "Kindness, gentleness,
and persuasion win where force fails."
 48

Meaningful extensions: Code meaning:

force, war, fire, agitation ΒΙΑ (=violence), BOH (=voe =roar

Βαρύς =(heavy), βία σωματική ισχύς ρόμη =(force body strength), βου-
λεύω= σκεπτομαι προς λήψιν μετρων αποφασιζω =(I’m thinking of taking
serious actions)

Latin B to Greeks is ΜΠ (ΜΠΑΛΑ = BALL

Β,β - (Βήτα - Bẽta)=V

Upper case Β =V Lower case β =v
Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced different-
ly from the equivalent English letters.

"vase" - "voice" - "vessel" "verify" - "valiant" -

"vet"
Few words of symbol B Greek to English

Βάλλω (valo)=ball, ballistic--Βάπτω (vapto)=baptize,--Βάθος (vathos)

=bath
Βάρος (varos)=barometer, baroscope, --Βασσιλεύς (vassilefs)=basilica,
Basil
Βέλος (velos)=velocity--Βίη (vii)=violate, violence--Βοτάνη (votani)
=botany
Βούλομαι (voulomae)=voluntarity, voluntary, volunteer--Βούς (vous)
=beef
Βραχίων (vrachion)=brace, — Βίος (vios), vitiate, vivacity — Βολή (voli)
Volatile, volley
Βοτάνη (votani) botanic, botany, — Βούς (vous) beef, — βιολογία
(viologia), biology

Βάπτω (vapto)=baptize to sink, I’m sinking, (βαπτίζω)

baptize to sink one or something completely in the water. (if the object is
not covered completely in the water is not a baptism)
(Greek Dictionary L & S)

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 49

Consonant
Γγ gamma

=NUMBER 3

Γ: The carving and scratching tool, the sound of scraping (Γ,Γ,Γ,Γ -

Γα,Γα,Γα).
Γράφω-grapho (=write) - (I am writing mainly on a rock or on hard
ground).
Carvings and diggings on the ground by animals or man = Γά - Γή - Γαί-
αν (Earth).
Also the instrument for measuring angles to give shape to a Stone-
wood, emerges the word ΓΟΝΙΑ =ANGLE, CORNER
The description of the female human «ΓΥΝΑ» Γυναίκα (woman) takes
the name from the act of sex
what the male human causes pregnancy to a female.

Woman:
Γ-Υ-Ν-Α = Γ=impenetrate, Υ=wet-sperm-moist womb, Ν=new
life, A=human
Related words: ΓΕΝΝΑ =genesis (giving birth), genitals, ΓΕΝΟΣ
(genocide), ΓΟΝΙΟΣ (=parent),
ΓΩΝΙΑ (=angle), ΓΑΜΟΣ (GAMOS=marriage), ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΙΚΗ
(=grammar),
photograph, glyptography, glyph, ΓΛΥΦΩ (=to carve a rock or
marble). ΓΗ= earth to cultivate
Meaningful extensions:
Code meaning:
ΓΑΙΑ (=EARTH)
write, give birth, dig, scratch,
Χαράσσειν (=carving), angle, ΓΥΝΑ
the act of sex
Γυναίκα (woman)
ΓΕΩΡΓΟΣ (=farmer)
Paleolithic Tools:
Flintstone scraper
and spearhead
Found in Thessaly
Greece
Ageing from
100.000 to 40.000
years old

in Phoenician Γ is Camel

Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced differently from
the equivalent English letters.
 50
home

upper case lower case

Γ,γ - (Γάμμα - Gamma)
Γ γ
"wood" - "woman" - "yell" "yes" - "wolf"
- "worry"
Few words of symbol Γ from Greek to English

Γαία (gaea=earth)=geography, geology, geometry, geothermic, plus many

more
Γάλα (gala=milk)=lactic--Γάμος (gamos)=monogamous, polygamy, gal-
axy, galactic
Γάστρη (gastri)=gastric, gastroenteric, gastrectomy, plus many more
Γενεή (genei)=generic, generator, genetics, genital, generous, genious,
etc, etc.
Γέρων (geron)=geriatrics, gerontology-- Γίγας (gigas)=giant, gigawatt,
gigabyte
Γιγνώσκω (gignosco)=know, knowledge, know-how, plus many more
Γλουτός (gloutos)=glob, global, globular, gluttony--Γλυκύς (glykis)
=glucose, glucaemia
Γλυφίς (glifis)=glyph, glyptic, glyptography
Γλώσσα (glossa=tongue )=glossary, language, glossology
Γνήσιος (gnissios)=genuine--Γόνυ (goni)=knee, kneel
Γυμνός (gymnos)=gym, gymnastics, gymnophobia
Γυνή (gyni=woman)=gynecology, gynecophobia--Γύρος(gyros)
=gyratory=round

Δδ
Consonant Δέλτα— Delta

=NUMBER 4

Δ: Sound and image creates the character symbol. The Paleolithic Greek
hunter and herdsman, is learning from the animals.
ΔΕΣΜΟΣ (=attachment, tie, bond, join) kept tight by the teeth
(expression),
ΔΗΜΟΣ (dimos=municipality) ruled over by the ties of law) Δημοκρατί-
α=Democracy=(ruled by the people). ΔΗΜΟ-
ΤΗΣ=CITIZEN, ΔΕΜΑ =parcel = linear Β
ΔΕΝΤΡΟ=DENTRO=ΔΡΥΣ=TREE the shape of a tree

ΔΟΝΤΙ=DONTI (=TOOTH) the shape of a tooth, Δαμάζω (=tame a

wild animal) animals bite on the neck the female for allegiance on a sex-
ual act).
 51

Cutting a straight brunch from a tree to make a weapon for hunt-

ing and to fight with, or to cut a tree he used a one side sharp
stone tool similar the one that was found in >Σιάτιστα (Siatista
Greece) 15cm. in length and 10cm.wide (museum of Veria north-
ern Greece) and is estimated about 100.000 years old. The noise
it makes a trunk of a cut tree when is rolled down, pulled or
dropped is Δούπ Δούπ Δούπ (dοοp dοοp dοοp) emerges the word
«Δούπος» that Δού became the first name of a cut wood

(HOMER-Οδύσ.Ε 162-164): δού-ρατα = Ξύλα (Ξύλα = Wood). In Homer

the word «Δένδρο» is «Δρύς» (Δένδρο - dendro=Tree) (Δρύς =trees or
drees). «τώ μέν άρα προπάροιθε πυλάων ύψηλλάων έστασαν ώς ότε δρύες
ούρεσιν υψικάρηνοι αϊ τ' άνεμον μίμνουσι και υετόν ήματα πάντα ρίζησιν
μεγάλησι διηνεκέεσσ ' αραρυίαι».
Also dropping a big rock would give a similar Δούπ - doup noise, and waves
of the sea splashing in caves. Related words ΔΥΝΑΜΗ (=dynamics), etc

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

force, trial for justice attachment, hardship, dynamics,
unbending, strength

the Phoenicians had no idea of the meaning of symbol

Δ in Phoenician Δ is Door

upper case lower case

Δ δ
"this" - "there" - "then"
Few words of symbol Δ from Greek to English
Δαίμων (daemon)=demonic--Δαίς (daes)=diet, dietary, dietics
Δέρμα (derma)=derm, dermatitis, dermatology, dermatosclerosis
Δεσπόζω (despozo)=despot, despotic--Δελφίς (delfis)=dolphin
Δήμος (dimos)=democracy--Διά (dia..)=diagnosis, diagram, dialogue, di-
ameter
Διδάσκω (didasco)=didactic--Δίσκος (discos)=disk, discus
Δίχα (dicha)=dichotomy--Δόμος (domos)=dome, domestic, dominant
Δόσις (dosis)=dosage, donation--Δράκων (dracon)=dragon, dracula
Δύναμις (dinamis)=dynamics, dynamometry, dynasty
Δυσ- (dys...)=dyslexia, dysphagia, dysmnesia, etc, etc
Δεσπόζω (despozo), despotic, despotism, — Διά (dia), diabolical, diagno-
sis, diagonal, dialogue, diameter, dialectic, diagram, and many more, —
Δόσις (dosis), dosage, donate,— Δύσ (dys), dyslexia, dysmnesia, dys-
morphia, Δίφρο (difro) different, and many more
 52

GREEK WORDS ΤΟ ENGLISH

Zeus and Hera on

δίφρο=difro (chariot)
δίφρο=difro Δις=dis=
twice, two
Δύο + φέρω (dio +
fero= (describing two
wheel chariot)
Φέρω =accomplish I
succeed , Διαφέρω di-
afero = I’m different),
υποφέρω =I’m holding
on suffering, μεταφέ-
ρω= I move something
from one area to the
other or distributing
news, φορείο= stretch-
er, λεωφορείο=bus
(from Greek to Latin
differre to English dif-
ferent)

dictionary L & S

differential, different
one wheel is static on a
turn of a corner that is
the difference

Ζ= Σ+Δ: ΔΙΑΣ = ZEUS = Δίας =dias=two, duos, double it takes two to

create new life (Zeus and Hera), Διαίρεσης= division, ΔΕΜΑ=DEMA=
wrapped tied parcel,

ΔΕΜΑΤΙ δεμάτι=truss

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 53

Εε
Vowel Έψιλον—epsilon

=NUMBER 5

(From the Phaistos disk with linear A and linear B script)

Also a hand held tool for processing wool

Symbol E is representing ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ (=WORK), Ergonomist, Ergonomic, hu-

man ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑ=energy, and the word (Εγώ =me, myself) egoist, ego-
ism, = selfish). proving a man's ability towards his actions and skill
(therefore letter E represents also man in action).

ΕΓΩ=EGO (ME- I) = Ε=me, Γ=draw a line around me, Ω=placing

my self in the center of the world

The stone age Greek herdsman yelling to his animals Aaε!! Aaε!! = scaring
voice, and calling Έλ, (El) Έλα, έλα, έλα - (Ela) = come, come, they
name them selves, Έλλοπες (hellopeas), Έλλοψ, Σελλός (τΣέλιγκας),
Ελ-λας (hEl-las) - Λας = bright man, Stone-carving technci-
ans Έλληνες (Hellenes).
Related words, Ελαύνης =ωθής (you push), «Ελελίζω» φοβίζω (I cause
scare), (Ελάφι (reindeer) (=scared animal) = φοβισμένο ζώ-
ο). «ελλοχηστής» (ενέδρα) = ambushing), etc.
Greeks never call themselves GREEKS (= ΓΡΑΙΚΟΣ), but «Έλληνες
(Hellenes)» we can analyze and decode the abbreviated meaning of
each symbol character of the word «ΓΡΑΙΚΟΣ»(=GREEK).

«ΓΡΑΙΚΟΣ In 1627 at Paros island was found a plaque with the following
writing, «αφ `ού 'Αμφικτύων ο Δευκαλίωνος εβασίλευσεν εν Θερμο-
πύλαις... βασιλεύοντος Αθηνών Αμφικτύονος... και 'Ελληνες ών ο-
μάσθησαν τό πρότερον ΓΡΑΙΚΟΙ καλούμανοι».
soon after Deucalion's era, Amfiktion king of Athens, the «HELLENES» be-
fore that were called ΓΡΑΙΚΟΙ (GREEKS) and before that selley (=Σελλοί)
Aristotle («Μετεωρολογικά» Α 14) «και γάρ ούτος (ο κατακλυσμός επί
Δευκαλίωνος) περί τόν Ελληνικόν εγένετο μάλιστα τόπον αύτη δ`
εστίν η περί την Δωδώνην και τον Αχελώον ούτος γάρ πολλαχού το
ρέυμα μεταβέβληκεν. Ωίκουν γάρ οι Σελλοί εντάυθα και οι καλούμε-
νοι τότε μέν Γραικοί νύν δ` 'Ελληνες».
and this cataclism at Deucalion's era on the Hellenic region near the land
of Dodone and the river Acheloos there dwell the Σελλοί (After the cata-
clysm (floods) the ΓΡΑΙΚΟΣ (=GREEKS) appeared), but after that they are
named HELLENES.
(King Deucalion's era 3.600 B.C., the) (Selli=early Greeks)
 54

We can analyze and decode the abbreviated meaning of each symbol char-
acter Γ Ρ Α Ι Κ Ο Σ.
Γ = Scrubbing, cleaning, digging, furrow, notch in the mud),
Ρ(=R) = run, aiming to a specific direction searching),
Α = man),
Ι = weak, ill, scary, unsupported),
Κ = Circling the area searching sorting personal objects),
Ο = at his property, home),
Σ = repetitively
With this result we find that ΓΡΑΙΚΟΣ=GREEK means, flood victims,
or people regularly occupied with the over flooding Acheloos river.
The name Grajus =Greek was given by the Romans after they con-
quered Greece(=Hellas), perhaps it was difficult for them to say Hellenes or
Hellas and easier to say Grajus = Greek.

Paleolithic and Ancient Greeks had many names:

Pelasgi= pelago (near the sea), hElopes (herdsmen), Sellee, finally
Hellenes.
Local regional names of short period: Leleges, Locros, Grekos
(Greek). The name Grajus =(Greek) was given by the Romans after they
concurred Hellas.

——————————————————————————————————————————————————
TheΕ + Λ combination describe human intelligence, Ε= human skill to
master the Λ= tongue, to cultivate words-language, civilization = ΕΛΛΑΣ
(=Hellas). ΛΑΣ=STONE the chisel tool Λ is to give shape to stones for
Building, Therefore we have words: Λας, λαξεύω=give shape to
chisel stones, to build architectural buildings. (look for symbol Λ)

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

«Ε!» calling, redirecting, push- any human activity or work.
ing, haul back ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑ:Energy

Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced differently

from the equivalent English letters.
upper case lower case

Ε ε Ε,ε - (Έψιλον-Epsilon)

"end" - "bend" - "get" - "bead" - "send" -

"red"
 55

Associations of time and place ( in, at, if, as, out, me

From, here, to, there… to push hope to hope dawn

Earth, work, force, Eros=love

 56

Few words of symbol Ε from Greek to English

Έβδομος (hevdomos)=heptachord, heptahedron
Εγκέφαλος (enguefalos)=encephalitis, encephalogram, encephalotomy, etc
Εγκλίνω (enclino)=inclination, incline--Εγώ (ego)=egoist, egocentric, etc
Έδρη (edri)=cathedra, cathedral--Έθνος (ethnos)=ethnic, ethnarch, etc
Έθος (ethos)=ethic, ethology, ethological-Είδωλον (idolon)=idol, idolater
Είκελος (ikelos)=equal, equator, equalize--Έκαστος (ekastos)=each
Έκ (ek=ex)=excavate, exodus, exchange, exoteric, exorcism, etc, etc
Ελαίη (elei)=olive-Έλαιον (eleon)=oil--Έλιξ (elix)=helix, helicopter
Έμβρυον (emvrion)=embryo, embryology, embryography, embryo scope
Έλκος (elcos)=ulcer, ulceration--Εμός (emos)=mine--Εννέα (enea)=nine
Επί (epi)=episode, epiphany, epitaph, epilepsy, epidermis, epiglottis, etc,
etc
Επιδήμιος (epidimios)=epidemic, epidemy, epidemiology - Επιμίξ (epimix)
=mix, mixed
Έπος (epos)=epic, epoch—Επώνυμος (eponymos)=eponym
Ερεείνω (ereϊno)=interrogate--Ερπετον (erpeton)=serpent
Έτυμος (etymos)=etymology, etymologist—- Εσθής (esthis)=vest, investi-
gate
Έτερος (eteros)=heterogametic, heteroerotic, heterogeneous, many more
Έυ (ef)=euesthesia, euge, eugenics, eukinesia, eucarist, eulogia, euphoria
Ευαγγέλιον (evangelion)=evangel, evangelical
Ευγενής (evgenis)=eugenics--Ευρώπη (Evropi)=Europa, Europe
Εφέστιος (efestios)=festival, festive
Έραμαι (eramae)=Eros, eroticism, etc

home

The Phaistos Disc (also spelled Phaistos Disk,

Phaestos Disc) is a disk of fired clay from the Minoan
palace of Phaistos on the Greek island of Crete, possi-
bly dating to the middle or late Minoan Bronze Age
(2nd millennium BC). It is about 15 cm (5.9 in) in di-
ameter and covered on both sides with a spiral of
stamped symbols. Its purpose and meaning, and
even its original geographical place of manufacture, remain disputed, mak-
ing it one of the most famous mysteries of archaeology. This unique object
is now on display at the archaeological museum of Heraklion. The disc was
discovered in 1908 by the Italian archaeologist Luigi Pernier in the Minoan
palace-site of Phaistos, and features 241 tokens, comprising 45 unique
signs, which were apparently made by pressing hieroglyphic "seals" into a
disc of soft clay, in a clockwise sequence spiraling toward the disc's center.
 57

The Phaistos Disc captured the imagination of amateur and professional

archeologists, and many attempts have been made to decipher the code
behind the disc's signs. While it is not clear that it is a script, most at-
tempted decipherments assume that it is; most additionally assume a syl-
labary, others an alphabet or logography. Attempts at decipherment are
generally thought to be unlikely to succeed unless more examples of the
signs are found, as it is generally agreed that there is not enough context
available for a meaningful analysis.

2 sides of
same disk

Sprig Autumn
Sumer Winter

Let’s try to decipher the disk, in my opinion I think this is a 2 different cal-
endars a moon calendar and a month calendar.
[In the spiral section one side is 18 weeks Spring-Summer and the
other side is 18 weeks for Autumn-Winter]
1) the central spiral sectors of both sides are 18 + 18 sectors total 36 sec-
tors (weeks). In ancient Greece they had 10 day weeks therefore 36 weeks
multiplied by 10 days=360 days per year, five days less from our calendar,
very close estimation!.
2) the outer circle of both disks is a moon calendar of 25 sectors one side
has 12 sectors and the other 13 (12+13=25), a moon circle is made up of
abut 28 days that equals 343 moon days (343 divided with 12 months
equals 28,58 days a fraction over the 28 day per moon month).
Question?: why 25 sectors and not 12,1/2?.
The moon has 14 days to full and 14 days to empty, Greek farmers from
ancient times are very cautious on those days, they avoid many tasks when
the moon is filling up, and also 14 days when is empting,
(therefore the moon calendar is for the farmers and seamen).
The symbols advising people when and what kind of work to accomplish, according
 58

the symbols of the calendar. They were not allowed to prune the vines on the first
14 days of the filling moon, graft a plant when the moon is filling up and the waters
from the roots of the tree will rise up to make the graft grow, never go fishing on
moonlight.

HESIOD’S WORKS AND DAYS translated by Evelyn-White (Internet)

Ancient authors credited him and Homer with establishing Greek religious customs.

Part of the 828 paragraphs, revealing the way of living at 8th century BC.

(ll. 1-10) Muses of Pieria who give glory through song, come hither, tell of Zeus
your father and chant his praise. Through him mortal men are famed or un-famed,
sung or unsung alike, as great Zeus wills. (ll. 309-319) Through work men grow
rich in flocks and substance, and working they are much better loved by the immor-
tals. Work is no disgrace: it is idleness which is a disgrace. But if you work, the idle
will soon envy you as you grow rich, for fame and renown attend on wealth. And
whatever be your lot, work is best for you, if you turn your misguided mind away
from other men's property to your work and attend to your livelihood as I bid you.
An evil shame is the needy man's companion, shame which both greatly harms and
prospers men: shame is with poverty, but confidence with wealth. (ll. 383-404)
When the Pleiades, daughters of Atlas, are rising, begin your harvest, and your
ploughing when they are going to set. Forty nights and days they are hidden and
appear again as the year moves round, when first you sharpen your sickle. This is
the law of the plains, and of those who live near the sea, and who inhabit rich coun-
try, the glens and dingles far from the tossing sea, -- strip to sow and strip to
plough and strip to reap, if you wish to get in all Demeter's fruits in due season, and
that each kind may grow in its season. (ll. 448-457) Mark, when you hear the
voice of the crane who cries year by year from the clouds above, for she give the
signal for ploughing and shows the season of rainy winter; but she vexes the heart
of the man who has no oxen. Then is the time to feed up your horned oxen in the
byre; for it is easy to say: `Give me a yoke of oxen and a wagon,' and it is easy to
refuse: `I have work for my oxen.' The man who is rich in fancy thinks his wagon as
good as built already -- the fool! He does not know that there are a hundred timbers
to a wagon. Take care to lay these up beforehand at home. (ll. 564-570) When
Zeus has finished sixty wintry days after the solstice, then the star Arcturus leaves
the holy stream of Ocean and first rises brilliant at dusk. After him the shrilly wailing
daughter of Pandion, the swallow, appears to men when spring is just beginning.
Before she comes, prune the vines, for it is best so. (ll. 597-608) Set your slaves
to winnow Demeter's holy grain, when strong Orion first appears, on a smooth
threshing-floor in an airy place. Then measure it and store it in jars. And so soon as
you have safely stored all your stuff indoors, I bid you put your bondman out of
doors and look out for a servant-girl with no children; -- for a servant with a child to
nurse is troublesome. And look after the dog with jagged teeth; do not grudge him
his food, or some time the Day-sleeper may take your stuff. Bring in fodder and
litter so as to have enough for your oxen and mules. After that, let your men rest
their poor knees and unyoke your pair of oxen.
 59

(ll. 609-617) But when Orion and Sirius are come into mid-heaven, and rosy-
fingered Dawn sees Arcturus, then cut off all the grape-clusters, Perses, and bring
them home. Show them to the sun ten days and ten nights: then cover them
over for five, and on the sixth day draw off into vessels the gifts of joyful Dionysus.
But when the Pleiades and Hyades and strong Orion begin to set, then remember to
plough in season: and so the completed year will fitly pass beneath the earth.
(ll. 618-640) But if desire for uncomfortable sea-faring seize you; when the Pleia-
des plunge into the misty sea to escape Orion's rude strength, then truly gales of all
kinds rage. Then keep ships no longer on the sparkling sea, but bethink you to till
the land as I bid you. Haul up your ship upon the land and pack it closely with
stones all round to keep off the power of the winds which blow damply, and draw
out the bilge-plug so that the rain of heaven may not rot it. Put away all the tackle
and fittings in your house, and stow the wings of the sea-going ship neatly, and
hang up the well-shaped rudder over the smoke. You yourself wait until the season
for sailing is come, and then haul your swift ship down to the sea and stow a con-
venient cargo in it, so that you may bring home profit,
(ll. 769-768) For these are days which come from Zeus the all-wise, when men
discern aright.
(ll. 695-705) Bring home a wife to your house when you are of the right age,
while you are not far short of thirty years nor much above; this is the right age for
marriage. Let your wife have been grown up four years, and marry her in the fifth.
Marry a maiden, so that you can teach her careful ways, and especially marry one
who lives near you, but look well about you and see that your marriage will not be a
joke to your neighbors. For a man wins nothing better than a good wife, and, again,
nothing worse than a bad one, a greedy soul who roasts her man without fire,
strong though he may be, and brings him to a raw old age.
(ll. 706-714) Be careful to avoid the anger of the deathless gods. Do not make a
friend equal to a brother; but if you do, do not wrong him first, and do not lie to
please the tongue. But if he wrongs you first, offending either in word or in deed,
remember to repay him double; but if he ask you to be his friend again and be
ready to give you satisfaction, welcome him. He is a worthless man who makes now
one and now another his friend; but as for you, do not let your face put your heart
to shame.
(ll. 770-779) To begin with, the first, the fourth, and the seventh -- on which Leto
bare Apollo with the blade of gold -- each is a holy day. The eighth and the ninth,
two days at least of the waxing month, are specially good for the works of man.
Also the eleventh and twelfth are both excellent, alike for shearing sheep and for
reaping the kindly fruits; but the twelfth is much better than the eleventh, for on it
the airy-swinging spider spins its web in full day, and then the Wise One, gathers
her pile. On that day woman should set up her loom and get forward with her work.
(ll. 814-818) Again, few know that the twenty-seventh of the month is best for
opening a wine-jar, and putting yokes on the necks of oxen and mules and swift-
footed horses, and for hauling a swift ship of many thwarts down to the sparkling
sea; few call it by its right name.

home
 60

Ζζ
Consonant Ζ Ζ,ζ - (Ζήτα -
dzèta) dz

=NUMBER 7

Z: = Σ+Δ a combination of two characters.The Greek hunter, herdsman

and finally the earth cultivator, placing the long wood that joins two oxen
from the neck, yoke two oxen to plough a field, it gives an uneven result
because always one ox
is stately ahead from
the other giving the
shape of Z.
In sound, throwing
water to fire will give
the sound zzzzz, frying
(Archaic Greek angiography museum of Louvre) sizzling food, and
many other.
Related words: Ζεύξης =(yoke) joining for strength, ζεστός (hot),
ζυγά (a pair joint together).

Zeus also named ΔΙΑΣ (DIAS) meaning two or double,

pair, duo because it takes two to create a new life

(Zeus was father of the rest of the Gods, and demi-

gods, Hera his wife)

Ζεύς= Zeus - ζεύξης

(=join with a goddess, or
woman, to produce birth
to other Gods and hu-
mans) His weapon is the
thunderbolt (the sound
of the lightening is a siz-
zling =zzzzz)sound

«Ζυγαριά - Ζυγός (=Libra»

scales are also uneven given
the shape of Z.

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

Σύνδεσις Δυνάμεων - Ζεύξις to join, hold together, compose
(=joining for strength),
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Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced differently

from the equivalent English letters.

Ζ Ζ,ζ - (Ζήτα - dzèta) dz

"zebra" - "Zeus" - "zigzag"

Few words of symbol Ζ from Greek to English
Ζέφυρος (zefiros)=zephyr, Zephyrus--Ζηλόω (ziloo)=zealot, zealous, jeal-
ous
Ζυγόν (zygon)=zygodactil, zygosis, zygotaxy--Ζώνη (zoni)=zone, zonal,
zonary
Ζώω (zoo)=zoo, zoology, zoobiology, zoometric, zoomorphic, zoopatholo-
gy,etc

Vowel
Ηη Ήτα – eata

=NUMBER 8

Η: In sound phonetically is the same as (H, I, Y) but it differs in mean-

ing, example the symbol Y represents the cup to carry water, and letter I
is representing fine, slim, narrow objects.

According to Plato, letter H (etta) is considered as majestic, words Ήλιος

= Helios (=sun), Ήρα (=Goddess Hera), Ηρακλής (=Hercules). In
many ancient Greek dialects Η (etta) has replaced letters A and E (αμέρα
to ημέρα (day), (ήβη to ήβα and άβα = adolescence), (ηχή to αχά (=sound
of many voices). H (=etta) is also the feminine gender.

ΗΛΙΚΙΑ - HELIKIA (=AGE) - (ΗΛΙ=SUN) + (KΥA=CIRCLES) = how

many circles round the Sun)

ΑΓΟΡΑΣ ΗΟΡΟΣ = Αγοράς Όρος

The H=ήτα, is placed in front of

Όρος =Ηόρος providing the coars-
ening of the voice example:
ΕΛΛΑΣ = =H
HELLAS,
This character
ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ =
HISTORY
Code meaning: Meaningful ex- Meaningful extensions:
tensions: Ήλιος (helios-Sun), Ημέρα =(day),
Φωτεινότης (brightness), merit Ήλεκτρον (Electron)
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Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced differently

from the equivalent English letters.

upper case lower case

Η
Η,η - (Ήτα - êtta) ê
(long) η
"heel" - "wheel" - "breed" - "beetle" -
"sweet " - "feet" "eat"
Few words of symbol Η from Greek to English

Ηέλιος (ielios)=Helios, heliography, heliometer, heliotherapy, heliolatry,

Ήλεκτρον (ilectron)=electricity, electrolysis, electrology, and many more

Ημί (imi=hemi)=hemiablepsia, hemimetabolism, hemiplegie, hemisphere
Ήρως (iros)=hero, heroic, heroism
Ηχέω (icheo)=echo, echometer, echopathy, echotherapy

Θθ
Consonant Θ,θ - (Θήτα - Thêta)

=NUMBER 9

Θ: Is the symbol that describe the surrounding area with man in the cen-
ter, also the horizon (mountain) where man is at the top observing the sur-
roundings with human understanding, a man gazing from high for an ani-
mal to hunt the animal is a θήραμα=thirama, and the hunter θηρευ-
τής=thireutis. (From the Greek (threat=fear)

(Θεός θεώμαι=spectator, viewer) is what we see and understand as hu-

mans).

The Paleolithic Greek hunter and herdsman in view that, man is the only
ruler on Earth named them selves Θεοί=Gods,
(there is a different philosophy between the Greek God or Gods
and the Hebrew God, the philosophy of the Greek Gods is what they
can provide on earth for the people, to introduce human intelli-
gence, justice, technology, and democracy).
The word ΘΑΩ-THAO (=Θεός=God) the newborn admiring the breast of
his mother for his survival is his first God), ΘΑΩ meaning man with broad
vision and mind, to see and to understand, therefore God is the human
intelligence and with knowledge, humans can reach the god like.
 63

Visually: Θ= is the human eye of intelligence.

Θ In archeological findings the same symbol as and

often as a wheel.

This terracotta 50cm in height was found in Thessaly

Greece, describing a thinking man
(Athens, national archeological museum)

The symbol «Θ» also represents the female breast θηλή

(=thilli=nipple) the word θήλυ (=feminine gender ), θηλάζω
(=breastfed) θήραμα=thirama=hunting-game, θηλιά=thelia=loop, snare
for capturing) etc. In sound: the Paleolithic Greek hunter moving with care
in the thick bushes hidden, he makes very little noises θθsθθs(=ths ths
ths) therefore words θόρυβος=thorivos=soft-sounds),
θαμνος=thamnos=bush), θέρος=theros=harvest, the soft noise between
the plants. The symbol «Θ» not included in the European (Latin) Alphabet
because most of European countries don't pronounce or is not in their vo-
cabulary system, the word Αθήνα (=Athena) is Atina to Italians, μυθολο-
γία (mithologia=mifologia), the Russians ΑΘΗΝΑ (=AFINA),. The English
are the only ones to be proud of to use it but because the symbol is not
included in the Alphabet are forced to use th as alternative. They say «No
word beginning or include Θ =TH is of Latin origin». More words:
theatre, theme, theory, therapeutic, thermometre, thesis, thorax, throne, threnody,
theology, theogony, theorgy, theocracy, thesaurus, thanatos, thaumaturgy, thes-
pesian. thrombosis, anthrax, think, thank,

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

ΘΑΩ (Browser, Θαυμάζω ΘΕΩΡΙΑ (=theory)
=admire) ΘΕΣΗΣ (=thesis)
ΘΕΟΛΟΓΙΑ (=theology)
Θεός-GOD= (=meaning broad vi- ΘΗΡΑΜΑ (thirama=hunting-game)
sion and mind, the intelligent) ΘΕΑΤΡΟ (=theatre)
Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced differently
from the equivalent English letters.

upper case lower case

Θ =TH θ Θ,θ - (Θήτα - Thêta)

"thick" - "pathetic" - "thin" - "path" - "Athens" -

"death"
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Few words of symbol Θ from Greek to English

Θάλαμος (thalamos)=thalamus--Θάλασσα (thalassa=sea)=thalassanemia
Θάομαι (thaome)=theater, theatrical, theamatic, theatrics
Θαυμάζω (thavma)=thaumaturgy, thaumatolatry
Θείος (theios)=theism, theistic, atheist, polytheism
Θεός (theos=God)=theology, theolatry, theosophy, etc, etc
Θεραπεύω (therapevo)=therapy, therapist, therapeutically, therapeutist
Θερμαίνω (thermaeno)=thermal, thermometer, thermodynamics,plus
many more
Θηρίον (thirion=beast)=therianthropic, theriodic, theriomorphy, theriat-
rics
Θρίξ (thrix=hair)=trichatrophia, trichogen, trichiasis, trichophytosis, tricho-
sis
Θρόνος (thronos)=throne--Θυμός (thymos)=thymus, thymocentric
Θύρη (thyri)=thyrocarditis, thyrogenic, thymopathy, thyroid, thyroidecto-
my
Θώρηξ (thorix(=thorax, thoracotomy, thoracic, thoracoscope

"ONLY GREEKS HAVE ΘΕΟΙ=GODS?"

(It is highly misunderstood the differ-
ence from god to Θεός-theos)
ΘΕΟΣ Theism=browse and admire, vis-
uals, color, nature, architecture, smell,
touch, feel, compare, and to think, this
emerged the inspiration to study how
to plant seeds to nurse them and har-
vest them, the success of this tech-
nique give the people happiness and
joy and the need to create the 4 sea-
sons of the year, many festivals and
celebrations to occur, because all of
that came from earth, they named it mother earth, ΓΗ= EARTH,
The knowledge of sowing seeds is ΜΗΤΟΡ=MOTHER =ΔΗ-ΜΗΤΡΑ, visually
all of that was put on marble for the
the beginning of civilization
people to make offerings as gratitude
to this Goddess, Demeter=Ceres (Latin), similar ideas to create other
Greek Gods=Θεοί.
God Ερμής—Hermes Mercury (Latin) the need for people to
communicate and to send messages and exchange goods espe-
cially today the post the internet the telephone the transport
and much more, we also put this idea on marble to see and re-
member and be grateful for his services.

Every civilized human is worshiping the Greek Gods without knowing it,
they are immortals because their obligations are to serve mankind for
ever. Greeks are not idol believers but idea believers
 65

(Jehovah Allah and Christian God are invisible with no human senses, peo-
ple are not allowed to think or to create because God takes care all things.
Greeks believed that Θεοί-gods never created the world but advise
people to study and examine things and became intelligent under
the bright light sun. (Θεός-god Apollo was god of light not god of
the sun). There was no belief amongst the ancient Greeks of an evil deity,
their belief was that the 'evil' existed only within one's soul and through
self-exploration and self-awareness it could be overcome and expelled from
within. This is why no evidence of statues and images of a 'devil' have ever
been recovered

(the Greek word Διαβάλω=diabolo it doesn't mean devil) it means calumni-

ate, defame, slander, jealous).

[conclusion: ΘΕΟΣ=GREEK GOD = What I see, feel, touch, smell,

understand create] words: theater, theatrical, theamatic, theatrics,
Θαυμάζω (thavma)=thaumaturgy, thaumatolatry, admire, θαύμα=miracle

The word:
ΘΕΙΟΣ =ΤΗΕΙΟΣ) =
Godlike man, ΘΕΙΑ (THEIA
=Goddess-like woman, in
Greek logic younger peo-
ple honor older people by
naming them ΘΕΙΟΣ
(ΤΗΕΙΟΣ) God-like, The
philosophy is that older
people felt responsible
and their duty was to care
and teach and give advice
not only good manners
but all kinds of knowledge
to the young, on the other
hand children felt grateful and honor them by name them as God-like man
or woman, today the word means uncle or aunt and very few people re-
alize the originality of the word God-like=θείος.
In Homer we find the word, Achilles calling Odysseus θείε Οδυσσέα God-
like Odysseus, and also we find words θεϊκός Αγαμέμνων, God-like Aga-
memnon, etcetera.

Dictionary L & S
 66

Greek English Theological catalogue

orthodox canon archpriest minister demonism
evangelical theodicy bishop procathedral demonolatry
theosophy presbyterian- patriarch naos diabolism
ism
morthodox pope pantheon ophiolatry
canonist
bibliolater archbishop synagogne dentrolatry
gnosticism
theism ecclesiarch crypt zoolatry
catholic
heterodox clergy martyr fanatic
eschatology
ecclesiology exorcist prothesis mystic
anthroposo-
ditheism phy catechism babitstery genealogy
heresy episcopal presbytery epistle elm
hagiography church monastic corona paralytic
detherstic palingenesis coenobite apotheosis parabole
heretic methodist enthusiast hierolatry agony
hagiology schismatic neophyt liturgy agora
monolatry episcopalian- scholastic antiphony agrapha
ism
heresiarch monk carol alpha-omega
monophysit-
ontology ism monkery doxology diatheke
monotheism mystic monkhood psalm pantokrator
anathema apostolic monastery psalmody Theos
church
agiophobia monasticism hymn Angels
polytheistic
polytheism monachism epiphany Genesis
pentecostal
doctrine skete resper exodus
protestant
christianity curacy/ eucharist deuteronomy
theocentric curator
theanthro- eulogy Apocalypse
pism patristic title
kyrie eleison apostle
dogmatist babtism abbot
mystery apocrypha
christendom charismatic archdeacon-
ate christening praxis
theogony heretic
eparchy holocaust apostasy
apologist ecumenical
metropolitan heliolatry antichrist
soteriology gnostic
cathedral idolism Andrew
pantheism deacon
basilica
deaconate
mystagogne
archdeacon

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 67

Mycenaean and Minoan symbol meaning wheel

Cart:
Prehistoric rock
drawing
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The 12 immortals continuing to govern humans today

At Paleolithic age humans as food gatherers and hunters, and at the first
stages of their gradual evolution, the environmental changes played a ma-
jor role in their every day life, living its marks in the Greek mythology.
Myths emerged from old stone age Ellopas (Hellenes = Greeks) hunters
and herdsmen, descendants of Homo Sapiens, with possibly a small influ-
ence of Neanderthals, at that time religion starting to emerge.

Example1: Greek word 'ΑΙΣΑ'(=Aesa) = ίσος - ισότιτα (meaning equal -

all people are equal), therefore goddess Αίσα was created, at very early
ancient Greek times.
* Example2: 'ΘΕΜΙΣ' = θεσμός - (Themis) meaning (ties of law, justice -
principles of justice) therefore Θέμις goddess of law and justice.
* Example3: 'ΓΗ ΜΗΤΕΡΑ' later (=Δή-μητρα)=(Demeter) meaning
(Γή=Earth + μητέρα=mother = mother earth) therefore Δήμητρα god-
dess of agriculture.
At first unwritten law (social mores, customary law, self Consciousness,
human dignity and respect), was passed from generation to generation to
the people. The first written law was at Sparta by Lycurgus (Λυκούργος)
850 - 800 B.C. and at Athens by Solon (Σόλων) 590 B.C..

«Romans adopted these laws from the Greeks [According to evidence of

Titus Livius, Roman historian (59 BC - 17 AD) that the Roman law is a
copy of the Greek law from Sparta and Athens].
[U.S. of America adopting the Greek law. «Discrimination:.... The Civil
Rights Acts passed by the U.S. Congress].»
Gods resemble human behavior, other times having improper desires, and
quarrels but no human judgment could pass on them. Law was adjusted
for the people paradigmatically. Romans adopted the same Laws and reli-
gion from the Greeks but applied different names to the Gods.

At first the not so friendly to man Titans, because of the suffering, people
considered as punishment from the Gods, the floods but also the earth-
quakes with 20 volcanoes in the area.
The first 6 Gods starting to emerge, their presence are concerning the
connection to this environmental changes. The firstborn Poseidon, -
Hades (=Pluto), - Demeter, - Hera, - Hestia, and last Zeus.

The Gods are named immortals, the true story is as you will notice reading
this book, that each God is serving mankind and will continue to serve man-
kind forever.
 69

How Zeus became chief of Gods:

Poseidon God of waters the seas and earthquakes was their chief God at
that time. As time went on weather conditions became normal, people be-
gan to forget the past, God Poseidon didn't play important role to their
lives any longer. People starting to create communities, the need of justice
and laws gave Zeus the leadership, Demeter Goddess of agriculture, Hestia
Goddess of the household, Ades God of the dead, Hera Zeus wife to create
the rest of the Gods. Greeks created 12 Gods (6 Gods and 6 goddesses
equal apportionment) of Olympus (=havens) just and wise. Each God had
a duty to serve mankind, a «ministry». Amongst the 12 gods were many
smaller gods. Every task was introduced with high respect as a law and to
worship, for this each God was created.

ZEUS: Superior universal ruler and creator, pre cataclys-

mic human civilization. His «marriage» with «ΘΕΜΙΣ»,
«ΜΗΙΤΙΝ», «ΕΥΡΥΝΟΜΗΝ», and «ΜΝΗΜΟΣΥΝΗΝ», mean-
ing human ties, logic, influential acceptation of justice,
spreading happiness and prosperity to the people.
And to remember of the catastrophic floods covering the
past with mud. (Zeus is the only God who give emer-
gence to human substance)

Zeus:(Jupiter) Father of Gods and Mankind

He is lord of the sky, and god of rain. His weapon is the thunderbolt which
he hurls at those who displease him. He is married to Hera but, is famous
for his many affairs. He is also known to punish those that lie or break
oaths. Zeus made war and overthrew his Father Cronus. He then drew lots
with his brothers Hades and Poseidon . Zeus won the draw and became the
supreme ruler of the gods. Zeus also known as the phyloxenous (φιλόξενος
=hospitable) God, treating well foreigners, merchants, and making friend-
ships, (Foreign affairs, tourism) often was dressed with rags knocking on
people’s doors for a piece of bread those who would not accept him would
punish. Zeus also known as God of oaths almost all trades take an oath.

The word «Ζεύς» - Zeus - ζεύξης (=join with a goddess, or woman,

to create other Gods and humans) look for the symbol Z

Ares: (Mars) He is the god of war.

Ares Is the son of Zeus and Hera. He was disliked by both parents. He is
considered murderous and bloodstained but, also a coward. When caught
in an act of adultery with Aphrodite (Venus) her husband Hephaestus is
able publicly ridicule him.
 70

Hestia: (Vesta) She is the Goddess of the Hearth, the sym-

bol of the house around which a new born child is carried be-
fore it is received into the family. Hestia is Zeus sister. She is
a virgin goddess. She does not have a distinct personality.
She plays no part in myths. Each city had a public hearth sa-
cred to Hestia, where the fire was never allowed to go out.

Hera: (Juno) Is the protector of marriage and takes spe-

cial care of married women. Hera, the Greek goddess
called the Queen of Heaven, was a powerful queen in her
own right, long before her marriage to Zeus, the mighty
king of the Olympian gods. The goddess Hera ruled over
the heavens and the earth, responsible for every aspect
of existence, including the seasons and the weather. She
had a specific role as the goddess of marriage and mater-
nity, and represented an idealized view of woman. Her
bird is the peacock.

Athena: (Minerva) Is the embodiment of wisdom, reason,

and purity. (Education) She is the daughter of Zeus. She
sprang full grown in armor from his forehead, thus has no
mother. She is fierce and brave in battle but, only fights to
protect the state and home from outside enemies. She is
the goddess of the city, handicrafts, and agriculture. She
invented the bridle, which permitted man to tame horses,
the trumpet, the flute, the pot, the rake, the plow, the yoke,
the ship, and the chariot. She was Zeus's favorite child and
was allowed to use his weapons including his thunderbolt.
Her favorite city is Athens. Her tree is the olive. The owl is
her bird. She is a virgin goddess.

Poseidon: (Neptune) lord of the sea. Poseidon is

the brother of Zeus. After the overthrow of their Fa-
ther Cronus he drew lots with Zeus and Hades, anoth-
er brother, for shares of the world. His prize was to
become lord of the sea. He was widely worshiped by
seamen. He married Amphitrite, a granddaughter of
the Titan Oceanus. At one point he desired Demeter.
To put him off Demeter asked him to make the most
beautiful animal that the world had ever seen. So to
impress her Poseidon created the first horse. In some
accounts his first attempts were unsuccessful and cre-
ated a variety of other animals in his quest. By the time the horse was cre-
ated his passion for Demeter had cooled. His weapon is a trident, which can
shake the earth, and shatter any object. He is second only to Zeus in power
amongst the gods. He has a difficult quarrelsome personality.
 71

Artemis: (Diana) She is the huntsman of the gods

and goddess of environment and nature.
She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto. Her twin
brother is Apollo . She is the protector of the young.
Like Apollo she hunts with silver arrows. She became
associated with the moon. She is a virgin goddess,
and the goddess of chastity. She also presides over
childbirth, which may seem odd for a virgin, but
goes back to causing Leto no pain when she was
born. She became associated with Hecate. The cy-
press is her tree. All wild animals are scared to her,
especially the deer.

Hermes: (Mercury) Zeus messenger.

(Transport communications and commerce)
He is the son of Zeus and Maia. He is the
fastest of the gods. He wears winged san-
dals, a winged hat, and carries a magic
wand. He is the god of thieves and god of
commerce. He is the guide for the dead to
go to the underworld. He invented the lyre,
the pipes, the musical scale, astronomy ,
weights and measures, boxing, gymnastics,
and the care of olive trees.

The Greek post office has Her-

mes as its symbol.

Apollo: God of light. He is the god of music, play-

ing a golden lyre. The Archer, far shooting with a
silver bow. The god of healing who taught man
medicine. The god of truth, who can not speak a
lie. He is the son of Zeus and Leto. His twin sister
is Artemis.One of Apollo's more important daily
tasks is to harness his chariot with four horses and
drive the Sun across the sky. People traveled to it
from all over the Greek world to divine the future.
His tree was the laurel. The crow his bird. The dol-
phin his animal.
(he is not God of the sun bout God of light)
 72

Aphrodite: (Venus) Is the goddess of love, desire and

beauty. In addition to her natural gifts she has a magical
girdle that compels anyone she wishes to desire her. There
are two accounts of her birth. One says she is the daughter
of Zeus and Dione. The other goes back to when Cronus
castrated Uranus and tossed his severed genitals into the
sea. Aphrodite then arose from the sea foam on a giant
scallop and walked to shore in Cyprus. She is the wife of
Hephaestus. The myrtle is her tree. The dove, the swan,
and the sparrow her birds. (Dione (Διώνη): Dione is
mother of Aphrodite, according to Homer in the Iliad).

Demeter: (Ceres) Demeter is the goddess of corn, grain,

and the harvest. In Greek religion and mythology, goddess of
harvest and fertility; daughter of Kronos and Rhea. She was
the mother of Persephone by Zeus. When Pluto abducted
Persephone, Demeter grieved so inconsolably that the earth
became barren through her neglect. Searching for her
daughter, she wandered to Eleusis, where the Eleusinian
Mysteries were inaugurated in her honor. She revealed to
Triptolemus, an Eleusinian, the art of growing and using
corn. The Thesmophoria, a fertility festival held in her honor
at Athens, was attended only by women.

Hades: (Pluto) Hades, in Greek mythology, god of the

dead. He was the son of the Titans Cronus and Rhea
and the brother of Zeus and Poseidon. When the three
brothers divided up the universe after they had deposed
their father, Cronus, Hades was awarded the under-
world. There, with his queen, Persephone, whom he had
abducted from the world above, he ruled the kingdom of
the dead. Although he was a grim and pitiless god, un-
appeased by either prayer or sacrifice, he was not evil.
In Roman mythology, he was known also as Pluto, lord
of riches, because both crops and precious metals were
believed to come from his kingdom below ground.
The underworld itself was often called Hades. It was di-
vided into two regions: Erebus, where the dead pass as soon as they die,
and Tartarus, the deeper region, where the Titans had been imprisoned. It
was a dim and unhappy place, inhabited by vague forms and shadows and
guarded by Cerberus, the three-headed, dragon-tailed dog. Sinister rivers
separated the underworld from the world above, and the aged boatman
Charon ferried the souls of the dead across these waters. Somewhere in
the darkness of the underworld Hades' palace was located. It was repre-
sented as a many-gated, dark and gloomy place, thronged with guests,
and set in the midst of shadowy fields and an apparition-haunted land-
scape. In later legends the underworld is described as the place where the
good are rewarded and the wicked punished.
 73

God Hephaestus: (Vulcan) He is the

smith and armorer of the gods. He-
phaestus is the son of Zeus and Hera.
Sometimes it is said that Hera alone pro-
duced him and that he has no father.His
wife is Aphrodite. Sometimes his wife is
identified as Aglaia. He is the only god
to be physically ugly. He is also lame.
Accounts as to how he became lame
vary. Some say that Hera, upset by hav-
ing an ugly child, flung him from Mount
Olympus into the sea, breaking his legs.
Others that he took Hera's side in an ar-
gument with Zeus and Zeus flung him off Mount Olympus. He is the god of
fire and the forge. He uses a volcano as his forge. He is the patron god of
both smiths and weavers. He is kind and peace loving.

According to evidence of Titus Livius, Roman historian (59 BC - 17

AD) that the Roman law is a copy of the Greek law from Sparta and
Athens

Cum de legibus conveniret de latore tantum discreperat, missi legati

Athenas Spurius Postumios Albus, Aullus Manllius, Publius Sulpicius Camer-
inus; iussique inklitas leges Solonis describere et alliarum Graeciae civita-
tum instituta, mores juraque noscere.

U.S. of America adapting the Greek law. «Discrimination:.... The

Civil Rights Acts passed by the U.S. Congress included those of
1866, 1870, 1871, 1875, 1964, and 1968.

The first two acts gave blacks the rights to be treated as citizens in legal actions...
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination in employment...
The Federal Fair Housing Act of 1968 prohibited discrimination in the sale or rental
of residential housing».
(Dictionary of Real Estate, St. Hartman, New York, 1996)

Θάνατος =death — Ύπνος According to Heraclitus mortals are im-

mortals they die because they don't
=Hypnos = Sleep feel like Gods
(Immortals are important people who
will be remembered for a very long
time)
How to overcame the fear of death? re-
member three things

1) think, where you were, before you

born?
2) think of a long peaceful sleep
3) if there is life after death think how
nice it will be to meet all the people you
use to know!!!
(Socrates before his death)
home
 home 74

Ancient Greek Lawgivers

According to Homer's Odyssey and Hesiod's Theogony:
King Minos of Knossos in Crete ascended the mountain Idaeon Andron
(highest mountain of Crete) to receive the laws (commandments) from his
father Zeus, and thereafter met with him at nine-year intervals to renew
the legislation according to the god's instructions.

Other Law givers beside Solon and Lycurgus:

Pittacus Mytelinaeus (from (600 b.c.) (600
Lesvos) Πιττακός ο Μυτιληναί- Π.Χ.)
ος
Zalefcus from Locris (7th century Ζάλευκος ο Λοκρός (7ος Π.Χ.)
b.c.)
Charondus from Catania
(650 b.c.) Χαρώνδας ο Καταναίος (650 Π.Χ)
(Sicily old Greece)
Androdamaus from Rigea Ανδροδάμας ο Ρήγιος
(9th century
Feidon from Corinth Φείδων ο Κορίνθιος (9ος Π.Χ.)
b.c.)
Filolaus from Corinth Φιλόλαος ο Κορίνθιος
(500
Parmeneides from Elea (500 b.c.) Παρμενίδης ο Ελεάτης
Π.Χ.)
Dimonaxus from Arcadea Δημώναξ ο Αρκάς
(3th century
Dimonaesea from Cyprus Δημώνασα η Κυπρία (3ος Π.Χ.)
b.c.)
Archytas from Taranto
Αρχύτας ο Ταραντίνος
(Italy south old Greece)
Περίανδρος ο Κορίνθι-
Periandrus from Corinth
ος
Λυκούργος ο Λακεδαι-
Lycurgus from Sparta (850 b.c.) (850 Π.Χ)
μόνιος
Dracon from Athens Δράκων ο Αθηναίος
Solon from Athens (590 b.c.) Σόλων ο Αθηναίος (590 Π.Χ)

Solon Pittacus Mytelinaeus (from Lesvos) Lycurgus from Sparta

 75

Vowel
Ιι Ι,ι - (Ιώτα - iota) i

= NUMBER 10

Ι: Is representing fine, slim, narrow, weak objects. The symbol is used

often as Y (in English or German) and often as J Ιαπετός (=Japeto) (Japeto
was father of Prometheus and Prometheus was father of the genealogic
tree of the Greek race).
In sound the letter I+a = Iaaa!!!, Iaaa!!!, or Yaaa!!!, Yaaa!!! is a strong
scaring voice to the animals and an expression of sorrow and despair to
man. «Ι» also representing the arrow, and the noise it makes when deliv-
ered from the bow. An arrow dipped in poison give the word ιός
(=poison), ιατρός (doctor), ΙΣΧΝΟΣ (=lean - thin - ill (wickedness, dis-
ease, pain), ιαχή=iahe (=sound of many people, sound of stormy sea),
ΙΣΤΟΣ (=the mast of a ship or a supporting POLE), ΙΣΤΟΣ (foundation
pile, to secure a dome), ill, wick etc.

The reason that the Greeks created 3 different symbol characters

that sound the same «H,I,Y» prove the originality of the alphabet,
each symbol sound the same, but have different meanings.

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

direction, support, retention ιός (=poison), fine, slim, narrow, ob-
jects, ill, wick. J = Ια Ιατρός (=doctor)

Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced differently

from the equivalent English letters.
upper case lower case
Ι,ι - (Ιώτα - iota) i
Ι ι
"it" - "thick" - "big" - "this" - "axis" -
"voice"
Greek symbols never change their pronunciation sound

abandoned Greek symbol J used as ΙΑ-IO-JΑΠΕΤΟΣ - ΙΑΠΕΤΟΣ

(=Japeto)- Ιάκωβος (=Jacob) - Αιγυπτίης - Αιγυπτίjης (=Egyptian)
- (Ιαχή =cry=loud strong voice)
( Ιεχωβά =Jehovah) (Joseph =Ιωσήφ , John =Ιωάννης)

Few words of symbol Ι from Greek to English

 76

Ια=ja, Ιε=Jε, Ιο=jo

=Ιάσων=Jason,
Ιεχωβά=Jehovah = Ιαχή =
loud voice, cry, call, shout,
I command, I give order.

Ancient Greek Dictionary L & S

Ιάπτω (japto)=jet, jetsam, jettison--Ιππόδρομος (ippodromos)

=hippodrome
Ίδιος (idios)=idiobiology, idiogenesis, idiolect, idiopathy, idiot, idiosyncra-
sy
Ιερός (ieros=hier...)=hierarch, hierocracy, hierolatry, hierology
Ίππος (ippos=horse)=hippodrome, hippoid, hippopotamus
Ίρις (iris)=iridial, iridology, iridodiagnosis
Ίσος (issos)=isobaric, isobath, isodiametric, isometric, isotope, plus many
more
Ίστημι (istimi)=stasis, statistics, station, status, stationery, statoscope,
etc, etc
Ιστός (istos)=histology, histoid, histography, histodiagnosis, histoblast
Ισχνάνω (ischano)=ischeum, ischesis, ischemia, ischialgia, ischemic
Ιχθύς (ichthys=fish)=ichthyology, ichthyographi, etc

fine, slim, narrow, weak objects

ΙΣΤΟΣ (=the mast of a ship, cobweb, Web, pole home

 77

Κ,κ - (Κάππα
Consonant
Κκ - Kappa)

= NUMBER 20

Symbol K=visually is the splitting act mostly of dry

wood, or stone giving a sharp dry noise (ka,ka,ka,-
ke,ke,ke), ΚΑΓΚ (=KAG) also carving and giving
shape to hard objects to create useful things furni-
ture, tools, pots, etc. Splitting. Words (Κράτος
(=nation), κάρα(=κεφαλή(=head split in battle). The
word κύκλος(=circle) took its name from the bird
of prey the hawk (=kirkinezi), the hawk very com-
mon to the Greek mountains, circling the sky the di-
rection of a circle=(κύκλος) and sounding it's voice
kirk,kirk,kirk giving the words,ΚΙΡΚΟΣ (=circus)

ΚΡΙΚΟΣ (=ring). Cyclops (=Κύκλωπες) took their names of

the technique to build big circular and tall walls (Cyclopean
walls) protecting their cave and stock, the shape of a circle living
a small opening as a passage. The myth that Cyclops where
monsters with one eye is not a fact, but they considered as strong wealthy
selfish and ruthless (not having an eye for the poor), they where the
first herdsman people to capture the animals and breed them, and to cre-
ate the first communities. Centaurs (man on horseback the first cowboys)
(=Κένταυρος) κεντά=prick or jab + ταύρος=bull) prick the bull with a
long rod or cane. The Greek symbol C used until the Byzantine era, re-
placed then by K.

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

ΚΟΠΤΩ (cutting, Splitting), ΚΑΘΑΡΣΗΣ (to clean), καλός (good), κακός
ΔΙΑΧΩΡΙΖΩ (sorting) (bad), depose, remove, empty

Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced different-

ly from the equivalent English letters.
upper case lower case

Κ κ Κ,κ - (Κάππα - Kappa)

"krater" - "cat" - "calf" - "kill" - "Queen" -

copper "
In Greek «Theogony» (the origin or genealogy of the gods - verse
142-146) Cyclops (ΚΥΚΛΩΨ - ΚΥΚΛΟΣ = Circle)
 78

Q Q= K

Κούρος Qouros (=boy with long hair) - Κόρη Qouri (=girl daughter)

Κουρήτες (=Qurites=Curers-nurses mostly young people taking care older

and ill people.

Qόμη- κόμη=hair

=Q

The band holding the hair

is Q
Linear B

The Kroisos Kouros (Ancient Greek:

κοῦρος) is a marble kouros from
Anavyssos in Attica which
functioned as a grave
marker for a fallen young
warrior named Kroîsos
(Κροῖσος). The free-
standing sculpture strides
THE EARLIEST GREEK
forward with he "archaic
ALPHABET
smile" playing slightly on
his face. The sculpture is MS in Greek on copper, Cyprus,
dated to c. 540–515 BC ca. 800 BC, 2 tablets, 21x13
and stands 1.95 meters cm, single column, (19x10 cm),
high. It is now situated in 20-23 lines in archaic Greek
the National Archaeologi- capitals
cal Museum of Athens

Qόραξ, Qοσμία, ΓλάυQος, ΈQτορ, ΠάτροQλος, etc.

Latin symbols where also Greek originating from Evia near the city of Ky-
mi. Q was replaced by K, and other Latin symbols where excluded from the
Greek Alphabet. The Greek symbol C used until the Byzantine era, replaced
then by K
Κόμη (=hair) - Κουρέας (=barber), Κομμωτής (=hairdresser)
 79

Few words of symbol Κ from Greek to English

Καίω (kaeo)=caustic, cautious, caution--Καλάμη (calami)=calamus
Κακός (cacos)=cacogenesis, cacoepy, cacodoxy, cacology, cacopathy
Κλήρος (kliros)=Cleric,clergy,clerk--Κάλλος (calos)=calligram, calligraphy
Κάλυξ (calyx)=calyx--Καρδίη (cardii)=cardiac, cardiogram, plus many
more
Καρκαίρω (carkaeo)=crack, cracked--Καρκίνος (carkinos)=cancer
Καρπός (carpos)=crop--Κατά (cata...)=catabolic, catabiosis, cataclysm,
etc
Κέντρον (kentron)=center, centralize, centrifugal--Κιθάρα (kithara)
=guitar
Κεραμεύς (ceramefs)=ceramics--Κίνυμαι (kinimae)=cinema, cinematog-
raphy
Κίρκος (kircos)=cirque, circle, circulation, circumstance, etc, etc
Κλέπτω (klepto)=clepsydra, cleptobiosis, kleptomania, kleptomaniac
Κλίμαξ (klimax)=climax--Κλίνω (klino)=decline, declination, clinique
Κνήμη (knimi)=cnemial, knee--Κολλητός (colitos)=collage, colloid, col-
league
Κόλπος (colpos)=gulf--Κόπτω (copto)=cut,cutting--Κορωνίς (coronis)
=crown
Κόσμος (cosmos)=cosmology, cosmonaught, cosmogonies, cosmogenesis,
etc
Κρανίον (cranion)=cranial, craniognosis, cranioscopy, cranium
Κρέας (creas)=creatic, ceophagy, carnage, carnival, carnivorous
Κύκλος (kyclos)=cycle, cyclical, cyclone--Κύκλωπες (kyclopes)=Cyclops
Κροταλίζω (crotalizo)=rattle--Κρυόεις (cryois)=cryogen, cryogenics, cry-
onics
Κρύπτω (crypto)=cryptograph, cryptanalysis, cryptology
Κρύσταλλος (crystallos)=crystal, crystallize--Κρόμυον (cromion)=onion
Κτύπος (ktypos)=typos, typical, typist, typography--Κύπελλον (kypelon)
=cup
Κυβερνήτης (kiveritis)=government, governor, etc--Κρατήρ (cratir)
=crater
Κυλίνδω (kylindo)=cylinder, cylindrical--Κυνέω (kineo)=kiss, kissing
Κύστις (kystis)=cystitis, cystoid, cystoma, cystectomy
Κύων (kyon)=cynical, cynoid, cynodont, etc
Κώμα (coma)=comatose, coma-Κώμος (comos)=comedy, comedi-
an,comedist

home
 80

ΚΑΡΝΑΒΑΛΙ= CARNIVAL
Κάρνεια=Carnea festival in honor to God
Apollo, from the Spartans on the 9 days
of the month Μεταγειτνειώνα κάρνειων
μην =(Carnion month end of winter-
spring-fertile month) Satyrs dressed as
billy-goats prance about in the neighbor-
hood, introducing improper actions to-
wards sexuality for fertility purposes.
Κάρνος=Carnos meaning herding goats, sheep, billy-goats.
Dionysus (a.k.a. Bacchus) is
the god of wine, theater, and
revelry. Wherever this guy
goes, a party erupts around
him. He is constantly sur-
rounded by a wild gathering
of female followers called
Maenads, or Bacchantes, as
well as a herd of Satyrs, creatures with the upper bodies of men, but the
legs and horns of goats. Quite a motley crew. The gatherings of Dionysus'
followers are more than just wild parties, though; they are also sacred ritu-
als in which worshipers dance and drink themselves into a state of ecstasy
to become closer to their god. And as crazy as he is, Dionysus also sparked
some pretty important cultural phenomena, like Greek theater, which – ru-
mor has it – evolved from his rituals.

ΤΡΑΓΟΣ=TRAGUS = BILLY-GOAT Dictionary L & S.

ΤΡΑΓΩΔΙΑ=TRAGEDY fancy dressing for comedy, one who’s dressed
with ridiculous procession, also the word means heroic drama.
ΤΡΑΓΩΔΟΣ=TRAGODOS= TRAGO= BILLY-GOAT, ΩΔΗ= DANCE
ΑΙΓΑ=GOAT a very common word in the Greek language the word ap-
pears from very early in ancient times, stone age Greek hunters, the
mountains with many wild goats on them. Many hunters together chasing
goats to a cliff until they plunge to their death (Καταιγίδα=downfall of
goats). Words: Αιγαίο=Aegean once the islands were joint giving big
land that was full of goats. In Homer we read the word Αιγαίον όρος
(Aegean mountain with the many goats) referring to the mountain of Pin-
dus in center of Greece. Κατo= down, αιγίδα=goat=downfall of goats
(stone age people noticed that in autumn goats are moving down from the
snowy mountains to warmer land with swift and flump stormy sounds).
(kategida=καταιγίδα is a common word used on every storm of rain).
 81

For any myth the half is true

Cyclopes =Κύκλωπες) took
their names of the technique
to build big and strong walls
(Cyclopean walls) the shape of
a circle living a small opening
as a passage protecting their
cave and stock. The myth
that Cyclopes were monsters
with one eye is not a fact, but
they considered as strong
wealthy selfish and ruthless
(not having an eye for the
poor), they were the first herdsman people to capture the animals and
breed them (no cultivators), and to create the first communities. no fe-
male Cyclops ever been mentioned.

(in Homer Odyssey lines 382 - 390: Cyclope Polyphemus is not

mentioned to have one eye but with eyebrows and eyelashes
when Odysseus and his men blinded him).

Centaurs (Κένταυρος - κεντά=prick or jab + ταύρος=bull) prick

the bull with a long rod or cane
Centaurs took their names from chasing oxen and other livestock on a
horseback they considered as the first (cowboys) The myth that Cen-
taurs where monsters half man and half horse is not true, and no female
Centaurs ever been mentioned. Wild horses existed plentiful on many
Greek regions, a wild horse figure engraved on stone shown below from
Paleolithic age was found at Pelion (Volos museum).
Man's names Ιππόστρατος, Ιπποδάτης, Ιππιοχάρμης, Philippus, etc. and
female given names Ιππου-κρήνη (Ίππος-hippos=horse), Ιπποθόη, Ιπ-
πονόη, Ιππώ, etc we find in «Theogony» also names were given to horses
(Βουκεφάλας buffalo head was Alexander’s horse). Many of this Cen-
taurs considered as wise and skillful in medicine and pottery (the
name Pelion originates from mixing Πηλό-pilos=clay for pottery).

A wild horse figure engraved on stone from Paleolithic age was

found at Pillion (Volos museum).
 home 82

Consonant
Λλ Λ,λ - (Λάβδα - ambda)

= NUMBER 30

Λ=L: The tongue and the cavity of the mouth resemble a cave
with dripping or running water will give the sound of la-le-la= ΛH-
ΛΕ-ΛΑ, The tongue is slippery, sticky, and wet. According to Plato
symbol «Λ» represents brightness, water that sparkles under
the sun, smoothens, stickiness, slippery. Is believed that most
of springs of water emerging under rocks or a slit between rocks.
The movement of the tongue in the cavity of the open mouth will
give the sound of ΛΛΛΛ. The word ΕΛΛΑΣ=hELLAS (=people un-
der bright sun, building their homes with stone=ΛΙΘΟΣ)
The word ΛΑΣ=LAS people reside near a rock described as, ΛΑΟΣ=LAOS
(=nation). The word «Λάλλαι» (=lalea), according the dictionary Liddell and Scott
are named the pebbles on the beach from the noise they make by smoothly moving
in and out of the sea shore la, le, la. Word ΛΑΛΙΑ - LALIA (=not understandable
speech=la, la, bla, bla, bla). ΛΟΓΟΣ- LOGOS=logic (=spoken word), Logo
therapy (=speech therapy).
the chisel tool Λ is to give shape to stones for ΛΑΣ=STONE, ΓΛΥΦΩ =to lick
the marble (=glyph), ΛΑΒΙΔΑ=LAVIDA=TONGS, GRIPPER= Λ

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

ΛΟΓΟΣ (spoken word), brightens, ΛΑΛΙΑ (=speak), λάμψη=lux ,
sparkly ΛΙΘΟΣ (=stone)

Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced differently

from the equivalent English letters.
upper case lower case

Λ =L λ =l
Λ,λ - (Λάβδα - Lambda)

"leg" - "light" - "follow" - "last" - "salt" -

"Lot"
Few words of symbol Λ from Greek to English
Λαμπτήρ (lamptir)=lamp, lampadedromy--Λέων (leon)=lion,
Λέγω (lego)=law, lawful, lawmaker, legislation, legitimate, logic, logos, etc
Λευκός (lefcos)=leukemia, leucoma, leukous--Λήθη (lithi)=lethal, lethar-
gy
Λιπαρός (liparos)=lipid, lipogenesis, lipoma--Λίνον (linon)=linen, linole-
um
Λίσσομαι (lissomae)=litany--Λούω (louo)=dilute, pollute, pollution
Λυκηγενής (lykigenis)=lux, look--Λύκος (lykos)=lycanthrope, lyceum
Λύω (lyo)=lysis, lysemia--Λωτός (lotos)=lotus
 83

Μμ
Consonant Μ,μ - (Μύ - Me

= NUMBER 40

Μ: MMMM, in pain of a mother giving birth, AAAA, the newborn cry, there-
fore the vocal sound MA MA (=mother).
Symbol «M» give the description of a mother ready to
give birth. Words: ΜΗΤΡΙΚΗ (=MOTHERHOOD),
Mother was and is the teacher, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ (=I'M
LEARNING), ΜΟΥΣΑ (=MUSE) berceuse, lullaby,
cradle-song (lead to the music we know today), and to learn to talk
ΜΟΥΣΕΙΟ (MUSEUM), ΜΟΥΣΙΚΗ (MUSIC), ΜΗΝΑΣ (=MONTH woman's
monthly period), Μογέω (=suffer in birth pain), etc. etc..
(In Homer Il.Λ 269-271) «Ως δ’ οτ αν ωδινούσας έχη βέλος οξύ γυναίκας
δριμύ, τότε προϊείσι μογοστόκοι Ειλείθυιαι Ήρης θυγατέρες πικράς ωδίνας
έχουσαι» = (for mothers who safer in birth pain like an arrow cutting
Through, send by Hera’s daughters those who hold tight the pains of birth).

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

MA (MAMA), μαστός (=breast),
ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ (=I'M LEARNING) Μογέω (=suffer in birth pain), ΜΗΝΑΣ
(=MONTH

(Phoenicians adopting symbol «M» thought it meant Water)

upper case lower case

M μ Μ,μ - (Μύ - Me

"mum" - "month" - "moon" - "music "

Few words of symbol Μ from Greek to English
Μάζα (maza)=mass, masses, massive, mastectomy, Amazon (=none mass)
Μαίνομαι (maenomae)=mania, maniac--Μαρμαίρω (marmaero)=marble
Μακρός (macros)=macro, macrobiosis, macrology, plus many more
Μαλακός (malacos)=mollusk, mils, mildness, malacia, malacosis
Μάρτυρος (martyros)=martyr, martyrize--Μεθύω (methio)=methyl
Μέγας (megas)=mega, megacycle, megalomania, megaphone, megalopolis,
megabyte, etc
Μείζων (meizon)=majestic, majestically, majesty, major, majority
Μέλας (melas)=melanic, melanoma, melanosis, Melanesia, etc, etc
Μέλι (meli=honey)=Melissa, melissophobia--Μέλος (melos)=melody, me-
lodic
 84

Μετά (meta...)=metabolism, metaphase, metacinesis, metempsychosis

Μετήορος (metioros)=meteorite, meteorology--Μέτρον (metron)=meter,
etc
Μήν (min)=month, monthly--Μίγνυμι (mignimi)=mix, mixer, mixture, mix
up
Μήτηρ (mitir)=mother, motherland, maternal, matrimony, maternity, plus
more
Μηχανάω (michanao)=machine, machinery, mechanic, mechanology
Μικρός (micros=small)=micro, microbiology, microscope, plus many many
more
Μιμνήσκω (mimnisco)=memo, memoir, memorial, memorize, memory
Μινύθω (minitho)=minimal, mini, minimum, minus--Μίτρη (mitri)=mitre,
mitral
Μνημοσύνη (mnimossini)=amnesty, amnesia, mnemonic
Μόνος (monos)=mono, monarch, monastery, monologue, monopoly, etc,
etc, etc
Μόρος (moros)=mortal, mortgage, mortality, mortuary
Μορφή (morphi)=morph, formal, format, morphosis--Μύλη (myli)=mill,
miller
Μυελός (myelos)=myelic, myelitis, myeloid--Μύθος (mythos)=myth, my-
thology
Μύριος (myrios)=myriad

home

THE 4 OBLIGATIONS ARE THE 4 PILLARS OF CIVILIZATION

ΜΗΙΤΙΝ=METIN, ΘΕΜΙΣ=THEMIS, ΕΒΡΥΝΟΜΗΝ=EVRINOMIN, ΜΝΗΜΟΣΥ-

ΝΗΝ=MNIMOSININ

ZEUS: Accepted from all humans as Superior uni-

versal ruler and creator, pre cataclysmic human
civilization.

His «marriage» with «ΜΗΙΤΙΝ», «ΘΕΜΙΣ»,

«ΕΥΡΥΝΟΜΗΝ», and «ΜΝΗΜΟΣΥΝΗΝ»,

this 4 obligations are the 4 pillars of civilization,

symbolizing human ties, logic, influential accepta-
tion of justice, spreading happiness and prosperi-
ty to the people.
 85

1) ΜΗΙΤΙΝ: (METIN=logic - technology - learning - intellectuals)

Words: ΜΗΤΡΙΚΗ (=MOTHER LANGUAGE), Mother was and is the
teacher,
ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ (=I'M LEARNING), ΜΟΥΣΑ (=MUSE) berceuse, lullaby,
cradle-song (lead to the music we know today),
ΜΟΥΣΕΙΟ (MUSEUM, ΜΟΥΣΙΚΗ (MUSIC)
The name emerges from the letter «M» meaning mother and mother is the
teacher
2) ΘΕΜΙΣ: (Themis)= θεσμός - meaning (ties of law, justice - prin-
ciples of justice).
ΘΕΜΙΣ had many daughters some of them are Ευνομία (equal apportion
of goods), ΔΙΚΗΝ (passing judgment and punishment providing peace).

3) ΕΥΡΥΝΟΜΗΝ: (EVRINOMIN Ευρύ+νομή=wide area of owner-

ship) the right to own a property, one to recognize and respect the
boundaries of the other's properties).
4) ΜΝΗΜΟΣΥΝΗΝ: (MNEMOSYNE μνήμη=memory (to remember the
laws, traditions, and customary laws). The 9 MUSES kept the infor-
mation of Mnemosyne.
The 9 MUSES in fact where 9 MUSEUMS of words (libraries? also called ΜΑ-
ΝΤΕΙΑ(=ORACLE). World wide information kept in safety to recall
them when needed.

Greek historian Hesiod lines 38-40: «είρουσαι τά τ' εόντα τά τ' εσσόμε-
να πρό τ' εόντα, φωνή ομηρεύσαι τών δ' ακάματος ρέει αυδή εκ στο-
μάτων ηδεία...». (=people seeking information from the muses, the infor-
mation was read to the people exactly as it is written, with the only differ-
ence that the muses had to create poems and sing it to their clients be-
cause the majority of the people where uneducated and it is easier to re-
member a song than the actual words, the word ομηρεύσαι (=captured,
kept, stored) indicating that the words where written and stored in safe-
ty. (This is another proof that the Greek alphabet was older than the ap-
pearance of the Phoenicians).

home
 home 86

THE 9 MUSES and the 9 MUSEUMS of WORDS

(stored information) ORACLE

The 9 MUSES in fact where 9 MU-

SEUMS of words (libraries? also
called ΜΑΝΤΕΙΑ(=ORACLE).
World wide information
kept in safety to recall them
when needed.
Greek historian Hesiod lines 38-
40: «είρουσαι τά τ' εόντα τά τ'
εσσόμενα πρό τ' εόντα, φωνή
ομηρεύσαι τών δ' ακάματος ρέ-
ει αυδή εκ στομάτων ηδεία...».
(=people seeking information
from the muses, the information was read to the people exactly as it was
written, with the only difference that the muses had to create poems and
sing it to their clients because the majority of the people where illiterate,
and it is easier to remember a song than the actual words, the word ομη-
ρεύσαι (=captured, kept, stored) indicating that the words where writ-

1) «ΚΛΕΙΩ - CLEIO»
2) «ΕΥΤΕΡΠΗ - EUTERPE»
3) «ΜΕΛΠΟΜΕΝΗ - MELPOMENE»
4) «ΤΕΡΨΙΧΟΡΗ - TERPSICHORE»
5) «ΠΟΛΥΜΝΙΑ - POLYMNIA»
6) «ΚΑΛΛΙΟΠΗ - CALLIOPE»
7) «ΘΑΛΕΙΑ - THALEIA»
8) «ΕΡΑΤΩ - ERATO»
9) «ΟΥΡΑΝΙΑ - OURANIA»

9 ORACLES
were many such places in ancient
Greek world, most notably at Del-
phi, Didyma on the coast of Asia
Minor, Dodona in Epirus, and
Olympia.
Ruins of Delphi
MUSEUM ΚΛΕΙΩ (=CLEIO -
Muse of history) from the word κλείω (=closing - lock-
ing) forbidding intruders to historical records of a
state.
In this museum were kept information of the
past, the present, and to predict with statistics
the future, in her statue is attached a codex and in
one hand holding a trumpet to hum the famous events,
and in the other a hourglass to sing out the past of his-
torical events.
 87

MUSEUM ΕΥΤΕΡΠΗ (=EUTERPE)

EY=EU(=good, happy, enjoy) ΤΕΡΠΗ(= pleasura-
ble, satisfied)
The happy muse related with teaching music,
dancing, wine making, and she is close related
with Bacchus (=Dionysus)
her music is the bag-pipes, double-pipes, and
the flute.

She kept information of all kinds of tradi-

tional music of her known world.

Greek civilization stretching back to old stone age when people were
dressed with animal skins ( old stone= Paleolithic 700.000 - 9.000 B.C.)
MUSEUM ΜΕΛΠΟΜΕΝΗ (=MELPOMENE)
ΜΕΛ=MEL=melodrama (acting), ΠΟ=πόσις PO=posis
(=wine drinking) «Greek tragedy» the word tragedy is
related to ancient times, τράγος (=tragos the male
goat (billy-goat), (trag+odi= τραγ+ωδί=acting and
sinning). Goat herdsmen of the Greek mountains often
under wine influence, dress with goat skins to perform
and amuse them selves acting as male goats with at
first unpleasant comic sexual behavior, the idea led to
gradual evolution of a proper musical - theatrical proto-
type. The muse is pictured in an acting position, standing
holding Hercules club, and she wears a mask of him. Mu-
seum MELPOMENE was teaching theater, enriching hero-
ism to the young and high spirit to others

M U S E U M Τ Ε Ρ Ψ Ι Χ Ο Ρ Η
(=TERPSICHORE) TERPSI= pleasure,
satisfaction, happiness CHORE=chorus,
sing and dance, she is always follow-
ing MELPOMENE in the theatre. She
teaches music and dance.
the lyre (guitar) symbol of divination to
God Apollo. (museum of Berlin)

MUSEUM ΠΟΛΥΜΝΙΑ(=POLYMNIA) POLY=the greatness of a

substance, YMNIA emerges from the word ΥΦ-ΥΦΑΙΝΩ
(=weave) weaving words and writings of information as
well in tapestry.
Museum Polymnia was a work place of weaving writings and
storing the information. Polymnia portrayed with her finger-
pointer in front of her mouth symbolizing silence.
 88

MUSEUM ΚΑΛΛΙΟΠΗ (=CALLIOPE) KALLI

(=good, right, brilliant, etc., OPE=open eye,
broad vision. The many languages of
Greece Achaea, Crete, Dorea, Cydon, Pelas-
gia originating from Zeus era causing confu-
sion. The museum CALLIOPE considered as the
greatest offer, sorting out the many words of
the seamen to be understood by the people of
the mountains and vice versa and in all regions
and trades, and to create a common diction-
ary. ΓΛΩΣΣΑ
(=GLOSSA=toque=language=knowledge)
the knowledge of many words to rise the
level of civilization. CALLIOPE portrayed seat-
ed in a thinking position her elbow resting on
her knee, holding pen feather and plaques, her
appearance showed that she was ready to write
on those plaques.
(the Greek writing is as old as more than
15.000 years old).

MUSEUM ΘΑΛΕΙΑ (=THALEIA) ΘΑ=ΤΗΑ=

oversee, attend, observe sea and land
weather conditions. She was teaching peo-
ple fishing, stock breeding, agriculture and
the technique of managing seedlings and
nursing plants. She also advising seamen
to understand weather conditions and to
observe the constellation of Pleiades and
the Star Orion, Sirius, and Ursa Major. She
was teaching the preparation of works to be done on the changing of the
seasons [when the stars Orion and Sirius reach the centre of the
sky, and the Ursa Major facing the morning star it is time to vine
harvest and bring all the grapes home. (Hesiod Έργα και ημέρες lines
609-611)]. Her appearance with garland of vine, dressed in kirtle holding
in one hand Dionysus mask and a teaching-stick in the other.

MUSEUM ΕΡΑΤΩ (=ERATO) EROS=The union of male

and female. Teaching morality and bashfulness to young
women and the obligations towards marriage.
Wedding is an old Greek tradition introducing the cere-
mony with the gathering of people to witness, the Greek
invention of the white wedding dress symbolized the pu-
rity of the bride.
According to Athenian law, allowed the marriage of one
man one woman for raising children.
ERATO pictured naked (symbol of fertility) holding
a lyre.
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MUSEUM ΟΥΡΑΝΙΑ (=OURANIA) (=URANUS=SKY) In

Theogony=Greek Genesis «historian Hesiod (800-750
b.c.) conceded that the information of Theogony came
from the muses of the Heliconian mountains (Oracle)».
(At first there was Chaos after the Erebus and the night
next the daylight next the sky the Earth and Eros)....
«THEOGONY is a mythological code of facts but not a
religion, the pre-philosophic and pre-scientific progress
of the Paleolithic Greeks» At the beginning existed the
CHAOS, GAEA (=matter) and EROS attrac-
tivness=gravity), from Chaos begat Erebus and the
Night and from those two begat the Ether (a substance
permitting light to travel) and the day-light. At the same time begets the
Gaea (Earth) including the Uranus (=sky+stars), and from those two be-
gets the Ocean, Coeus, Creaeus, Hyperion (=Galaxy), Iapetus, and Cronus
including the Cyclopes Brontes, Steropes, and Arges (the TITANS). Thaea,
Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne (=memory), Phoebe, Tethys (the TITANESS).

The 147 Delphic commands are the wise orders of the 7 philosophers, to
the Greeks a valuable heritage for the following generations to inherit. The
ethical education and guidance to citizens began from the teachers to chil-
dren of young age and to continue till older, advising people of good behav-
ior and manners for their everyday living. word postings on the walls of the
ante temple of Apollo’s temple, and on posts perimetrical of the sides of the
temple.

Here are the commandments how the visitors observed at Delphi:

Έπου θεώ. Ακολούθα τον θεό. (follow take advise from Gods)
Νόμω πείθου. Να πειθαρχείς στο Νόμο. (obey instructions of law)
Θεούς σέβου. Να σέβεσαι τους θεούς. (show deference to Gods)
Γονείς αίδου. Να σέβεσαι τους γονείς σου. (show deference to your par-
ents)
Ηττώ υπέρ δικαίου. Να καταβάλλεσαι για το δίκαιο. (to struggle for your
rights)
Γνώθι μαθών. Γνώρισε αφού μάθεις. (be wise after you learn)
Ακούσας νόει. Κατανόησε αφού ακούσεις. (make understandable after
you hear)
Σαυτόν ίσθι. Γνώρισε τον εαυτό σου. (learn who you are)
Εστίαν τίμα. Να τιμάς την εστία σου. (respect your home)
Άρχε σεαυτού. Να κυριαρχείς τον εαυτό σου. (master you self)
Φίλους βοήθει. Να βοηθάς τους φίλους. (help your friends)
Θυμού κράτε. Να συγκρατείς το θυμό σου. (hold your anger)
 90

Όρκω μη χρω. Να μην ορκίζεσαι. (do not take an oath if not necessary)
Φιλίαν αγάπα. Να αγαπάς τη φιλία. (to love friendship)
Παιδείας αντέχου. Να προσηλώνεσαι στην εκπαίδευσή σου. (be attached to
your education)
Σοφίαν ζήτει. Να αναζητάς τη σοφία. (research to became wise)
Ψέγε μηδένα. Να μην κατηγορείς κανένα. (do not accuse any one)
Επαίνει αρετήν. Να επαινείς την αρετή. (to admire virtues and merit)
Πράττε δίκαια. Να πράττεις δίκαια. (act honest)
Φίλοις ευνόει. Να ευνοείς τους φίλους. (to favour your friends)
Εχθρούς αμύνου. Να προφυλάσσεσαι από τους εχθρούς. (protect yourself
from the enemy)
Ευγένειαν άσκει. Να είσαι ευγενής. (be polite)
Κακίας απέχου. Να απέχεις από την κακία. (forbearance from the evil)
Εύφημος ίσθι. Να έχεις καλή φήμη. (became famous)
Άκουε πάντα. Να ακούς τα πάντα. (listen to every think)
Μηδέν άγαν. Να μην υπερβάλλεις. (do not exaggerate)
Χρόνου φείδου. Να μη σπαταλάς το χρόνο. (do not waste time)
Ύβριν μίσει. Να μισείς την ύβρη. (to hate hubris)
Ικέτας αίδου. Να σέβεσαι τους ικέτες. (be merciful)
Υιούς παίδευε. Να εκπαιδεύεις τους γιους σου. (be a trainer for your
sons)
Έχων χαρίζου. Όταν έχεις, να χαρίζεις.*** (if you have give donate)
Δόλον φοβού. Να φοβάσαι το δόλο. (be afraid of deceit fraudulence)
Ευλόγει πάντας. Να λες καλά λόγια για όλους. (say a good word for eve-
ry one)
Φιλόσοφος γίνου. Να γίνεις φιλόσοφος. (became a philosopher)
Όσια κρίνε. Να κρίνεις τα όσια. (judge the blessed)
Γνους πράττε. Να πράττεις με επίγνωση. (act in full awareness)
Φόνου απέχου. Να μη φονεύεις. (do not kill)
Σοφοίς χρω. Να συναναστρέφεσαι με σοφούς. (became associate with
philosophers)
Ήθος δοκίμαζε. Να επιδοκιμάζεις το ήθος. (criticize ethical acts)
Υφορώ μηδένα. Να μην είσαι καχύποπτος. (don't be suspicious)
Τέχνη χρω. Να ασκείς την Τέχνη. (be a technician)
Ευεργεσίας τίμα. Να ιμάς τις ευεργεσίες. (to honor donators)
Φθόνει μηδενί. Να μη φθονείς κανένα. (do not hate any one)
Ελπίδα αίνει. Να δοξάζεις την ελπίδα. (to glorify hope)
Διαβολήν μίσει. Να μισείς τη διαβολή. (to hate slander)
Δικαίως κτω. Να αποκτάς δίκαια. (to earn equitable)
Αγαθούς τίμα. Να τιμάς τους αγαθούς. (to honor virtuous people)
Αισχύνην σέβου. Να σέβεσαι την εντροπή. (to deference shame)
Ευτυχίαν εύχου. Να εύχεσαι ευτυχία. (to wish happiness)
Εργάσου κτητά. Να κοπιάζεις για πράγματα άξια κτήσης. (make an effort
to earn valuables)
Έριν μίσει. Να μισείς την έριδα. (to hate disputation)
 91

Όνειδος έχθαιρε. Να εχθρεύεσαι τον χλευασμό. (to hate taunt)

Γλώσσαν ίσχε. Να συγκρατείς τη γλώσσα σου. (to halt your tongue)
Ύβριν αμύνου. Να προφυλάσσεσαι από την ύβρη. (protect your self from
hubris)
Κρίνε δίκαια. Να κρίνεις δίκαια. (be just)
Λέγε ειδώς. Να λες γνωρίζοντας. (speak with evidence)
Βίας μη έχου. Να μην έχεις βία. (don't be violent)
Ομίλει πράως. Να ομιλείς με πραότητα. (to speak with pride)
Φιλοφρόνει πάσιν. Να είσαι φιλικός με όλους. (be friendly with others)
Γλώττης άρχε. Να κυριαρχείς τη γλώσσα σου. (to master your tongue)
Σεαυτόν ευ ποίει. Να ευεργετείς τον εαυτό σου. (to benefit your self)
Ευπροσήγορος γίνου. Να είσαι ευπροσήγορος. (be conversable)
Αποκρίνου εν καιρώ. Να αποκρίνεσαι στον κατάλληλο καιρό. (to answer at
the right time)
Πόνει μετά δικαίου. Να κοπιάζεις δίκαια. (to labour just)
Πράττε αμετανοήτως. Να πράττεις με σιγουριά. (be assured for your do-
ings)
Αμαρτάνων μετανόει. Όταν σφάλλεις, να μετανοείς. (be penitent if you
are wrong)
Οφθαλμού κράτει. Να κυριαρχείς των οφθαλμών σου. (be dominant with
your eyes)
Βουλεύου χρήσιμα. Να σκέπτεσαι τα χρήσιμα. (keep in mind all useful
things)
Φιλίαν φύλασσε. Να φυλάττεις τη φιλία. (to guard friendship)
Ευγνώμων γίνου. Να είσαι ευγνώμων. (be grateful)
Ομόνοιαν δίωκε. Να επιδιώκεις την ομόνοια. (to seek amity)
Άρρητα μη λέγε. Να μην λες τα άρρητα. (do not say irrational)
Έχθρας διάλυε. Να διαλύεις τις έχθρες. (to disarm-dialyze animosity)
Γήρας προσδέχου. Να αποδέχεσαι το γήρας. (to accept old age)
Επί ρώμη μη καυχώ. Να μην καυχιέσαι για τη δύναμή σου. (do not swank
your power)
Ευφημίαν άσκει. Να επιδιώκεις καλή φήμη. (seek fame)
Απέχθειαν φεύγε. Να αποφεύγεις την απέχθεια. (to avoid abomination)
Πλούτει δικαίως. Να πλουτίζεις δίκαια. (became wealthy justly)
Κακίαν μίσει. Να μισείς την κακία. (to hate evilness)
Μανθάνων μη κάμνε. Να μην κουράζεσαι να μαθαίνεις. (don't feel tired-
ness from learning)
Ους τρέφεις αγάπα. Να αγαπάς αυτούς που τρέφεις. (to love the ones
you feed)
Απόντι μη μάχου. Να μην μάχεσαι αυτόν που είναι απών. (do not indict
the absent)
Πρεσβύτερον αιδού. Να σέβεσαι τους μεγαλύτερους. (to respect the el-
ders)
Νεώτερον δίδασκε. Να διδάσκεις τους νεότερους. (to teach the young)
Πλούτω απόστει. Να αποστασιοποιείσαι από τον πλούτο. (do not seek to
became wealthy)
Σεαυτόν αιδού. Να σέβεσαι τον εαυτό σου. (respect your self)
Μη άρχε υβρίζων. Να μην κυριαρχείς με αλαζονεία. (do not lead with ar-
rogance)
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Προγόνους στεφάνου. Να στεφανώνεις τους προγόνους σου. (to crown

your ancestors)
Θνήσκε υπέρ πατρίδος. Να πεθάνεις για την πατρίδα σου. (to die for your
country)
Επί νεκρώ μη γέλα. Να μην περιγελάς τους νεκρούς. (do not make fun of
the dead)
Ατυχούντι συνάχθου. Να συμπάσχεις με το δυστυχή. (sympathize those
who suffer)
Τύχη μη πίστευε. Να μην πιστεύεις την τύχη. (do not believe in luck)
Τελεύτα άλυπος. Να πεθαίνεις χωρίς λύπη. (die with no sadness)

Consonant

= NUMBER 50
Νν Ν,ν - (Νύ - N)

Ν: A sleeping position of a newborn baby: words NEO (=new), ΝΗΠΙΟ

(=baby),
ΝΑΙΩ (=κατοικώ - reside, live in my house where I sleep and I was born),
ΝΕΜΩ=ΝΑΙΩ, ΝΟΜΗ (=hold in demesne), ΝΥΞ=ΝΥΧΤΑ (=night). etc,
etc,.
Paleolithic Greeks burying their dead in the N position the same way they
where born, believing in rebirth. Giving words:
ΝΕΚΡΟΣ (NECROS =dead), ΝΑΡΚΗ (=lethargy, hibernation), ΝΑΟΣ
(=church). Using dried nerves as arrows and to throw an arrow give a
NNNNN sound, words ΝΕΒΡΟΣ (=nerve).
NOAH=ΝΩΕ (=I observe I understand the broad area (ocean) that
I live in, and I move on, navigate, Ναύς (=sailor).

Burying the dead the same position as the

newborn, the position of N
(perhaps believed in rebirth)

Words:
ΝΕΚΡΟΣ (Naecrόs)=dead
ΝΗΠΙΟΝ (Nipion)=newborn baby
NEO (=new)
ΝΑΥΣ (=seaman)
ΝΟΥΣ, ΝΟΩ (=mind, to think, nous)
ΝΕΜΩ (=I divide)

Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced differently

from the equivalent English letters.

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

ΝΑΙΩ (reside), NEO(=new) ΝΟΜΟΣ (=LAW), ΝΟΥΣ=MIND, ΝΕΚΥΣ
(ΝΕΚΡΟΣ)(=DEAD)
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upper case lower case

Ν ν =n
Ν,ν - (Νύ - N)

"new" - "nut" - "navy" - "next" - "night"

Few words of symbol Ν from Greek to English
Ναρκάω (narcao)=narcoses, narcohypnosis, narcoanalysis, narcodiagnosis
Ναύτης (naftis)=nautical, nautilus, navy, navigator, navigate
Νεκρός (necros)=necrosis, necropsy, etc -- Νέκταρ (nectar)=nectar
Νέος (neos)=new, newcomer, news, newsboy, newborn, newdeal, etc, etc.
Νεύρον (nevron)=nerve, neuralgia, neuritis, nervous, neurosis, etc, etc
Νεφέλη (nefeli)=nepheloid, nepheloscope, nepheloma, etc
Νοστεύω (nostevo)=nostalgia--Νούσος (noussos)=nossos, nosology
Νύμφη (nymphi)=nymph, nymphomania
Νύξ (nyx)=night, nightclub, nightfall, nighthawk, nightmare, nocturnal,
nightly

Consonant
Ξ ξ Ξ,ξ - (Ξί - Κsi)

= NUMBER 60

Ξ: This symbol in sound ΚΣ (=KS), ΧΣ (=HS), ΓΣ (=GS). (double char-

acter). We must remember that the formation of the symbols to prehistoric
man of the Greek mountains the only skill and knowledge was hunting and
cutting wood, using a sharp Flintstone to scrub off the hair of a skin giving
that sound, also scratching sticks of wood creating arrows for their hunt-

ing and pile them up, giving the image , but also pile-up fire-
wood or skins. The elaboration of skin for foot and body ware, and also
wool for dressing was the main domestic occupation that lead the idea of
merchandising their products to other communities.

From this the word:

ΞΕΝΟΣ=(XENOS)(=foreigner)(Φιλό
(=friendly)+Ξενος=φιλόξενος = phelox-
enos=hospitable)
«Πρός γάρ Διός εισιν άπαντες ξεινοί τε πτωχοί
τε», [because foreigners by Zeus are pro-
tected, Strangers and poor]. exchanging
goods and selling products, introducing for-
eign affairs. Ancient Greek historian (Ησίοδος
(Hesiod) advises not to be very friendly and also not to be very un-
friendly to strangers traders). Words «ΞΥΛΟΝ» (=WOOD),
«ΞΥΡΟΝ» (=DRY), ΞΥΕΙΝ (=TO SCRATCH off wool from skin). ΤΑ-
ΞΙΣ =TAXATION = the technique to pile up folders and documents
 home 94

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

ΞΑΙΝΩ= (processing wool), ΞΑΝΘΟΣ= (COLOR OF WOOL (BLOND),
ΞΕΝΟΣ (foreigner=) ΞΥΕΙΝ (=TO SCRATCH)
STRANGER ΞΥΛΟΝ» (=WOOD)

upper case lower case

Ξ,ξ - (Ξί - Κsi)
Ξ =KS=X ξ =x

Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced different-

ly from the equivalent English letters.

"box" - "fox" - "saxophone" - "xylophone"

- "pixel" "TAXI"
Few words of symbol Ξ from Greek to English

Ξανθός (xanthos)=xanthoma, xanthous, xanthic, xanthomelanous

Ξείνος (xeinos)=xenoglossia, xenomania, xeroderma, xerox, xerosis
Ξίφος (xifos=sword)=xiphoid, xiphophyllous
Ξύλον (xylon=wood)=xylocarp, xylophone, xylophagous

Ο,ο - (Ό μικρόν -

Οο
Vowel
Omicron)

= NUMBER 70

Ο: In symbol K we learned the meaning of the circle (=κύκλος). The

word κύκλος (=circle) took its name from the bird of prey the hawk
(=kirkinezi), the hawk very common to the Greek mountains, circling the
sky the direction of a circle=(κύκλος) and sounding it's voice
kirk,kirk,kirk giving the words, ΚΙΡΚΟΣ (=circus) ΚΡΙΚΟΣ (=ring).
Cyclops (=Κύκλωπες) took their names of the technique to build their
hut's and all their stables within big and tall walls the shape of a circle liv-
ing a small opening as a passage (Cyclopean walls), therefore the letter
«O» representing my property ΗΟΜΕ (=OIKOΣ)
The abbreviated meaning of ΟΔΟΣ (=ROAD, STREET) Ο=area +Δ=join
or connect +Ο=area +Σ=continuously (ΟΔΟΣ=the connection of
two areas). In sound we circle our lips Ο, The symbol Ω-ω it represents
the double OO=ω=(area in a bigger area). (ΟΡΙΖΟΝ (=HORIZON)
 95

Ο: In symbol K we learned the meaning of the circle (=κύκλος). The

word κύκλος (=circle) took its name from the bird of prey the hawk
(=kirkinezi), the hawk very common to the Greek mountains, circling the
sky the direction of a circle=(κύκλος) and sounding it's voice
kirk,kirk,kirk giving the words, ΚΙΡΚΟΣ (=circus) ΚΡΙΚΟΣ (=ring).
Cyclops (=Κύκλωπες) took their names of the technique to build their
hut's and all their stables within big and tall walls the shape of a circle liv-
ing a small opening as a passage (Cyclopean walls), therefore the letter
«O» representing my property ΗΟΜΕ (=OIKOΣ)
The abbreviated meaning of ΟΔΟΣ (=ROAD, STREET) Ο=area +Δ=join
or connect +Ο=area +Σ=continuously (ΟΔΟΣ=the connection of
two areas). In sound we circle our lips Ο, The symbol Ω-ω it represents
the double OO=ω=(area in a bigger area). (ΟΡΙΖΟΝ (=HORIZON)

ΧΟΡΟΣ=Χορός =DANCE in a small area), =Ο

ΧΩΡΟΣ=Χώρος =space (=AREA big area - land, ocean, universe). =Ω
[Phoenicians thought that«O» was the Eye].

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

OIKOΣ (=ΗΟΜΕ), AREA, SPACE property, village, country, area,
horizon.

Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced different-

ly from the equivalent English letters.

upper case lower case

Ο,ο - (Ό μικρόν - Omicron)
Ο(short) ο
"off" - "hot" - "on" - "oasis" - "hormone"
Few words of symbol Ο from Greek to English
Όαρ (oar)=serial, series, serious -- Οβελός (ovelos)=obelisk
Οδμή (odmi)=odor, odorless -- Οδός (odos)=odometer
Οδούς (odous)=odontic, odontology, dentist, dental, orthodontist
Οιδέω (oideo)=edema -- Οίνος (einos)=vine, wine, vinegar
Οίκος (eicos)=economy, ecocide, ecosystem, economist
Οιστρός (oistros)=estrus, estruation--Οκτώ (octo)=octagonal, octopus,
octane
Ολίγος (oligos)=oligoria, oligosyllable, oligarchy, oligemia, oligodynamic
Ολισθάνω (olisthano=slide -- Ολύμπιος (olympios)=Olympic, Olympiad
Ομαλός (omalos)=anomalous, anomaly -- Όμβρος (omvros)=umbra, om-
brella
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Ομοκλή (omoclei)=exclaim, exclamation, reclamation, reclaim

Ομοίος (omeios)=homeo, homo, homeosis, homeostasis, homeotherapy,
etc, etc
Ομφαλός (omphalos)=omphalic, umbilicus-Ομώνυμος (omonymos)
=homonym
Όνειρος (oneiros)=oneiric, oneirology--Όνυξ (onyx)=onychosis, onychoid
Όνομα (onoma)=onomastic, name, nominal, nominate, nominee
Οξύς (oxys)=oxidant, oxidize, oxygen, oxyosmia, oxycarpous, oxymoron
Οποπή (opopi)=optic, optician -- Οργή (orgi)=orgies, orgiastic
Όρθιος (orthios)=ortho, orthodox, orthodontia, orthology, orthopedic, etc
Όρος (oros)=orogenesis, orogeny -- Οροφή (orofi)=roof
Ορφανός (orphanos)=orphan -- Ορχέομαι (orchaeomae)=orchestra
Οστέον (osteon)=osteopath, ostalgia, osteoid, osteosis, osteology, osteo-
arthritis
Όστρακον (ostracon)=oyster, ostracean, ostrasism, ostracize, ostraco-
derm
Οφθαλμός ophthalmos)=ophthalmic, ophthalmic, ophthalmiatrics, etc, etc

«ΟΜΗΡΟΣ=HOMER NEVER EXISTED»

The word «Όμηρος» (=Homer) meaning (=captured, kept in safety,
stored, imprisoned, hostage). The word ΟΜΟΣ+ΑΡΩ=ΟΜΟ=ΟΜΟΙΟΣ=in
person, I exist, I create, ΑΡΩ=ARO=correlate, together, co-operate, (I
in person created it). (Όμηρος in Greek =kidnapped, captured)
Greek historian Hesiod lines 38-40 is using the word:
[«είρουσαι τά τ' εόντα τά τ' εσσόμενα πρό τ' εόντα, φωνή ομηρεύσαι τών
δ' ακάματος ρέει αυδή εκ στομάτων ηδεία...»]. Explaining that the 9 Muses
kept the information ομηρεύσαι (=saved) of the present, the past, and to
predict statistically the future (oracle). It is almost impossible for a writer
to be anonymous unless his writings lead to his own testimony. The two
epics Odyssey and Iliad were written in explicitly that only the authen-
tic adventurer writer could express with accuracy.
Homer in fact never existed (?*), the epics Odyssey and Iliad were written
by Odysseus him self, and the Muses homer them =(saved them) in the
museums of words (oracles). Was possible for someone to go to the muses
and request randomly a part of the epic or the entire text.
The writer or any anonymous writer in this case requests, begins:
[Tell me, Muse, about the man of many turns, who many Ways wandered
when he had sacked Troy's holy citadel;]
(Άνδρα μοι έννεπε, Μούσα, πολύτροπον, ός μάλα πολλά πλάγχθη, επεί Τροί-
ης ιερόν πτολίεθρον έπερσε·....)

*Others believe homer gather all the scattered scripts to create the two
books. The name of Homer in fact, if ever existed is unknown, Homer
means collector, gatherer, savior, keeper (in ancient Greece names were
altered according the profession or look of the person (example: Plato’s
name was Aristocles, Plato= platus in Greek means "wide, broad, broad-
shouldered, broad forehead widespread, etc.))
 97

3 Photos of Homer with no resemblance

Tell me, Muse, about the man of many turns, who many Ways wan-
dered when he had sacked Troy's holy citadel; He saw the cities of many
men, and he knew their thought; On the ocean he suffered many pains within his
heart, Striving for his life and his companions' return. But he did not save his com-
panions, though he wanted to: They lost their own lives because of their reckless-
ness. The fools, they devoured the cattle of Hyperion, The Sun, and he took away
the day of their return. Begin the tale somewhere for us also, goddess, daughter of
Zeus. Then all the others, as many as escaped sheer destruction, Were at home,
having fled both the war and the sea. Yet he alone, longing for his wife and for a
return, Was held back in a hollowed cave by the queenly nymph Calypso, The di-
vine goddess, who was eager for him to be her husband. But when in the circling
seasons the year came around, The gods spun the thread for him to return to his
home, To Ithaca; and he did not escape struggle there either, Even among his dear
ones. All the gods pitied him, Except Poseidon, who contended unremittingly With
godlike Odysseus, till the man reached his own land. But the god had gone to the
far-off Ethiopians— The Ethiopians, remotest of men, divided asunder, Some where
Hyperion sets, and some where he rises. He was taking part in the sacrifice of bulls
and rams, And enjoyed being present at a feast there. The others Were gathered
together in the halls of Olympian Zeus. The father of men and gods began to speak
among them. In his heart he was remembering excellent Aigisthos Whom Agamem-
non's son, far-famed Orestes, had slain. Thinking of that man, he made his speech
to the immortals: “Well now, how indeed mortal men do blame the gods! They say it
is from us evils come, yet they themselves By their own recklessness have pains
beyond their lot. So this Aigisthos married beyond his lot the lawful Wife of the son
of Atreus, and killed him on his return; Knowing he would be destroyed, since we
told him beforehand: We had sent sharp-eyed Hermes, the slayer of Argos, To tell
him not to kill the man and not to woo his wife, Or payment would come through
Orestes, descendant of Atreus, As soon as he came of age and longed for his own
land. So Hermes told him; but, though of good mind himself, he did not Change Ai-
gisthos' mind. And now he has paid for it all.” Then the bright-eyed goddess Athene
answered him: “Our father, son of Cronos, highest of all rulers, As for that man, he
surely lies in a fitting death. May anyone else also perish who would do such deeds.
But the heart within me is torn over skillful Odysseus, The hard-fated man, who long
suffers griefs far from his dear ones On a flood-circled island where the navel of the
sea is. The island is wooded, a goddess there has her dwelling, The daughter of de-
struction-minded Atlas, who knows The depths of the whole sea, and holds up by
himself The enormous pillars that hold apart earth and heaven. His daughter has
kept back the wretched and grieving man, …, ...
 98

Part of scroll papyrus of Homers text, explained by Alexandrian scholars

home
 99

ΧΟΡΟΣ=Χορός =DANCE in a small area), =Ο

Various selections of Ancient Greek Dancing used till today

Reading music art-gallery

Munich

Zebechkicus (Zeus + Bacchus)

an old Greek dance stretching back to ancient times
The name Zebekikos emerges from the two gods Zeus and Bacchus
(Dionysus was known as Bacchus).
Every dance in Greece has it's
own characteristic and with zef-
bacchikus one is expressing his
feelings some times in sorrow,
love disappointment, social in-
equity, and other times pride,
and conscientious, the dancer is
always of good behavior self
awareness and collectedness.
The dance is generally per-
formed by one person and often
with a companion of male or
female.

Resources of information: mag-

azine Δαυλός (davlos)

Ancient Greeks dancing naked their όρχεις=testicles moving with a rhyth-

mic manner synchronized by the music, emerged the word ορχήματα
=orchaemata and the musicians orchestra.
Ορχέομαι (orchaeomae)=I’m dancing:

The plant Orchids hanging on rocks and on trunks of trees

(The name coming from the Greek Όρχις (órkhis), literally meaning tes-
ticle
 100

Ππ
Consonant Π, π - (Πί - Pe)

= NUMBER 80

Π: This symbol is used in words as προ (=pro or pre in front of other

words) πρωί = before the sun (=morning), προϊστορία
(=prehistory), precaution, etc.
The cavity of the mouth The newborn the first (pre) thing must do is
to breath.
Try to breath out through your mouth loud with your lips slightly closed,
you will hear a pou or puphrrr (= vibrating sound), from this the word
πνοή (=pnoe=breath).
Visually this character describe the passage in or out of an entrance
ΠΕΡΑΣ=PERAS=completion, ΠΥΛΗ=PILEY=entrance-
doorway. the main entrance at the walls of a city, a starting
point, finishing point. ΠΟΡ0Σ=POROS=passage, passing
through, the poles of the earth, the net of the goal keeper.
In symbol «Β» we learned the meaning of the strong violent north wind,
with symbol «Π» the wind is smooth rather pleasant and when the waves
of the sea breaking on rocks with a noise ΠΛΑΓ (=plag), the sea was
named ΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ (=PELAGOS), and the people ΠΕΛΑΣΓΟΙ (=PELASGI
= EARLY NAME OF GREEKS), related words ΠΛΗΓΗ (=WOUND
(WAVES DAMAGING ROOKS).
In the word ΠΟΛΙ=Poli (=CITY), analyzing each abbreviated symbol: [Π
(=is the πύλη (=piley) entrance of the city), - Ο (=within an area for
the ownership of their huts (homes), - Λ (=within walls of bright stone,
clean water, and spoken words to communicate, ΛΑΟΣ (=LAOS
=Nation), (ΛΟΓΟΣ (=SPOKEN WORD and logic), - Ι (=supported by
law and order]. ΠΕΤΡΑ=PETRA=(ROCK—STONE) starting point-boundary-
border, Πηγάδι = well water.
Words: άπας=apas=(total number of people), περί=perimeter=(all-
around the center), παρά=(side of..., πας=pas=(every one, every thing,
every body), Πρό (pro)=problem, prognosis), πριν=prin=(before), Περί=
(peri)=periaxial, periblem.

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

ΠΝΟΗ (BREATH), ΠΩΛΩ (I SELL),
ΠΩΛΟΣ (FOAL- FOR SALLE IN THE CITY),
ΠΡΟ (PRE) IN FRONT OF
ΠΟΛΙ=Poli (=CITY) - ΠΗΓΙ PIGI=source of
OTHER WORD (=beginning) supply, source of revenue, source of light,
source of water, etcetera)

Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced different-

ly from the equivalent English letters.

ΠΕΤΡΑ=PETRA=(ROCK—STONE) (your faith is like a petra from this day

your name shall be Petros=(Peter) Jesus Christ
 101

Ππ

ΠΥΛΗ=PILEY=entrance-doorway. the main entrance at the walls of a city

Linear B
 102

upper case lower case

Π =p π Π, π - (Πί - Pe)

"pen" - "pony" - "past" - "precaution" -

"Peter"
Few words of symbol Π from Greek to English
Παλαιός (paleos)=paleo, paleology, Paleolithic, paleozoology, etc

Παλλάς (palas)=palladium--Πάλιν (palin)=palindrome, palingenesis, pal-

Παλάμη (palami)=palm, palpable--Πάλλω (pallo)=palpitate, palpitation

Πάππας (papas)=παπα(=father)-- Παραπλήξ (papaplix)=paraplegia, para-
plegic
Παρά (para)=paradox, parasite, paraxial, parameter, paradigm, and many
more
Πάς (pas=pan)=pan, panacea, panorama, pantheism, pantomine, panurgic,

Πάσχω (pascho)=patho, pathology, patience, pathos--Πάτος (patos)

Πατρίς (patris)=patriot, patronym, patrimony, patronize, patriarch

Παύρος (pavros)=poverty, poor--Παχύς (pachis)=pachynsis, pachyderm

Πεδάω+Πέδη (pedao+pedi)=pedal, pedology-Παίς (paes)=pediatric, ped-

Περί (peri)=periaxial, periblem, period, perilous, periscope, peristasis, peri-
tomy
Πέτρη (πετρι)=petrify, petroleum--Πλανάω (planao)=planet, plane
Πλήθος (plithos)=plural, plethora--Πνέω (pneo)=pneuma, pneumatic, etc

Ποινή (pini=punish, penal, penalize, penalty--Πόλις (polis)=police, politic,

Πολύς (polys)= poly-, polyandry, polyarchy. polycarpy, polytheist, etc, etc,
etc
Πόσις (posis)=possibility, potent, potential--Πούς (pous)=podiatry, podag-
ra
Πρό (pro)=problem, prognosis, prologue, prophesy, prostate, product

Πρώτος (protos)=protocol, prototype--Πυλαωρός (pylaoros)=pilotis, pylo-

Πύρ (pyr)=pyrolatry, pyrolysis, pyromania, pyrophobia, pyrosis, pyrostat,
pyre
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Pegasus - Πήγασος and Medusa - Μέδουσα

Ancient Greeks had full
awareness of the existence of
land beyond the Atlantic
Ocean
In Theogony Ancient Greek his-
torian (Hesiod (8th - 7th century
B.C.) Theogony is a mythologi-
cal code of facts, the pre-
philosophic and pre-scientific
progress of the Paleolithic
Greeks

Hesiod Theogony (Ancient Hesiod Theogony (modern Greek:

Greek: Lines 270-280) L i n e s 2 7 0 - 2 8 0 )
Φόρκυι δ ' αύ Κητώ Γραίας τέ- [Και στο Φόρκυνα η Κητώ γέννη-
κε καλλιπάρήους εκ γενετής σε τις Γραίες τις ομορφομάγουλες
πολιάς. τάς δή Γραίας καλέου- απ’ τη γέννησή τους γκρίζες· αυτές
σιν αθάνατοί τε θεοί χαμαί ερ- τις λένε Γραίες κι οι αθάνατοι θεοί
χόμενοί τ ' άνθρωποι, Πεμφρη- κι οι άνθρωποι που έρχονται χάμω
δώ τ ' εύπεπλον Ενυώ τε κρο- την ομορφόπεπλη Πεμφριδώ και
κόπεπλον, Γοργούς θ' , αί ναί- την κροκόπεπλη Ενυώ και τις Γορ-
ουσι πέρην κλυτού Ωκεανοίο γούς που κατοικούν περ’ απ’ τον
εσχατιή πρός νυκτός, ίν ' Ε- ξακουστό Ωκεανό στην άκρη κοντά
σπερίδες λιγύφωνοι, Σθεννώ τ στην Νύχτα, όπου είναι οι καθαρό-
' Ευρυάλη τε Μέδουσα τε λυ- φωνες Εσπερίδες, η Σθεννώ κι η
γρά παθούσα` η μέν έην θνη- Ευρυάλη κι η Μέδουσα που βαριά
τή, αι δ ' αθάνατοι και αγήρω, έπαθε. Αυτή ήταν θνητή, οι άλλες
αι δύο` τή δέ μιή παρελέξατο αθάνατες κι αγέραστες, οι δύο· κο-
Κυανοχαίτης εν μαλακώ λειμώ- ντά στη μια κοιμήθηκε ο Γαλοζο-
νι και άνθεσιν ειαρινοίσι. της μάλλης (Ποσειδώνας) σε μαλακό
ότε δή Περσεύς κεφαλήν απε- λιβάδι κι ανοιξιάτικα λουλούδια.
δειροτόμησεν, έκθορε Χρυσά- Απ’ αυτήν όταν ο Περσέας της α-
ωρ τε μέγας και Πήγασος πόκοψε το κεφάλι ξεπήδησε ο με-
ίππος. γάλος Χρυσάορας και το άλογο
Πήγασος].

We read Hesiod: translation lines 270 - 280:

At the farthest end beyond the renowned Atlantic Ocean near the
night dwell the clear-voiced Εσπερίδες (=Hesperides) their names Σθεννώ
=Sthainno), Ευρυάλη (=Euryali), and Μέδουσα (=Medusa)
«Medusa» unfortunate, she died because she was mortal, the other two
immortal and well kept-young, there God Poseidon has slept on mild and
spring flowery fields.
(=tropical islands of the Caribbean, sthainno=narrow, euryali=long
shores). (Here is made clear that ancient Greeks had full aware-
ness of the existence of land beyond the Atlantic Ocean)
 104

continue: Hesiod Theogony Modern Greek: Lines 280-281

(Ancient Greek: Lines 280-281) [Απ’ αυτήν όταν ο Περσέας της
τής ότε δή Περσεύς κεφαλήν α- απόκοψε το κεφάλι ξεπήδησε ο
πεδειροτόμησεν, έκθορε Χρυσά- μεγάλος Χρυσάορας και το
ωρ τε μέγας καί Πήγασος ίππος. άλογο Πήγασος]

We read Hesiod: translation lines 280 - 281:

After Perseus cut off the head of Medusa sprung out the great Chrysao-
rus and the winged Horse Pegasus.

(Pegasus (=Πήγασος) the word Πηγή, (=source of cloud, source of inspi-

ration, source of supply, source of revenue, source of light, source of wa-
ter, etcetera).

The 3 Hesperides are 3 different parts of land (islands) one blown up on

a violent volcanic eruption then sank, on continuation unblocking the warm
current from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean.

(Pegasus (=white winged Horse symbolizes the fog and the ris-
ing clouds when the warm stream current reaches the cold north
Atlantic and north-western Europe).

continue: Hesiod Theogony modern Greek: Lines 284-285-

(Ancient Greek: Lines 284-285 286
-286) [Κι αυτός πετώντας τη γή, τη μη-
χώ μέν αποπτάμενος, προλιπών τέρα τών κοπαδιών, έφτασε στους
χθόνα μητέρα μήλων, ίκετ ' ες α- αθάνατους· και κατοικεί στα δώ-
θανάτους· Ζηνός δ ' εν δώμασι ματα του Δία και τη βροντή και
ναίει βροντήν τε στεροπήν τε φέ- την αστραπή φέρνει στο νοητή
ρων Διί μητιόεντι· Δία].

We read Hesiod: translation lines 284 - 285 - 286:

Pegasus flew over the land, the mother land of flock of cows, and came to
the immortal Gods and dwelt near Zeus (Zeus God of rain) given him the
lightening and the thunder.
(Here is made clear that Pegasus is a cloud who brings lightening
and thunder).

Hesiod at 800 BC. to be able to write his book is seeking information from
the muses, (Απ’ τις μούσες ν’ αρχίσουμε τραγούδι, τις Ελικωνιάδες,
… from the muses to begin a song those from the Helicon moun-
tains...) The muses kept information from the past, long before Hesiod’s
interests to write or copy the events to his book, this proves that writing
was a technique that only few people knew, perhaps 99,9% of the popula-
tion were illiterate at that time.
 105

Images of Medusa in middle and south America

(Inca-Aztec? art)
Medusa holding Pegasus, notice the hem-line of the dress with the Greek
symbol (Μαίανδρος-meander=Greeks living elsewhere)
(Inca-Aztec? sculpture)

continue: Hesiod Theogony Modern Greek: Lines 319-325

(Ancient Greek: Lines 319-325) Κι αυτή γέννησε τη Χίμαιρα
Η δέ Χίμαιραν έτικτεπνέουσαν που πνέει ακατάσχετη φωτιά,
αμεμάκετον πύρ, δειννήν τε με- φοβερή και μεγάλη και γριγο-
γάλην τε ποδώκεά τε κρατερήν ρόποδη και γερή κι αυτή είχε
τε. τής ήν τρεΐς κεφαλαί· μία μέν τρία κεφάλια· ένα λαμπερομάτη
χαροποΐο λέοντος, η δέ χιμαίρης, λέοντα, ένα γίδας, ένα φιδιού,
η δ'όφιος κρατεροΐο δράκοντος. γερού δράκοντα, μπροστά λιο-
[πρόσθε λέων, όπιθεν δέ δρά- ντάρι, πίσω δράκοντας, στη μέ-
κων, μέσση δέ χίμαιρα, δεινόν ση γίδα, αποπνέοντας φοβερή
αποπνείουσα πυρός μένος αιθο- δύναμη φλογερής φωτιάς. Αυτή
μένοιο]. τήν μέν Πήγασος είλε νίκησε ο Πήγασος κι ο ευγενής
καί εσθλός Βελλεροφόντης. Βελλεροφόντης.

We read Hesiod: translation lines 319 - 325:

Chimera who breaths out illimitable fire, great, frightening and swift, she
had 3 heads one of a lion, one of a goat, and one of snake like dragon, in
front lion, at the back dragon, and in the middle goat, and she breaths out
tremendous force of fire. She was defeated by Pegasus and the gentle
Vellerofontis (he tamed Pegasus), (Chimera= extreme whether conditions
winter, very hot summer).

[Pegasus the cloud extinguishes the fire with rain.]

 106

The island group of Baha-

mas (Spanish ba-
jamar,"shallow water"),
occupies an irregular sub-
marine tableland that rises
out of the Atlantic depths
and is separated from
nearby lands to the south
and west by deepwater
channels. Lying to the
north of Cuba and Hispan-
iola, the archipelago com-
nearly 700 islands and cays only 22 of
[Excerpt taken from Ency-
which are occupied.
clopedia Britannica]

The 3 islands Cuba, Haiti, and Bahamas:

The bright blue shallow waters surrounding the Bahamas, where once
one adjoin big island causing the blocking of the Gulf stream warm cur-
rent, to flow through the Atlantic and it was sank about 10.000 years
ago?. Florida, Straits of, channel between the southern tip of Florida and
the island of Cuba, linking the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Trav-
ersed by the Gulf Stream, the channel is about 485 km long and from 80
to 240 km wide.

The Gulf Stream, warm current

of the North Atlantic Ocean,
flowing in a generally north-
eastern direction from the
Straits of Florida to the Grand
Banks, east and south of New-
foundland Island. The term is
often extended to include the
North Atlantic Drift, which flows
from the Grand Banks to the
shores of western Europe, Scan-
dinavia, and the eastern islands
of the Arctic Ocean. The Gulf
Stream is of great climatological
importance because of its mod-
erating effects on the climate of
western Europe.

(Placing an island anywhere in the Atlantic will not block the stream, but
only between Florida and Cuba).
 107

Scientific ascertainments:
Center of geological research Lamont university of Colombia ascer-
tained that at 10.000 B.C. big land sank and the temperature was risen in
the Atlantic.
Russian geophysicist ascertained that the Gulf Stream, warm current
reached the north Arctic Ocean at about 10-8.000 B.C., before that was
blocked by a land, he assumed that it was Atlantis.

Why would Athena, a goddess of War of Athens Greece, be

carrying a shield that has a face in its center which match-
es a face found in the center of the Aztec calendar?

Aztec calendar

Pre-Inca Greek presents

Stratis Hatgivlastis 2006 © on Pegasus research

 108

We read Hesiod: translation lines 280 - 281:

After Perseus cut off the head of Medusa sprung out the great Chrysao-
rus and the winged Horse Pegasus.

Medusa - Μέδουσα
Land full of cane and snakes, an unin-
habited island
The head of the island have been cut
off as a result of the shallow waters
today the missing pick of the island

Chrysaorus - Χρυσάορας
Chrysos = Gold + oros = mountain (Volcano running golden lava)

Vellerofontes - Βελλεροφόντης = he tamed Pegasus

(the wind directing Pegasus)
[Βελος = Velos = arrow, direction of wind, velocity.

Pegasus (=Πήγασος) the word Πηγή, (=source of cloud, source

of inspiration, source of supply, source of revenue, source of light,
source of water, etcetera).

ΠΟΣΕΙΔΩΝ=POSEIDON=pose + tightness (you can’t walk across

the sea, your legs are tighten ).

We read Hesiod: translation lines 270 - 280:

At the farthest end beyond the renowned Atlantic Ocean near the
night dwell the clear-voiced Εσπερίδες (=Hesperides) their names Σθεννώ
(=Sthainno), Ευρυάλη (=Euryali), and Μέδουσα (=Medusa) «Medusa» un-
fortunate, she died because she was mortal, the other two immortal and
well kept-young, there God Poseidon has slept on mild and spring flow-
ery fields (=tropical islands of the Caribbean, sthainno=strong and
helthy, euryali=long shores).

Ευρυάλη (=Euryali = Ευρυ=wide, long + αλη (γιαλός) =shores

(island with long shores)
Σθεννώ (=Sthainno) =Σθένος=forceful, powerful, strong

home
 109

Ρρ
Consonant Ρ,ρ = (Ρώ - Rhô)

= NUMBER 100

Ρ: (=R) This symbol is on the run mostly water running until it stops to-

wards the sea, lake, or pond . The sound is the running water,
ΡΡΡΡΡ=RRRRRR.
ΡΟΗ (=Roe) Runny water or liquid), Βροχή=vrohe(=rain), Ρυά-
κι=riaki (=rill), Ρήτορ=ritor(=orator-speech maker),

ΡΑΒΔΟΣ=ravdos(=rod,bar), sun's rays, ΡΥΘΜΟΣ(=RHYTHM), Ρή-

ξις=riksis(=throw), etc.

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

movement, rhythm, direction, ΡΑΒΔΟΣ=(=rod, bar), ΡΕΩ=(I AM RUN-
to point NING), ΦΟΡΑ=(DIRECTION)

Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced differently

from the equivalent English letters.

upper case lower case Ρ,ρ = (Ρώ - Rhô)

Ρ =R ρ =r
OriginallyR or P visually and in sound is the
same, Europeans using P as Π

"red" - "Rex" - "road" - "run" - "reed" -

"wrong"
Not to confuse the Latin P with the Greek Π - or the Latin R
with the Greek Ρ

Few words of symbol Ρ from Greek to English

Ρέω (reo)=rheum, diarrhea, hematorrhea, run--Ρίζα (riza)=root, rhi-
zome
Ρήγνυμι (rignimi)=hemorrhagia, rhexis, fragile, fragment, rrhexis
Ρηίδιος (riidios)=radios, radiation, radial, radio, radiotherapy
Ρίγος (rigos)=frigid, frigidness, refrigeration
Ρίς (ris)=rhinoscope, rhinal, rhinic, rhinoceros
Ρόδον (rodon)=rose, rosebud, rosebush, rosewater
Ρόος (roos)=rheum, rheumatic, rheumatism
Ρικνός (ricnos)=wrinkle -- Ράπτω (rapto)=rhapsody
 110
home

Σσ
Consonant Σ,σ,ς - (Σίγμα -
Sigma) ς
= NUMBER 200

Σ,σ,ς: We should keep in mind the condition of the Greek mountainous

land, of pine and other conifererous trees, when the wind is blowing, the
branches σείει (=shake) move back and forth in a continues non
stop movement, leaving an endless sound of (ΣΣΣΣΣΣ (=SSSSS).
Also the sea wavelets give a similar sound, and also shrubs and grasses
on wind.
Σεισμοί (=earthquakes) shake the land, a well known phenomenon to
Greece from ancient times with almost 20 volcanoes, have marked the
landscape, Σταθμός (=Station=coming and going continuously).

Σοφός, φιλόσοφος=sophist philosopher=friendly to knowledge: analyzing

the word "Σο-φός" σο=σ=moving-searching back and forth, o=the sur-
roundings, φώς=light=enlightenment to the brain -ς=repeatedly
(φ-ώ-ς=light-ω=οο=universal)
σ at the end of a word changes to ς

ΣΕΛΗΝΗ SELENE =(moon)= Σελήνη… the name originating from the ΣΕ-
ΛΑΣ SELAS= aurora Borealis (bright light) in Greek mythology and religion
the SELENE ΣΕΛΗΝΗ =MOON is the month. According to Isiodus theogony
SELENE =MOON is Hyperion’s (galaxy) daughter and sister of dawn and the
sun, the sun that gives light to them because of their relation.

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

Σείει (shake) move back and forth Σειρήν (siren),
in a continues non stop movement Σήθω =κωσκινίζω (I sift)

Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced differently

from the equivalent English letters.
upper case lower case

Σ =s σ = ς Σ,σ,ς - (Σίγμα -Sigma) ς

"say" - "spring" - "snow" - "stop" - "salt"

- "smoke"
Σ (is added at the end of a word providing a sex ratio (gender)
(ΑΥΤΟΣ- αυτός (=he),
(ΑΥΤΗ - αυτή (=her), σ at the end of a word changes to ς
(ΑΥΤΟ - αυτό (=this).

Few words of symbol Σ from Greek to English

 111

Σάλπιξ (salpinx)=salpinx, salpingitis--Σάνδαλον (sandalon)=sandal Σά-

ος=σώος (saos=soos)=safe, safeness, sos, save, savior Σάρξ (sarks)
=sarcophagus, sarcoma, sarcosis, sarcoplasm Σειρή (siri)=series, serial--
Σειρήν (sirin)=siren--Σθένος (sthenos)=asthenic Σείω (seio)=seism, seis-
mology, seismometer--Σελήνη (selini)=selenium Σιγή (sigi)=silence, si-
lent--Σκάπτω (skapto)=excavate, excavation Σκέπτομαι (sceptomae)
=spectacle, spectacular, spectator - Σκιόεις (skiois)=obscure, skiagram,
skiascope Σκολιός (scolios)=scoliosis--Σκοπός (skopos)=scope, telescope
Σκότος (scotos)=Scotia, shoot--Σοφός (sophos)=Sophia, sophism, sophist
Σπείρον (speiron)=spiral, spire--Σπέος (speos)=speos, speleology
Σπέρμα (sperma)=sperm, spermatology--Σπιδής (spidis)=space, spacious
Σπόγγος (spongos)=sponge, spongy--Σπονδή (spondi)=spondaic
Στάζω (stazo)=stalactite, stagonometer--Σταθμός (stathmos)=station
Στατός (statos)=statue, status--Στέρνον (sternon)=sternum, sternotomy
Στείνος (stinos)=stenosis, stenocardia, stenothorax
Στείρη (steiri)=sterile, sterilize, stereogram, stereognosis
Στήθος (stithos)=stethoscope, stetheometer
Στόμαχος (stomachos)=stomach--Στρεπτός (streptos)=streptococcus
Στρατός (stratos)=strategic, stratosphere--Σφαίρα (sfera)=spherical
Στρεύγομαι (strevgomae)=strangle, strain
Συλλέγω (syllego)= syllogism, colect, collective, collection
Σύμβολον (symvolon)=symbol, symbolism, symbolize
Σύμφωνος (symphonos)=symphonic, symphony, symphonic
Σύν (syn)=syllable, symmetry, sympathy, symptom, synagogue, syndicate,
syntax, synopsis, synthetic, synonym, synchronize, syndicate, synod, etc,
etc
Σίβυλλα= civilla= Gods will-command = to Latin civil, civilization

Σβάστικα = Swastika symbol of good luck and prosperity

home
 112

Consonant
Ττ Τ,τ - (Ταύ - Tau)

= NUMBER 300

Τ: The hammer (=tool) «τύκον» . Cyclops (=Κύκλωπες) the early peo-

ple of the Greek mountains where the first to create their huts, stables and
barns within walls (Cyclopean walls) they became excellent stone carv-
ers. Words ΤΕΧΝΗ (=SKILL-technique - technology - architect. Tίκτω
(to bear) (Ι create new life (give birth).

ΤΟΙΧΟΣ (=shortWALL)+ΤΕΙΧΟΣ (=longWALL) see the difference of

the word ΤΟΙΧΟΣ and ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, let us analyze the word to find the mean-
ing ( Τ= the tool to shape the stone), (O = area my house), (I = to stand
on secure land which is the X = χθών=earth), (O = area, city, country),

(ΤΗΕ first Ο represents the home), (and the Ε represents unlim-

ited length of work of a city wall, [ΤΟΙΧΟΣ =SMALL WALL- ΤΕΙΧΟΣ
=LONG WALL]. (same word different meaning)

Τυρός-Tyros (=cheese), (The technique of making cheese)

[ Homer's - Iliad «επί δ` αίγειον κνή τύρον» (=he grated on top
goat's cheese)].
ΤΑΛΑΡΟΣ= talaros straw basket to carry things in it for measuring goods
for sale, from Talaros - emerges the word DOLLAR using a similar
basket as a strainer for making soft cheese.

ΤΕΙΧΟΣ= long walls of

a city, the Chinese wall
unlimited size E=work
ΤΟΙΧΟΣ= wall of the
house a restricted area
From an Ancient Greek dictionary small area O=my home
Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:
ΤΕΧΝΗ (SKILL-technique) ΤΟΙΧΟΣ (WALL),TOOL

upper case lower case

T τ Τ,τ - (Ταύ - Tau)

Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced different-

ly from the equivalent English letters.

"technology"-"time" - test" - "top"

 113

Few words of symbol T from Greek to English

Τάλαντον (talanton)=talent, talented -- Τάπης (tapis)=tapestry
Τάλας (talas)=toil, toilsome, tolerance, tolerate, tolerable
Ταύρος (tavros)=taurus, tauromachy -- Τάφος (taphos)=epitaph
Ταχύς (tachys)=tachycardia, tachiarithmhia, tachyrrythmia
Τείνω (teino)=tend, tendency, tendon, tension, tent, intensity, tetanus
Τέκτων (tecton)=architect, tectonic -- Τέλλω (tello)=tell
Τέρας (teras)=teratoid, teratogenesis, teratoma, teratogeny
Τέρμα (terma)=terminal, termination, terminate, terminus
Τέσσαρα (tessara)=tetrabasic, tetrahedral, tetractys, tetragon
Τέχνη (techni)=techno, technician, technic, technical, technology, etc, etc
Τήλε (tile)=telegram, telepathy, telephone, telescope, teletherapy
Τίθημι (tithimi)=theme, thematic, apothecary--Τρόπαιον (tropeon)
Τομή (tomi)=tomography, tomogram, anatomy
Τόξον (toxon)=toxic, toxemic, toxin, toxoid--Τρίαινα (triaena)=trident
Τράγος (tragos)=tragedian, tragedy, tragically, tragopodia
Τρέμω (tremo)=tremble, tremor, tremendous, terrorist, terrorism
Τρέπω (trepo)=tropic, tropical, trope, tropics
Τρέφω (trepho)=trophic, atrophic, trophotherapy, threptic, thrombosis
Τρίζω (trizo)=stridence, stridulate--Τρίβω (trivo)=trivia, triviality
Τρίπλαξ (triplax)=trinal, trine, trinity, triplet, tripod, trisyllable
Τρώω (troo)=trauma -- Τύμβος (tymvos)=tomb, tombstone
Τύραννος (tyranos)=tyrant, tyranny, tyrannical
Τυφλός (tyflos=blind)=typhlosis, typhloid

T= ΤΕΧΝΗ (SKILL-technique)

ENGLISH IS GREEK!!! (This text was found in an English magazine of technology)

"The genesis of classical drama was not symptomatic. An euphoria of char-
ismatic and talented protagonists showed fantastic scenes of historic epi-
sodes. The prologue, the theme and the epilogue, comprised the trilogy of
drama while synthesis, analysis and synopsis characterized the phraseolo-
gy of the text. The syntax and phraseology used by scholars, academicians
and philosophers in their rhetoric, had many grammatical idioms and idio-
syncrasies. The protagonists periodically used pseudonyms. Anonymity was
a syndrome that characterized the theatrical atmosphere. The panoramic
fantasy, the mystique, the melody, the aesthetics, the use of the cosmetic
epithets are characteristics of drama.
 114

DAEDALUS AND ICARUS CONSTRUCT WINGS TO

ESCAPE FROM THE MINOAN CRETE

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 115

Υυ
Vowel Υ,υ - (Ύ ψιλόν
- Ypsilon)

= NUMBER 400

Υ: =The cavity, cup any word that begins or includes symbol «Y»
represents water or liquid substance, Using the inner hand (cavity)
to capture water for drinking.

Words of objects with a cavity κύμα (=wave), βυ-

θός (=bottom of the sea), αύλαξ (=channel),
ΥΔΩΡ (=WATER), ΥΓΡΟΣ (=WET), ΥΙΟΣ(=SON
-born from moist womb), ΥΜΗΝ (=thin skin -
the membrane of a virgin), ΥΛΗ (=material),
ΥΨΟΣ- height (=sea level altitude). ΥΔΡΟ...
(=HYDRO) - hydroelectricity - hydrolysis. etc,
etc.

ΥΒΡΙΣ=HUBRIS (=swear-abusive language). Analyzing the word

«ΥΒΡΙΣ» Υ (=spit out from moist mouth) Β (=with force violent words),
Ρ=r (=throw to a specific direction), Ι (=ill, wicked, poison words), Σ
(=repetitively).

To those who don't speak and read Greek the word ΥΒΡΙΣ has no mining,
but the analysis reveal some results, this technique can be useful to ana-
lyze and understand most of the meaning of ancient Greek words.

Meaningful extensions:
Code meaning:
Using the glass-
ΚΟΙΛΟΤΗΣ (cavity), Liquid, cup as symbol Y
ύλη= elements melting mater

Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced different-

ly from the equivalent English letters.
upper case lower case

Y υ=y Υ,υ - (Ύ ψιλόν - Ypsilon)

"bay" - "way" - "gray" - "play" - "flay"-

"Every" - "fray"
Few words of symbol Y from Greek to English
 116

Υγιής (hygiis)=hygeian, hygiene, hygienics, hygiology, hygienic

Ύδωρ (ydor)=hydro, hydrate, hydrocele, hydroelectric, hydrodynamics,
hydrops, hydroscope, hydria, hydraulic, hydrogen, hydrochloric, hydrotech-
nics, etc, etc
Υμέναιος (ymeneos)=hymen, hymeneal--Ύμνος (ymnos)=hymn, hymnal
Ύπατος-υπέρτατος (ypatos)=supreme, supremacy
Υπέρ (yper)=hyper, hyperbol, hyperhidrosis, hyperenergia, hyperphysical,
etc,etc
Ύπνος (ypnos)=hypnosis, hypnotic, hypnotism, hypnobatia
Υπό (ypo)=hypo, hypocrite, hypoglossal, hyposmia, hypothesis, hypother-
mia, etc
Ύστερος (ysteros)=hysteria, hysteron, hysteromania, hysterography
Υψόω (ypsoo)=hypsometer, hypsography, hypsotherapy

Source Periodical Davlos

We will notice that only Greek words with a “Y” describe objects
with concave and convex shapes plus liquids and wet and moist.
The reason that firstly the symbol letters appeared first as building
bricks for the Greek language, it is also important to know that the
3 symbols “Υ- Η - Ι“ have the same phonetic sound but have dif-
ferent meanings.

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 117

Consonant
Φφ Φ,φ - (Φί - Fe)

= NUMBER 500

Φ: The lantern to hold and carry fire and light. Symbol Φ emerged from
symbol Π (=ph), the dictionary H. Liddell & R. Scot, write, in many Greek
dialects symbol Φ, has changed to π - Β and Θ.
In sound, to start a fire we need to puff ΦΟΥ (=phou), to blow off a
candle we φού=phou. (breath out from your lungs mouth and lips)
Words begining with «Φ» φωτιά =fire, Φάρος =light house, Φώς =light,
φανάρι =lantern, φότο =photo, etc.
Apollo god of light (no God of the sun) worshiped by the Greeks for the
gift of brightness from the sun giving them the opportunity to under-
stand what he see’s and to examine them plus other things of nature.
Paleolithic Greeks of the rocky mountains, striking two flint-stones togeth-
er, to emit sparkle and to start up fire using dry straw or tinder.
In Greek «Theogony» (the origin or genealogy of the gods) Prometheus
father of the Greeks he stole the fire* from Zeus and give it to humans.

ωτιά =fire, «Αλλά μιν εξαπάτησεν εύς πάις Ιαπετοίο

κλέψας ακαμάτοιο πυρός τηλέσκοπον αυγήν
άρος=lighthouse, εν κοίλω νάρθηκι».
*(fire to the mind= the inspiration of tech-
ανός=roof-light, nology. Related words: ΦΑΩ=φωτίζω, φέγγω
(=I give light), ΦΥΓΗ (=escape, flight, exo-
ανάρι=lantern, dus)

φ in Phoenician described as Qoph=monkey (perhaps if you have a closer

look at the character it resembles the monkey the two eyes and the tail) ,
because when they adopted this symbol from the Greeks they didn't knew
the meaning of it, this symbol emits Φώς=light. The abbreviated meaning
of ΦΩΣ= Φ=is the source of light, Ω=οο space within bigger space the uni-
verse, Σ= continuously.

The difference between Φ and F:

Symbol F also used in early Greece, named digamma (=double-
gama Γ- Γ one on top of the other) and was pronounced between
the F and the V, Fοίνος= Οίνος=(vinum, Vino (Ital.+Span.), Vin
(Fr.), Wein (Ger.), Wine (Eng.)

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

ΦΩΣ (LIGHT), ΦΥΣΙΣ (NATURE), ΦΑΩ=φωτίζω, φέγγω, (=I give light)
ΦΕΡΩ (=bring) ΦΩΤΙΑ (FIRE)
ENLIGHTENMENT ΦΑΡΟΣ (LIGHT HOUSE)
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Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced differently

from the equivalent English letters.

upper case lower case

Φ =ph=f φ =ph=f
Φ,φ - (Φί - Fe)

"fox" - "photo" - "fish" - "fire" - "fast" -

"physical"
Few words of symbol Φ from Greek to English

Φαίνω (phaeno)= phenomenon, phenomenal, phantom, fantasy

Φάλαγξ (phalanx)=phalanx, phalanges--Φάρος (pharos=lighthouse)
=pharos
Φάος (phaos)=photo, photosynthesis, photopia, photography, photolysis,
etc
Φάρμακον (pharmacon)=pharmaceutical, pharmacist, pharmacology

Φάρυνξ (pharynx)=pharynx, pharingology--Φήμη (pheimy)=fame, fa-

Φέρω (fero)=phor, differ, different, deferment, inference, reference, infer,

Φθόγγος (phthongos)=diphthong--Φλέγω (phlaego)=flame, flammable

Φίλος (philos)=philanthropy, philological, philosopher, philately, philozoic
Φλέγμα (phlegma)=phlegmon, phlegmatic, phlegm
Φλέψ (phleps)=phlebitis, phleborrhagia, phlebostenosis, phlebology
Φόβος (phovos)=phobia, many many phobias -- Φολκός (folcos)=false,
falsity
Φοίνιξ (phinix=purple color)=phenix, Phoenix -- Φυγή (phygei)=fugitive,

Φράζω (phrazo)=phrase, periphrasis, phraseology, periphrasis

Φρήν (phrein)=phrenetic, phrenology, phrenasthenia

Φρήτρη (fritri)=brother, brotherhood, fraternal -- Φρήξ (frix)=horror, hor-

Φύλλον (phyllon)=phyllod, phyllome, phylloid, phylloxera, phyllophagus

Φύσις (physis)=physic, physical, physician, physiology, physicist
Φωνή (phoni)=phone, phonics, phonograph, phonometer, microphone

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 119

Consonant
Χχ Χ,χ - (Χί - Khe)

= NUMBER 600

Χ=h: Χαρά (=Happiness), χα χα χα - χι χι χι (=ha ha ha - he he he - ho

ho ho, burst into a (loud) laugh), causing to open the mouth. Symbol
«Χ» turned or placed in any position, is the tool that keeps open a hole,
cavity, draw well or mine. In many Greek dialects symbol Χ is replaced with
Κ and often as ΚΧ (=CH). Ακτίνες(=rays) Χ(=he). In fact the Greek X
means the unknown, chaos. In many languages, X-radiation is called
Röntgen radiation, after Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, who is generally credited
as its discoverer, and who had named it X-radiation to signify an unknown
type of radiation. (Greek Χάος =Chaos, replacing X with ch)
X is the unknown not to confuse the Latin X= to the Greek Ξ (look for
symbol Ξ) Words: ΧΑΟΣ (=CHAOS), ΧΑΣΜΑ (=CHASM, GAP), CAVE,
ΧΡΟΝΟΣ (=time), ΧΕΙΜΩΝ (=winter), ΧΙΩΝ (=snow), ΧΕΙΜΑ
(=deluge), ΧΕΙΡ (=HAND= handful - fistful=is the cavity of the
hand to grasp and work with).
In cold whether to warm our hands we blow in them χού χού=hou
hou in the cavity of our hands.
(Hesiod works and days) «έργον δ` ουδέν όνειδος, αεργίη δε τ`
όνειδος» ) (=any work you do, not to be ashamed of, but to be
ashamed, if you don't work).

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

ΧΑΟΣ (=chaos), ΧΑΣΜΑ (=chasm, ΧΙ=hi (=χαρά = happiness),
gap), a hole, cavity on ground ΧΕΙΡ (=hand), ΧΘΩΝ (under
earth)
ΧΡΟΝΟΣ =XRONOS =TIME

X= ΧΡΟΝΟΣ =CHRONOS =TIME (hourglass=X)

In Hesiod's theogony: Chaos (Χάος) The dark,

silent abyss from which all things came into exist-
ence. According to the Theogony of Hesiod, χά-
ος=Chaos generated the solid mass of Earth, the
same time which arose the starry, cloud-filled
Heaven. Mother Earth and Father Heaven, personi-
fied respectively as Gaea and her offspring Uranus,
were the parents of the Titans. Other children of
Chaos included Tartarus and Erebus. In a later the-
ory, χάος=Chaos is the formless matter from which
the cosmos, or harmonious order, was created.
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Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced different-

ly from the equivalent English letters.

upper case lower case

Χ,χ - (Χί - Khe)
Χ =KH - CH χ
"home" - "human" - "hot" - "heart" - "heat" - "heater"

Χάζομαι (chazomae)=chaos, chasm, chaotic-Χαρίεις (chariis)=charming,

charm
Χαμαί (chamae)=humiliate, humility, chamomile--Χίμαιρα (chimaera)
=chimera
Χειμέριος (cheimaerios)=hibernal--Χθών (chthon)=chthonic, chthonian
Χείρ (cheir)=chiropractic, chiroplasty, chiropodist
Χλωρός (chloros)=chloral, chlorophyll, chloric, chlorine, hydrochloric
Χόλος (cholos)=choleric, cholesterine, chololith, cholesterol
Χρόνος (chronos)=chronic, chronicle, chronography, chronometry
Χρώς (chros)=chrom, chronoscope, chromatics, chromocite, chromogen

Consonant
Ψψ Ψ,ψ - (Ψί - Psi - fsi)

= NUMBER 700

Ψ: This is a double symbol replacing ΠΣ and ΦΣ, that was at earlier times,
ΠΕΛΟΠΣ, ΑΡΑΠΣ. Symbols Π and Φ are consonants, sounds of the lips of
the mouth,
ΦΣΥΧΗ=ΨΥΧΗ=φύσιν-έχει (=psyche, soul), ΨΑΜΑΘΟΣ=άμμος
(=sand), ΨΕΥΔΟΣ (=lie, falsity), ΨΑΡ (=birds flying in groups),
ΨΑΥΩ=ψάω=εγγίζω (=to touch).

Visually symbol Ψ resembles symbol Φ the only difference sym-

bol Ψ as lantern has no top cover, as a result the flame to go
out on a breeze or wind sounding (fss). Like the ψυ-
χή=psyche=soul goes out of the mouth of a dying. Words with
escaping meaning.

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

ΨΙ=ΨΑΥΕΙΝ (TOUCH), ΨΑΛΩ (sing), ΨΑΡΟΝΙΑ=fling birds
ΨΥΧΗ (soul), ΨΥΧΡΟΣ (COLD) or fish ΨΙΛΟΣ (height)
 home 121

Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced differently

from the equivalent English letters.

upper case lower case

Ψ =ps=πσ=φσ=fs ψ Ψ,ψ - (Ψί - Psi -

"psychoanalysis"- "psalm" - "psychiatry" -

"psychology"
Few words of symbol Ψ from Greek to English

Ψεύβδος (psevdos)=pseudo, pseudonym, pseudology, pseudomania, etc

Ψηλαφάω (psilaphao)=palpable, pselaphesis
Ψυχή (psyche)=psychasthenia, psyche, psychoanalysis, psychosis, psycho-
path, psychiatry, psychoneurosis, psychology, etc, etc

Vowel
Ωω ΟΟ=Ω

= NUMBER 800

Ω: Omega is a double character «OO» it's first appearance was at 403

B.C. in Athens. In dialects Aeolian and Dorian the O or OO used as OY
(ΟΟΡΑΝΟΣ (ΟΥΡΑΝΟΣ)=Sky, ΜΟΟΣΑ (ΜΟΥΣΑ)=Muse - ΚΟΟΡΟΣ
(ΚΟΥΡΟΣ)=boy with long hair, in Ionian dialects O is replaced to A.
Words Ωδε(=this way) (demonstrative adverb pronoun),

As we previously see in the symbol character «O» it represents ΧΩΡΟΣ

(=AREA), ΗΟΜΕ (=OIKOΣ- property), (Ω=ΟΟ indicates an area
within a bigger area HORIZON, OCEAN, GALAXY, UNIVERSE ),
ΩΚΕΑΝΟΣ (=ocean)
Analyzing Ώρα=time:
ΩΡΑ(=HOUR-TIME), Ω (=universe), Ρ=r (=sun's rays=speed of
light=time), Α (=at the beginning of time).

Code meaning: Meaningful extensions:

HORIZON, OCEAN, GALAXY, UNIVERSE ΩΡΑ (HOUR)
ΩΚΥΣ=ταχύς(=fast, quick)
 122

Tips for pronouncing those letters which are pronounced differently

from the equivalent English letters.

upper case lower case

Ω=ΟΟ or OY ω=oo
"grow" - "glow" "hollow" - "bow" -
"follow" - throw"
Few words of symbol Ω from Greek to English
Ωδή (odi)=ode -- Ωκεανός (okeanos)=ocean, oceanography
Ωκύς (okis)=acute, acuteness -- Ώνος (vonos)=venal
Ώρη (ori)=hour, hourly, horoscope, horography, horology
Ωτώεις (otois)=otalgia, otitis, otopathy, otology, otoscope, etc, etc
Ώχρος (ochros)=ochrodermia, ocherous

home

Ωκεανός (okeanos)=ocean (ATLANTIC + ATLAS - ΑΤΛΑΣ)

The Theogony of Hesiod
Ἄτλας δ᾽ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχει κρατερῆς ὑπ᾽ ἀνάγκης πείρασιν ἐν γαίης, πρόπαρ
Ἑσπερίδων λιγυφώνων, ἑστηὼς κεφαλῇ τε καὶ ἀκαμάτῃσι χέρεσσιν·
ΑΤΛΑΣ was condemned to carry the sky on his shoulders,
every Greek myth have some truth in it, the only way to
revive and decipher it is to understand the actual word.
Α - ΤΛΑΣ. ΤΛΑΣ=TLAS= audacity, boldness, daring
the A before the word ΤΛΑΣ = ΑΤΛΑΣ it means the oppo-
site (example κακός=bad, άκακος=not bad, example2
word equal to word unequal the un is what is the Greek
A in front of a word), therefore the word ATLAS-ΑΤΛΑΣ
means unable, not having the power to act, frightened,
unwillingness. Who is ATLAS? - ΑΤΛΑΣ? Those people who
where fortunate to take a voyage in a big ship across the
ocean will notice at about the center of the ocean that the
sky is resting all around the horizon on the edges of the
ocean, therefore ATLAS is in fact the ocean and the sky. The difference be-
tween TLAS and ATLAS is that no one dares to cross the ocean at ancient
times this is why TLAS becomes ATLAS, only Hercules was able to accom-
plish the task to brink the golden apples of Hesperidia, crossing the Atlan-
tic. [the word τλας tlas in the Ancient Greek dictionary Liddell & Scot]
 123

PARMENIDES Greek philosopher on his theory that space has no

boundaries, space was never born and will never die with no be-
ginning no center and no end, existed, exists, and will continue
to exist.

HERACLITUS «τα πάντα ρεί» everything in space continuously

changing (this puzzled scientists) both philosophers are correct,
Parmenides referring to empty spice with no mater in it, and Her-
aclitus referring on mater and what is happening in the universe=mater.

Greeks used the alphabet as numbers A=1, B=2,...

The numbers we use today as we call them Arabic numbers in fact are not
Arabic but from India, the Arabs introduce them to Europe, the truth is we
don't know exactly the originality of them…
One thing is certain that the “zero” (0) contrived from the great Greek
mathematician and astronomer Klavd. Ptolemy, the meaning of the zero 0
is ΟΥΔΕΝ (=ΝΟΝ)

Άννα Τζιροπούλου Ευσταθίου

Is there relation between letter o and number 0 zero?, if symbol

“omicron” (o) or Ω give evidence of space, then let us examine number
zero0, zero can not be multiplied, subtracted, divided, or added (0+0=0,
0*0=0, 0-0=0, «in my theory» 0 zero and letter o are related, if we add
0+0+0+0…infinitely the answer is=0=Ω endless space!.

the universe is inside space= Θ.The expansion of the universe is

=1 & 0=mater inside space, 10 &0=100 &0=1.000 &0=10.000
&0=100.000 &0=1.000.000 &0=… infinity this can prove the rapid
speed of expansion of the universe as the physicists claim.

(in Greek the word Θεός=God begins with Θ)

 124

The names of the stars were

named by the Greeks at an-
cient times, they believed,
father of the sun was Hyperi-
on =(galaxy).

Αλκυόνη, Ηλέκτρα,
Κελαινώ, Μαία,
Μερόπη, Ταϋγέτη,
Στερόπη

Empedocles (495 - 435 b.C.) thought that the 4 substances

fire, solids, liquids, and air are elements of the universe
that causing the universe to die and reborn, (today we know
that earth elements can change with appropriate tempera-
ture to solid, liquid, and air).

He believed that planets twirling around the Sun and not fall-
ing in to it was in fact of two forces
«Φιλότης, and Νεϊκος»
Φιλότης- Philotis =friendliness - attractiveness
(=Gravity by Isaac Newton).
And Νεϊκος - neikos = escapee - unfriendly (=Centrifugal force).
The orbital direction of the universal bodies according to Empedocles. As a result to
the two opposite forces (Φιλότης and Νεϊκος) the attracted body is finely forced to
an endless circling movement.

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 125

Latin symbols were also Greek originating from Euboea

near the city of Kimi. D-G-L-W-U-V-R

Q Qόραξ, Qοσμία, ΓλάυQος, ΈQτορ, ΠάτροQλος, etc.

Q was replaced by K, and other Latin symbols where excluded from the
Greek Alphabet. The Greek symbol C used until the Byzantine era, replaced
then by K
Κόμη (=hair) - Κουρέας (=barber), Κομμωτής (=hairdresser)

abandoned Greek symbol J used as ΙΑ-ια- JΑΠΕΤΟΣ - ΙΑΠΕΤΟΣ

(=Japeto) Jάκωβος - Ιάκωβος (=Jacob) - Αιγυπτίης - Αιγυπτίjης
(=Egyptian)

F= digamma (=double-gamma Γ- Γ
The difference between Φ and F:
Symbol F also used in early Greece, named digamma (=double-
gama Γ- Γ one on top of the other) and was pronounced between
the F and the V, Fοίνος= Οίνος=(vinum, Vino (Ital.+Span.), Vin
(Fr.), Wein (Ger.), Wine (Eng.) (F was abandoned from the Greek
Alphabet)

C = Σ=S (C used in Greek orthodox church in scriptures

and in icons)
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 126

Greek grammar
The Greek words change pronunciation according to the tone

the tone-accent = τόνος ΄

the 3 genders: (O,H,TO) lower case=(ο, η, το) (in front of a name,
noun, or object)

7 vowels

Κ Π Τ (Α α, Ε ε, Η
Γ Β Δ η, Ο ο, Ι ι, Υ
Χ Φ Θ υ, Ω ω)

Μ Ν (Η & Ω=Long)
=Ηηηη, Ωωωω
Λ Ρ
(Ε & Ο=short)
Σ ς Ε, Ο (once)

Ζ Ξ Ψ

θηλυκό=female gender η Ελένη=Helen, η Samantha, η Jane, η Marry

αρσενικό=male gender o Γιώργος=George, ο Tom, o Jason, o Peter
ουδέτερο=neuter noun το δέντρο=the tree, το παιδί=the child,
το ποδίλατο=the bike
The Articles of singular & plural:

singular=Ενικός: Ο, Η, Το (o Γιώργος=George, η Ελένη=Helen, το δέ-

ντρο=the tree, το παιδί the child singular=Ενικός: Ο, Η, Το (o Γιώρ-
γος=George, η Ελένη=Helen, το δέντρο=the tree, το παιδί the child

plural=Πληθυντικός: οι, αι, τα (οι Άνθρωποι=the people, τα δέντρα=the

trees, τα παιδιά the children plural=Πληθυντικός: οι, αι, τα (οι
Άνθρωποι=the people, τα δέντρα=the trees, τα παιδιά the children

in modern Greek the plural gender αι is replaced with οι (οι Γυναίκες=the

women, οι Γάτες the cats) (αι μούσαι=οι μούσες) αι νύμφαι=οι νύμφες) in
modern Greek the plural gender αι is replaced with οι (οι Γυναίκες=the
women, οι Γάτες the cats) (αι μούσαι=οι μούσες) αι νύμφαι=οι νύμφες)
 127

ουσιαστικό ουδετέρου γένους neuter noun:

(many neuter words are using male and female genders)

ο φάρος, = the light house, η λεμονιά = the lemon tree, η ψήφος = the
vote, η οδός =the street, ο στύλος = the column, η εποχή = the season ,
ο δρυμός = the forest
Δίφθογγοι=diphthongs=double letters: pronounced in
Greek as)

αι(=ε), ει=(η), ευ(=ef–ev), οι=(η), αυ=(αφ-

αβ), ου=(ou)

αι=Αιγαίον, αίγα, παιδία, Αίολος,

οι= Άνθρωποι, πίθηκοι, οικία,
ει=καφενείον, σχολείον, φαρμακείον, παντοπωλείον,
Ευ=Ευγενία, Ευστράτιος

αυ=αυτός, αυτή, αυτό,

ου=πού, ούτος, τούτος, κούρος, πούρο,

ΡΗΜΑΤΑ=VERBS
Ενεστώς=present, I'm doing something: τώρα=now - παίζω=I'm playing -
τρώω=I'm eating - κάθομαι=I'm seating
Αόριστος=aorist=I did something when?: έπραξα=I did - έφαγα=I have
eaten - πήρα το λεωφορείο I took the bus
Μέλλων=in the near future: θα=I will do!: θα περπατήσω=I will walk - θα
πάρω το λεωφορείο=I will take the bus

Εγώ=me, myself ) - ( εσύ=you, yourself ) - (αυτός ο Άνθρωπος=he that

man) - (αυτό το δέντρο=this-that tree)
εμείς=us, ourselves) - (εσείς=all of you-yourselves) - (αυτοί οι
Άνθρωποι=this-those people) - (αυτά=τα πράγματα=this-those objects)

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 home 128

Η-Υ-Ι
Each symbol phonetically sound the same, but have different
meanings.

Υ: =The cavity, cup any word that begins or includes symbol

«Y» represents water or liquid substance, Using the inner hand
(cavity) to capture water for drinking.

Words of objects with a cavity κύμα (=wave),

βυθός (=bottom of the sea), άυλαξ
(=channel), ΥΔΩΡ (=WATER), ΥΓΡΟΣ
(=WET), ΥΙΟΣ(=SON-born from moist
womb), ΥΜΗΝ (=thin skin - the membrane
of a virgin), ΥΛΗ (=mater), ΥΨΟΣ- height
(=sea level altitude).
This cup represents symbol Y ΥΔΡΟ (=HYDRO) - hydroelectricity - hydrol-
ysis. etc, etc.
Η: In sound is the same as (H, I, Y) but it differs in image, example the
symbol Y represents the cup to carry water, and letter I is representing
fine, slim, narrow objects. According to Plato, letter H (etta) is considered
as majestic, words Ήλιος = Helios (=sun), Ήρα (=Goddess Hera),
Ηρακλής (=Hercules). In many ancient Greek dialects Η (etta) has re-
placed letters A and E (αμέρα to ημέρα (day), (ήβη to ήβα and άβα = ado-
lescence), (ηχή to αχά (=sound of many voices). H (=etta) is also the
feminine symbol.
ΗΛΙΚΙΑ - HELIKIA (=AGE) - (ΗΛΙ=SUN) + (KΥA=CIRCLES) = how
many circles round the Sun)
The reason that the Greeks created 3 different symbol characters
that phonetically sound the same but have different meanings
«H,I,Y» prove the originality of the alphabet.

Ι: Is representing fine, slim, narrow, weak objects. The symbol is used

often as Y (in English or German) and often as J Ιαπετός (=Japeto) (Japeto
was father of Prometheus and Prometheus was father of the genealogic
tree of the Greek race).
In sound the letter I+a = Iaaa!!!, Iaaa!!!, or Yaaa!!!, Yaaa!!! is a strong
scaring voice to the animals and an expression of sorrow and despair to
man. «Ι» also representing the arrow, and the noise it makes when deliv-
ered from the bow.
An arrow dipped in poison give the word ιός (=poison), ιατρός
(doctor), ΙΣΧΝΟΣ (=lean - thin - ill (wickedness, disease, pain), ια-
χή=iahe (=sound of many people, sound of stormy sea), ΙΣΤΟΣ (=the
mast of a ship or a supporting POLE), ΙΣΤΟΣ (foundation pile, to se-
cure a dome), ill, wick etc.
 129

Greek symbols never change their pronunciation sound.

Example:
ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ=HISTORY in English without the Latin H character the word
ISTORY I is pronounced differently.
ΕΛΕΝΗ=HELEN without the H character the word ELEN E pronounced dif-
ferently.
TALL, BALL A pronounced as O.
In Greek grammar certain characters ply important role of the way of pro-
nouncing words,

This character =δασεία=rough breathing Placed at the beginning top-

left of a word is equal to the English character H
ISTORY ELLAS ELEN

In modern Greek the character is abandoned

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 130

WOMEN OF ANCIENT GREECE And the role of Women in

Community

Circular dance Dance the most

adorable sport in ancient Dance before and after the war
Greece

Beach volley in ancient Greece Women participating in games

bikini's on the beach

Dance the most adorable sport in ancient Greece

Woman the most adorable creature the Greek sculpture ever created, wor-
shiped by male young and old, a natural and physiological phenomenon.
 131

Beauty parlor bathing and hair removing

Girl athlete in
mini skirt
Poetry and Music

Dancer The teaching of music

 132

Greek women worshipers making offerings to Greek Gods never on their

knees, never bowed their heads, or bend over, but always standing, look-
ing Gods and Kings straight in the eyes.
(Metropolitan museum of arts N. York)

Ancient Greeks created 12 Gods according to their needs, plus many demi-
gods (half-gods), their beliefs were Idea-latric (latria = worship) and not
idol worship. (The word Θεός =God meant human of high intelligence just
and powerful) This Gods never make miracles but teach humans to use
their minds to solve their problems. The Gods did not create the world but
they played an important role in improving it. Teaching the people through
knowledge and awareness to reach the (Θείων = God-like). They worshiped
the perfection of body and mind, art, music, mathematics, health and med-
icine, physics, and mostly the love of nature, all this based on justice that
all people are equal. Each God representing a task like a ministry (the be-
ginning of democracy) and that was a bond of law to the people, with
many festivals, and celebrations, expressing their gratitude to Gods.

MINOAN CIVILIZATION CRETE

(3.500-1.900 B.C.) The ladies in
Blue have elaborately adorned
coiffures and wear copious jewel-
lery on their necks and arms.
Their bodices are trimmed with
blue hems. (from the palace at
Knossos)

Greece 3000 B. C.
Never in Greek history reported marriage of a man with two wife's, also it
was unethical for a married man to have a relation with another woman,
Pericles king of Athens creator of the Parthenon he felt in love with the
beautiful and intelligent Aspasia to be able to marry her, he had to intro-
duce a new husband of his first wife's choice and pay a handsome dowry,
that was the law, the law of Solon, in Homer's odyssey, Penelope's exem-
plary dutifulness, she awaited twenty years for Odysseus return.
 133

Islam and Christianity based on the Bible led humanity to

dark ages

Christian Nun

Christianity
21 Century Islam 21 Century
A.D. A.D.
Saint Paul burning ancient Greek
scientific books. (early Christianity)
Museum of Louvre

Cradle of humanity, gradual evolution of religion, (idol worship)

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 134

SAPPHO FROM LESBOS (LESVOS)

Sappho 6th century B.C. Alcaeus and Sappho Sappho

famous lyric poetess was Athenian krater 470 B.C.
born in Lesvos

Sappho (630-570 B.C.)

Greek lyric poet, whose poetry was so renowned that Plato referred to her
two centuries after her death as the tenth muse. [Εννέα τινές φασιν τάς
μοũσας είναι. Εγώ δέ φημί Λεσβίαν Μοũσαν τήν δεκάτην.]
Her real name Ψάπφα (=Psáppha) she was born in Eresos on the island of
Lésvos or (Lesbos). Although her life is little documented, it appears that
she was of noble family and was a contemporary of the lyric poet Alcaeus.
She is said to have been married to a wealthy man from the island of An-
dros and to have had a daughter named Cleïs.
Another legend holds that because of unrequited love for the young boat-
man Phaon she leapt to her death from a steep rock at the cape Lefkata in
the island of Lefkas.
She was involved in Lesvos politics, plus her revolu-
tionary women's liberation against a mans
world, caused her many enemies resulting her exile to
Sicily. Her enemies politicians, and her own trade cre-
ated myths against her. In Syracuse Sicily her statue
stood, and later in Lesvos coins with her image and
name were minted, and a huge statue of her was in the
town's square. The fragmentary remains of Sappho's
poems indicate that she taught her art to a group of
young women, to whom she was devotedly attached
and whose bridal odes she composed when they left her to be married.
 135

The poet Anacreon (mid-6th century b.c., a generation after Sappho),

commenting upon the group, claimed Sappho felt sexual love for women
from which arose the modern terms, “lesbianism“ and “sapphism” to de-
scribe female homosexuality.

Her bad reputation was insubstantial of such rumors, the Athenian comedy
took advantage because of jealousy, they refused to accept the facts that
Lesvos was more advanced in poetry and music than Athens, with so many
big names (Sappho, Alcaeus, Arion, Terpandros, Leshis, Herina). To
prove her innocence, she was never accused for improper behavior to
her female pupils or any other female in her life.

The strict Athenian laws by Solon the law giver (640-560bc) contemporary
to Sappho, the law forbidding homosexuals to participate in a government
office or any public appearance or speech, and under extreme condition
punishment was death, Solon who legislated the law didn't stop him admir-
ing Sappho's poetry and music.

Her reputation is based on some of the fragments of her poetry, at

times expressing male desires to provoke young men, proof of her
perfect conformation to their lives for the duties of morality, her
poetry effected some as a result to misunderstand her:

Sappho wrote nine

books of odes, epi-
thalamia or wed-
ding songs, ele-
gies, and hymns,
but the surviving
fragments are few.
They include the
Ode to Aphrodite,
quoted by the
scholar Dionysius
of Halicarnassus in
the 1st century B.C.. New fragments of her poems were discovered on pa-
pyrus in the 20th century. Sappho's poems are marked by exquisite beauty
of diction, perfect simplicity of form, and intensity of emotion. She invent-
ed the verse form known as Sapphics, a four line stanza in which the first
three lines are each 11 syllables long and the fourth is 5 syllables long.
Many later Greek poets were influenced by Sappho, particularly Theocritus.

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 136

THEOGONY - TITANS Paleolithic beliefs

Titans: Also known as the elder gods they ruled the earth before the
Olympians overthrew them. Cronus, the most important of the Titans,
ruled the universe, The other important Titans were Oceanus, the river
that flowed around the Earth; Tethys, his wife; Mnemosyne, the goddess
of memory; Themis, the goddess of divine justice; Hyperion (=the Gal-
axy), father of the sun, the moon, and the dawn; Japetus, the father of
Prometheus, who created mortals; and Atlas, who carried the world on his
shoulders. Of all the Titans only Prometheus and Oceanus sided with Zeus
against Cronus. Most of the other Titans fought with Cronus against Zeus
and were punished by being banished to Tartarus. During their rule the
Titans were associated with the various planets.

Paleolithic 700.000 - 9000 B.C. | Mesolithic 9000 - 7000 B.C. | Neolithic

7000 - 3500 B.C.

In Theogony (=Genesis of the Gods) Ancient Greek historian

(Hesiod (8th - 7th century B.C.).Theogony is a mythological code of
facts but not a religion, the pre-philosophic and pre-scientific pro-
gress of the Paleolithic Greeks: At the beginning existed the CHAOS,
GAEA (=earth-matter) and EROS (attractiveness=gravity), from Chaos be-
gat Erebus and the Night and from those two begat the Ether (a substance
permitting light to travel) and the day-light. At the same time begets the
Gaea (Earth) including the Uranus (=sky+stars), and from those two be-
gets the Ocean, Coeus, Creaeus, Hyperion (=Galaxy), Japetus, and Cronus
including the Cyclopes Brontes, Steropes, and Arges (the TITANS). Thaea,
Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne (=memory), Phoebe, Tethys (the TITANESS).
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Chaos (Χάος): The dark, silent abyss from which all things came into existence.
According to the Theogony of Hesiod, Chaos generated the solid mass of Earth, the
same time which arose the starry, cloud-filled Heaven. Mother Earth and Father Heav-
en, personified respectively as Gaea and her offspring Uranus, were the parents of
the Titans. Other children of Chaos included Tartarus and Erebus. In a later theory,
Chaos is the formless matter from which the cosmos, or harmonious order, was creat-
ed.

Erebus (Έρεβος): The Chaotic passing and changing stage (metabolism) from
the black night to the confliction of matter particles to unite into bright stars.
The myth: Erebus, where the dead pass as soon as they die, and Tartarus, the
deeper region, where the Titans had been imprisoned. It was a dim and unhappy
place, inhabited by vague forms and shadows and guarded by Cerberus, the three-
headed, dragon-tailed dog. threatening rivers separated the underworld from the
world above.

Eros (Έρος): The son of Chaos, and the embodiment of the harmony and creative
power in the universe, (the attractiveness (gravity) and the formation of the stars in the
Universe). Soon, however, he was thought of as a handsome and intense young man,
attended by Pothos (“longing”) or Himeros (“desire”). Later mythology made him the
constant attendant of his mother, Aphrodite, goddess of love.

Gaea (Γαία): Gaea is the Earth goddess. She mated with her son Uranus =(sky)
to create the remaining Titans.

Cronus (Κρόνος): Titan Cronus was the ruling Titan who came to power by
castrating his Father Uranus. His wife was Rhea. Their offspring were the first of the
Olympians. To insure his safety Cronus ate each of the children as they were born.
This worked until Rhea, unhappy at the loss of her children, tricked Cronus into swal-
lowing a rock, instead of Zeus. When he grew up Zeus would revolt against Cronus
and the other Titans, defeat them, and banish them to Tartarus in the underworld.
Cronus managed to escape to Italy, where he ruled as Saturn. The period of his rule
was said to be a golden age on earth, honored by the Saturnalia feast.
(In fact Cronus=(Χρόνος-chronos=time-age, those who are born, in time will
dye)

Uranus (Ουρανός): Uranus is the sky god and first ruler. He is the son of Gaea,
who created him without help. He then became the husband of Gaea and together
they had many offsprings, including twelve of the Titans. His rule ended when Cro-
nus, encouraged by Gaea, castrated him. He either died from the wound or withdrew
from earth.
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Rhea (Ρέα): Titaness Rhea was the wife of Cronus. Cronus made it a pracice to
swallow their children. To avoid this, Rhea tricked Cronus into swallowing a rock, sav-
ing her son Zeus.

Oceanus (Οκεανός): Titan Oceanus is the unending stream of water encircling

the world. Together with his wife Tethys produced the rivers and the three thousand
ocean nymphs.

Tethys (Τετθής): Titaness Tethys is the wife of Oceanus. Together they pro-
duced the rivers and the three thousand ocean nymphs.

Hyperion (Υπερίων) = The Galaxy: Titan Hyperion is the Titan of light, an

early sun god. He is the son of Gaea and Uranus. He married his sister Theia. Their
children Helius (the sun), Selene (the moon), and Eos (the dawn).

Mnemosyne (Μνημοσύνη): Titaness Mnemosyne was the Titan of memory

the mother of the 9 Muses, to remind the past, the present, and the future (oracle) .

Themis (Θέμις): Titaness Themis was the Titan of justice and order. She was the
mother of the Fates and the Seasons.

Coeus: Titan Coeus is the Titan of Intelligence. Father of Leto.

Phoebe: Titan Phoebe is the Titan of the Moon. Mother of Leto.

Cyclops: Titans Giants with one enormous eye in the middle of the forehead. In
Hesiod, the three sons - Arges (=thunderbolt), Brontes(=thunder), and Steropes
(=lightening) - of Uranus and Gaea, the personifications of heaven and Earth, were
Cyclops. They where thrown into the lower world by their brother Cronus, one of the
Titans, after he dethroned Uranus. But Cronus's son, the god Zeus, released the Cy-
clops from the underworld, and they, in gratitude, gave him the gifts of thunder and
lightning with which he defeated Cronus and the Titans and thus became lord of the
universe.

Japetus (Ιαπετός): Titan Japetus was the father of Prometheus, Epimetheus,

Menoetius, and Atlas by Clymene.
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Prometheus (Προμηθέας): Titan Prometheus was the wisest Titan. His name
means "forethought" and he was able to foretell the future. He was the son of Japetus.
When Zeus revolted against Cronus Prometheus deserted the other Titans and fought
on Zeus side. By some accounts he and his brother Epimetheus were delegated by
Zeus to create man. In all accounts, Prometheus is known as the protector and bene-
factor of man. He gave mankind a number of gifts including fire (the inspiration of tech-
nology). He also tricked Zeus into allowing man to keep the best part of the animals
sacrificed to the gods and to give the gods the worst parts. For this Zeus punished
Prometheus by having him chained to a rock with an eagle tearing at his liver. He was
to be left there for all eternity or until he agreed to disclose to Zeus which of Zeus chil-
dren would try to replace him. He was eventually rescued by Heracles without giving
in to Zeus.

Hecatonchires (one hundred arms): The elected ruler Uranus he doubted

that one of his sons will overthrow him from power he imprisoned them at the Tartarus
and placed Titan Hecatonchires to guard them. But Gaea conspired with Cronus her
son, plus the rest of his brothers and sisters to subvert Uranus. Cronus succeeded
cutting out his father's genitals and unable to have more children with Gaea lost his
throne. From Uranus genitals thrown to the sea, Goddess Aphrodite was born from his
sperm on the foamy-waves.

Epimetheus (Επιμηθέας): Titan Epimetheus was a stupid Titan, whose name

means "afterthought". He was the son of Japetus. In some accounts he is delegated,
along with his brother Prometheus by Zeus to create mankind. He also accepted the
gift of Pandora from Zeus, which lead to the introduction of evil into the world.

Atlas (Άτλας): Titan Atlas was the son of Japetus. Unlike his brothers Prometheus
and Epimetheus, Atlas fought with the other Titans supporting Cronus against Zeus.
Due to Cronus's advance age Atlas lead the Titan's in battle. As a result he was sin-
gled out by Zeus for a special punishment and made to hold up the sky on his shoul-
ders.

Metis (Μέτης): Titaness Metis was the Titaness of the forth day and the planet
Mercury. She presided over all wisdom and knowledge. She was seduced by Zeus
and became pregnant with Athena. Zeus became concerned over prophecies that her
second child would replace Zeus. To avoid this Zeus ate her (symbolizing a very old
belief by eating someone or his brain to acquisition his knowledge). It is said that she
is the source for Zeus wisdom and that she still advises Zeus from his belly. It may
seem odd for Metis to have been pregnant with Athena but, never mentioned as her
mother. This is because the classic Greeks believed that children were generated
solely from the fathers sperm. The women was thought to be nothing more than a ves-
sel for the fetus to grow in. Since Metis was killed well before Athena's birth her role
doesn't count.
 140

Tartarus: The lowest region of the underworld. According to Hesiod and Virgil, Tar-
tarus is as far below Hades as the Earth is below the heavens and is closed in by iron
gates. In some accounts Zeus, the father of the gods, after leading the gods to victory
over the Titans, banished his father, Cronus, and the other Titans to Tartarus. The
name Tartarus was later employed sometimes as a synonym for Hades, or the under-
world in general, but more frequently for the place of damnation where the wicked
were punished after death. Such legendary sinners as Ixion, king of the Lapiths, Sisy-
phus, king of Corinth, and Tantalus, a mortal son of Zeus, were condemned to dwell in
Tartarus.

The fact that Titans existed long before the Olympian Gods, emerging
many questions why they used names and words that we use today?, to-
day we know that the Olympian Gods existed long before 10.000 years
ago.

The 4 cataclysms=(floods) 9600 BC — 3300 BC

In Platonic conversation with «Timeus» appears to be clear of the high in-

telligence of people with high standards of civilization and law, technology,
and language before the cataclysm (floods). Floods also mentioned in the
bible. In Greek scripts 4 cataclysms are mentioned one of them is the one
mentioned in the bible,

1) 9600 bC Ωγυγου & Ατλαντίδος=Ogigou & Atlantis

2) 8255 bC Κομήτη Φαέθοντος=comet Phaethon
3) 3600 bC Δευκαλίωνος=Deucalion
4) 3400-3300 bC Δαρδάνου=Dardanou

I strongly believe that the events happened long before the abovemen-
tioned chronological times, because nothing was recorded at that time, but
only reminding's from generation to generation until the ancient Greeks
recorded them in their books.
It is difficult to understand how the names appeared at 9600 bC.
or before that time, If the alphabet wasn't present at that time.
(there is a confusion the fact of the exact chronological time, when exactly
the floods took place is a puzzle, if we didn't have the calendar today no
one would have known when exactly important events have happened, in
ancient Greece the beginning of counting time began on Olympic games at
776 bC and continued every 4 years, before that Olympiads also happened
bout no exact time was recorded).

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 141

3600 bC
Deucalion’s floods

Artist’s attempt to
imagine catastrophic
events of cataclysms
or earthquake land
sinking

Based on Plato’s in
Timeos information

Source of information
Davlos Magazine

Deucalion and Pyrrha

 142

KING DEUCALION
Deucalion, in Greek mythology, son of the Titan Prometheus. Deucalion
was king of Phthia in Thessaly when the god Zeus, because of the wicked
ways of the human race, destroyed them by flood. For nine days and
nights Zeus sent torrents of rain. Only Deucalion and his wife, Pyrrha, sur-
vived drowning. They were saved because they were the only people who
had led good lives and remained faithful to the laws of the gods. Having
been warned by his father, Prometheus, of the approaching disaster, Deu-
calion built a boat, which carried him and Pyrrha safely to rest atop Mount
Parnassus. The oracle at Delphi commanded them to cast the bones of
their mother over their shoulders. Understanding this to mean the stones
of the Earth, they obeyed, and from the stones sprang a new race of peo-
ple. Excerpt taken from Microsoft ENCARTA

Noah also spelled in Greek NΩE, the hero of the biblical Flood story in the
Old Testament book of genesis the originator of vineyard cultivation, and
as the father of Shem (=Σεμ), Ham (=Χαμ), and Japheth* (Ιαπετός),
the representative head of a Semitic genealogical line. In the story of the
Flood that follows there are evident borrowings from the Mesopotamian
stories of a flood send by the gods to destroy mankind. (In the flood story
in the Babylonian Gilgamesh epic, by contrast, there is no apparent moral
reason why the gods resolved to destroy mankind, and the only reason why
the hero of the Flood and his kin are saved is that he is favored by one of
the gods, who tricks the others, including the chief god.)
{Encyclopedia Britannica}.
He waited another seven days, and again he send forth the dove out of the
ark; ¹¹ and the dove came back to him in the evening, and lo, in her mouth
a freshly plucked olive leaf; so Noah knew that the waters had subsided
from the earth. {Excerpt taken from The bible}

(same name as Titan *, father of Titan Prometheus)

[the olive tree, and the dove is peace symbols to the Greeks since
the appearance of the Olympian Gods]

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 143
home

The alphabet is
Greek, the proof
of the Phoenician
lie.

The French maga-

zine “L” EXPRESS
INTERNATIONAL”
include compre-
hensive gratitude
to the Greek civili-
zation from the
western world for
the great offer of
the Alphabet.

On the front page

we read:

“TO Greece we
owe every thing:

The Alphabet
Justice
Democracy
Theater
Athletics
Philosophy
Mathematics
Medical
Ethics
Astronomy
Technology …
 144

Alphabetical numbers

Arabic num-
Greek numbers Greek numbers Arabic numbers
bers

α' 1 κ' 20
β' 2 λ' 30
γ' 3 μ' 40
δ' 4 ν' 50
ε' 5 ξ' 60
ς' 6 ο' 70
ζ' 7 π' 80
η' 8 90
θ' 9 ρ' 100
ι' 10 σ' 200
ια' 11 τ' 300
υ' 400
ιβ' 12
φ' 500
ιγ' 13 χ' 600
ιδ' 14 ψ' 700
ιε' 15 ω' 800
ις' 16 900
ιζ' 17
,α 1000
ιη' 18
,β 2000
ιθ' 19
,ι 10.000
,κ 20.000
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 145

Phoenician signs

Names in Phoe- Meaning in Greek Archa-

Sign Phone
nician Phoenician ic

A laryngeal con-
Aleph Ox
sonent

B
Beth, Bait House
consonant

G
Gimel, Gamel Camel
consonant

D
Daleth, Dal Door
consonant

H
He Window
consonant

Z
Zayin Sword
consonant

W semi-
Waw Hook
consonant

H
Heth, Hait Wall laryngeal
consonent

Y semi-
Yodh, Yad Hand
consonant

Phoenician signs continue next page

 146

Phoenician signs continued from previous page

K
Kaph Hand
consonant

L
Lamedh, Lam Goad
consonant

M
Mem, Mai Water
consonant

N
Nun Fish
consonant

S
Samekh, Sheen Fish
consonant

3
Ayin Eye laryngeal
consonant
P
Pe Mouth
consonant

R
Resh, Ras Head
consonant

Sh
Sin Tooth
consonant

T
Taw, Tah Mark
consonant

W semi-
Waw Hook
consonant
Q
Qoph Monkey voiceless
velar

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 147

THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE IN SCIENCE

Isaac Newton' scripts in Greek
 148

Letter from Albert Einstein to Constantin Carathéodory

(Constantin Carathéodory was a Greek mathematician who spent most of his pro-
fessional career in Germany. He made significant contributions to the theory of
functions of a real variable, the calculus of variations, and measure theory)

The collaboration between Einstein and K. Karatheodory for solving the rela-
tivity space and time problem and the friendly relationship between them is
expressed on the following letter.
Berlin, Sunday
Dear colleague!
I find your derivation wonderful, now I understand everything. At
first, the small writing mistakes on the second page had caused
me some difficulties. Now, however, I understand everything. You
should publish the theory in this new form in the Annals of Physics
since the physicists do not normally know anything about this sub-
ject as was also the case with me. With my letter I must have
come across to you like a Berliner who had just discovered
Grunewald and wondered whether people were already living
there.
If you wouldn't mind also making the effort to present to me the canonical transfor-
mations, you'll find in me a grateful and attentive audience. If you, however, answer
the question about the closed time trajectories, I will appear before you with my
hands folded. The underlying truth, though, is well worth some perspiration.
Best regards, your Albert Einstein

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 149

Bibliography
Resources:
Homer Odyssey & Iliad

Hesiod Theogony & Works and days

Socrates & Plato's Cratylus The etymologies (390e-427d)

H.L. Tsatsomiros History of genesis of the Greek language.

Dictionary H.G. LIDDELL & R. SCOTT: Anestis Konstantinidis pub-

lisher of the dictionary 1904. (Printed in London)

DICTIONARY OF INTERNATIONAL HOMERIC WORDS -

ΚΟΣΤΑΣ ΔΟΥΚΑΣ Εκδόσεις Γεωργιάδη Σόλωνος 114 Αθήναι.

MINOAN CRETE from myth to history Adonis Vasilakis Adam editions

1999)

Ο ΕΝ ΤΗ ΛΕΞΕΙ ΛOΓΟΣ Άννα Τζιροπούλου Ευσταθίου

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150