Mechanics
PHYS1101
Projectile Motion (Cont’d)
Dr Maria Parappilly
Office: 3001, School of Chemical &
Physical Sciences
Phone: 8201-5842
Email: maria.parappilly@flinders.edu.au
Lecture 3 Kinematics, March 7, 2018
PHYS1101
Projectile motion- 2-D Motion
The total displacement s of a soccer ball at a point along
its path. The vector s has components x and y along the
horizontal and vertical axes. Its magnitude is s , and it
makes an angle θ with the horizontal. Figure courtesy:
Openstax.
4-4 Projectile Motion
Horizontal motion:
o No acceleration, so velocity is constant
Eq. (4-21)
Vertical motion:
o Acceleration is always -g (recall Eqns of motion):
Eq. (4-22)
Eq. (4-23)
Eq. (4-24)
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-4 Projectile Motion
The projectile's trajectory is
o Its path through space (traces a parabola)
o Found by eliminating time between Eqs. 4-21 and 4-22:
Eq. (4-25)
The horizontal range is:
o The distance the projectile travels in x by the time it returns to
its initial height
Eq. (4-26)
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-4 Projectile Motion
In these calculations we assume air resistance is
negligible
In many situations this is a poor assumption:
Figure 4-13
Table 4-1
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
4-4 Projectile Motion
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
PHYS1101
Conceptual Example: Where does the apple land?
A child sits upright in a wagon which is moving to the right
at constant speed as shown. The child extends her hand
and throws an apple straight upward (from her own point
of view), while the wagon continues to travel forward at
constant speed. If air resistance is neglected, will the
apple land
(a) behind the wagon
(b) in the wagon,
(c) in front of the wagon?
PHYS1101
Conceptual Example: Where does the apple land?
The apple has an initial horizontal velocity equal to the
speed of the wagon, and it will follow the path of a
projectile, when viewed by someone on the ground.
The apple experiences no horizontal acceleration, so the
speed of the apple is equal to the speed of the wagon.
As the apple follows its arc, the wagon will under the
apple at all times.
When the apple comes down, it will drop right into the
wagon, and into the hands of the child.
Interactive Question 8:
In two-dimensional motion in the x-y plane, what is the relationship between the
x part of the motion to the y part of the motion?
a) The x part of the motion is independent of the y part of the motion.
b) The y part of the motion goes as the square of the x part of the motion.
c) The x part of the motion is linearly dependent on the y part of the motion.
d) The x part of the motion goes as the square of the y part of the motion.
e) If the y part of the motion is in the vertical direction, then x part of the motion is
dependent on the y part.
Interactive Question 8:
In two-dimensional motion in the x-y plane, what is the relationship between the x
part of the motion to the y part of the motion?
a) The x part of the motion is independent of the y part of the motion.
b) The y part of the motion goes as the square of the x part of the motion.
c) The x part of the motion is linearly dependent on the y part of the motion.
d) The x part of the motion goes as the square of the y part of the motion.
e) If the y part of the motion is in the vertical direction, then x part of the motion is
dependent on the y part.
Interactive Question 9:
An eagle takes off from a tree branch on the side of a mountain and flies due
west for 225 m in 19 s. Spying a mouse on the ground to the west, the eagle
dives 441 m at an angle of 65° relative to the horizontal direction for 11 s to
catch the mouse. Determine the eagle’s average velocity for the thirty second
interval.
a) 19 m/s at 44° below the horizontal direction
b) 22 m/s at 65° below the horizontal direction
c) 19 m/s at 65° below the horizontal direction
d) 22 m/s at 44° below the horizontal direction
e) 25 m/s at 27° below the horizontal direction
Interactive Question 9:
An eagle takes off from a tree branch on the side of a mountain and flies
due west for 225 m in 19 s. Spying a mouse on the ground to the west, the
eagle dives 441 m at an angle of 65° relative to the horizontal direction for
11 s to catch the mouse. Determine the eagle’s average velocity for the
thirty second interval.
a) 19 m/s at 44° below the horizontal direction
b) 22 m/s at 65° below the horizontal direction
c) 19 m/s at 65° below the horizontal direction
d) 22 m/s at 44° below the horizontal direction
e) 25 m/s at 27° below the horizontal direction
Interactive Question 10:
A basketball is launched with an initial speed of 8.5 m/s and follows the
trajectory shown. The ball enters the basket 0.92 s after it is launched. What
are the distances x and y? Note: The drawing is not to scale.
a) x = 6.0 m, y = 0.88 m
b) x = 5.4 m, y = 0.73 m
c) x = 5.7 m, y = 0.91 m
d) x = 7.6 m, y = 1.1 m
e) x = 6.3 m, y = 0.96 m
Interactive Question 10:
A basketball is launched with an initial speed of 8.5 m/s and follows the
trajectory shown. The ball enters the basket 0.92 s after it is launched. What
are the distances x and y? Note: The drawing is not to scale.
a) x = 6.0 m, y = 0.88 m
b) x = 5.4 m, y = 0.73 m
c) x = 5.7 m, y = 0.91 m
d) x = 7.6 m, y = 1.1 m
e) x = 6.3 m, y = 0.96 m
PHYS1101
Interactive Question 11:
Packages A and B are dropped from the same height simultaneously. Package A is
dropped from an airplane that is flying due east at constant speed. Package B is
dropped from rest from a helicopter hovering in a stationary position above the ground.
Ignoring air friction effects, which of the following statements is true?
a) A and B reach the ground at the same time, but B has a greater velocity in the
vertical direction.
b) A and B reach the ground at the same time; and they have the same velocity in
the vertical direction.
c) A and B reach the ground at different times because B has a greater velocity in both the
horizontal and vertical directions.
d) A and B reach the ground at different times; and they have the same velocity in the
vertical direction.
e) A reaches the ground first because it falls straight down, while B has to travel much
further than A.
Interactive Question 11:
Packages A and B are dropped from the same height simultaneously. Package A is dropped
from an airplane that is flying due east at constant speed. Package B is dropped from rest
from a helicopter hovering in a stationary position above the ground. Ignoring air
friction effects, which of the following statements is true?
a) A and B reach the ground at the same time, but B has a greater velocity in the
vertical direction.
b) A and B reach the ground at the same time; and they have the same velocity in
the vertical direction.
c) A and B reach the ground at different times because B has a greater velocity in both the
horizontal and vertical directions.
d) A and B reach the ground at different times; and they have the same velocity in the vertical
direction.
e) A reaches the ground first because it falls straight down, while B has to travel much further
than A.
Interactive Question 12:
Football A is kicked at a speed v at an angle of θ with respect to the horizontal
direction. If football B is kicked at the same angle, but with a speed 2v, what is
the ratio of the range of B to the range of A?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 9
I nteractive Question 12:
Football A is kicked at a speed v at an angle of θ with respect to
the horizontal direction. If football B is kicked at the same angle,
but with a speed 2v, what is the ratio of the range of B to the
range of A?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 9
Sample Problem
PHYS1101
A football is kicked at an angle θ0 = 37.0° with a velocity of 20.0 m/s, as shown.
Calculate (a) the maximum height, (b) the time of travel before the football hits the
ground, (c) how far away it hits the ground, (d) the velocity vector at the maximum
height, and (e) the acceleration vector at maximum height. Assume the ball leaves
the foot at ground level, and ignore air resistance and rotation of the ball.
Solution:
PHYS1101
PHYS1101
Vector Cross Product
A x B x A yB z − A zB y
A y × B y = A zB x − A xB z
A B A B − A B
z z x y y x
A × B = (A yB z − A zB y )i + (A zB x − A xB z )j + (A xB y − A yB x )k
PHYS1101
Vector Cross Product
B × A = (B y Az − Bz Ay )i + (Bz Ax − Bx Az ) j + (Bx Ay − B y Ax )k
= − A× B
PHYS1101
Vector Cross Product
) ) ) ) ) )
i ×j =k j × i = −k
) ) ) ) ) )
j ×k = i k × j = −i
) ) ) ) ) )
k ×i = j i ×k = −j
PHYS1101
Vector Cross Product
A × B = A ⋅ B ⋅ sin θ
4 Summary
Position Vector Displacement
Locates a particle in 3-space Change in position vector
Eq. (4-1) Eq. (4-2)
Eq. (4-3)
Average and Instantaneous Eq. (4-4)
Velocity Average and Instantaneous
Acceleration.
Eq. (4-8) Eq. (4-15)
Eq. (4-10) Eq. (4-16)
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
4 Summary
Projectile Motion Uniform Circular Motion
Flight of particle subject only to Magnitude of acceleration:
free-fall acceleration (g)
Eq. (4-34)
Eq. (4-22)
Time to complete a circle:
Eq. (4-35)
Eq. (4-23)
Trajectory is parabolic path
Eq. (4-25)
Horizontal range:
Eq. (4-26)
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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