Hydrostatic && Hydro Dynamic:
What is the formula for calculating the velocity of a fluid in a pipe?
A. v = Q/A
B. v = A/Q
C. v = Q/d
D. v = d/Q
Answer: A. v = Q/A, where v is velocity, Q is the volumetric flow rate, and A is the cross-sectional area of
the pipe.
What is the Reynolds number used for in fluid mechanics?
A. To calculate the pressure drop in a pipe
B. To predict the onset of turbulence in a fluid
C. To measure the viscosity of a fluid
D. To calculate the velocity of a fluid fluid in a pipe
Answer: B. To predict the onset of turbulence in a fluid. The Reynolds number is a dimensionless
quantity that relates the inertial forces to the viscous forces in a fluid. It is used to predict the onset of
turbulence in a fluid flow.
What is the Bernoulli's equation used for?
A. To calculate the pressure drop in a pipe
B. To predict the onset of turbulence in a fluid
C. To measure the viscosity of a fluid
D. To calculate the velocity of a fluid in a pipe
Answer: A. To calculate the pressure drop in a pipe. Bernoulli's equation relates the pressure, velocity,
and height of a fluid at any two points in a pipe or channel.
What is the difference between laminar and turbulent flow?
A. Laminar flow is characterized by smooth, orderly movement of fluid particles, while turbulent flow is
characterized by irregular, chaotic movement of fluid particles.
B. Laminar flow is faster than turbulent flow.
C. Laminar flow occurs at higher Reynolds numbers than turbulent flow.
D. Laminar flow is more viscous than turbulent flow.
Answer: A. Laminar flow is characterized by smooth, orderly movement of fluid particles, while turbulent
flow is characterized by irregular, chaotic movement of fluid particles.
What is the relationship between pressure and velocity in a fluid flow?
A. Pressure and velocity are directly proportional.
B. Pressure and velocity are inversely proportional.
C. Pressure and velocity are not related.
D. Pressure and velocity are proportional to the density of the fluid.
Answer: B. Pressure and velocity are inversely proportional. This is known as Bernoulli's principle, which
states that as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases.
What is the formula for calculating the dynamic viscosity of a fluid?
A. μ = F/A
B. μ = ρV
C. μ = τ/γ
D. μ = P/γh
Answer: C. μ = τ/γ, where μ is the dynamic viscosity, τ is the shear stress, and γ is the shear rate.
What is the difference between a pump and a turbine?
A. A pump is used to increase the pressure of a fluid, while a turbine is used to decrease the pressure of
a fluid.
B. A pump converts mechanical energy into fluid energy, while a turbine converts fluid energy into
mechanical energy.
C. A pump is used to transfer heat from one fluid to another, while a turbine is used to generate
electricity.
D. A pump is used to control the flow rate of a fluid, while a turbine is used to control the temperature of
a fluid.
Answer: B. A pump converts mechanical energy into fluid energy, while a turbine converts fluid energy
into mechanical energy.
What is the formula for calculating the specific gravity of a fluid?
A. SG = ρ/V
B. SG = V/ρ
C. SG = ρ/g
D. SG = g/ρ
Answer: C.
What is the formula for calculating the pressure at the bottom of a tank filled with a liquid of density ρ,
height h, and gravitational acceleration g?
a) P = ρgh
b) P = ρ/hg
c) P = gh/ρ
d) P = hg/ρ
Answer: a) P = ρgh
The pressure at a point in a liquid is directly proportional to:
a) The density of the liquid
b) The height of the liquid above the point
c) The area of the container holding the liquid
d) The temperature of the liquid
Answer: b) The height of the liquid above the point
A container of height H is filled with two immiscible liquids of densities ρ1 and ρ2 (ρ1 > ρ2). What is the
pressure at the bottom of the container?
a) P = ρ1gH
b) P = (ρ1 - ρ2)gH
c) P = (ρ2 - ρ1)gH
d) P = ρ2gH
Answer: b) P = (ρ1 - ρ2)gH
A U-tube is partially filled with water of density ρ1 and oil of density ρ2 (ρ2 < ρ1). What will happen
when the U-tube is rotated about its vertical axis?
a) The oil will rise up in the tube
b) The water will rise up in the tube
c) Both the oil and water will remain at the same level in the tube
d) The oil and water will mix together
Answer: b) The water will rise up in the tube
What is the pressure at a point 2 m below the surface of a lake? The density of water is 1000 kg/m3 and
gravitational acceleration is 9.8 m/s2.
a) 19.6 Pa
b) 1960 Pa
c) 29400 Pa
d) 39200 Pa
Answer: b) 1960 Pa
The dimension of coefficient of viscosity is
M1L-1T-1
M-1L1T-1
M-1L1T1
M-1L-1T1
Answer (a)
Surface tension _______
Acts in the plane of the interface normal to any line in the surface
Is also known as capillarity
Is a function of the curvature of the interface
Decreases with fall in temperature
Answer (a)
In a static fluid _______
Resistance to shear stress is small
Fluid pressure is small
Linear deformation is small
Only normal stress can exist
Answer (d)
Which of the following statements is correct about the shear stress distribution in circular pipes with
laminar flow?
It is linear with maximum value at the centre
It is parabolic with maximum value at the centre
It is parabolic with zero value at the centre
It is linear with zero value at the centre
Answer (b)
Which of the following are examples of free vortex motion?
i. Motion of air in cyclone
ii. Motion of liquid at the bottom of wash basin
iii. Motion of liquid inside impeller of pump
iv. Motion of eddies in rivers and canals
i., ii., and iv.
i., ii., and iii.
i., iii., and iv.
All of the above
Answer (a)
Assertion: The flow of fluid is said to be steady if at any given point, the velocity of each passing fluid
particle remains constant.
Reason: The path taken by a fluid particle under a steady flow is a streamline.
Both statements (I) and (II) are individually true, and statement (II) is the correct explanation of
statement (I)
Both statements are individually true, but statement (II) is NOT the correct explanation of statement (I)
Statement (I) is true; but statement (II) is false
Statement (I) is false; but statement (II) is true
Answer (b)
Assertion: Positive pressure gradient helps in separating the boundary layer.
Reason: At the point of boundary layer separation, the shear stress is zero.
Both statements (I) and (II) are individually true, and statement (II) is the correct explanation of
statement (I).
Both statements (I) and (II) are individually true, and statement (II) is NOT the correct explanation of
statement (I).
Statement (I) is true; but statement (II) is false
Statement (I) is false; but statement (II) is true
Answer (c)
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct regarding hydraulic turbines?
I. Kaplan turbines are used for low head and high discharge
II. Specific speed of the Kaplan turbine is more than the Francis turbine
III. Runner of Francis turbines has blades much less than Kaplan turbine
IV. Efficiency of the Francis turbine is higher than the Kaplan turbine
I, II only
I, II, IV only
I, III, IV only
II, III only
Answer (a)
A pipe of diameter 200 mm carries water in turbulent flow. The velocity of water at the centre of the
pipe and 50 mm from the centre of the pipe are 3 m/s and 2 m/s, respectively. What is the shear stress
at the wall of the pipe?
785 N/m2
334 N/m2
528 N/m2
614 N/m2
Answer (b)
The shear stress at a point in oil is 0.230 N/m2 and velocity gradient at this point is 0.20 s-1. If the
density of oil is 1240 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity of oil would be
0.93 stokes
92.7 cm2/s
9.3 stokes
0.093 stokes
Answer (c)
Statement (I): Rate of maximum velocity of average velocity of viscous fluid between two parallel plates
is 1.5
Statement (II): Ratio of maximum viscosity to average velocity for flow of viscous fluid through a circular
pipe is 2.0
Both statements (I) and (II) are individually true, and statement (II) is the correct explanation of
statement (I)
Both statements (I) and (II) are individually true, and statement (II) is NOT the correct explanation of
statement (I)
Statement (I) is true; but statement (II) is false
Statement (I) is false; but statement (II) is true
Answer (b)
A liquid compressed in a cylinder has a volume of 0.04 m2 at 50 N/cm2 and a volume of 0.039 m3 at 150
N/cm2. The bulk modulus of elasticity of liquid is
400 N/cm2
4000 N/cm2
40000 N/m2
40 N/cm2
Answer (b)
The pressure at a point in a fluid will not be same in all directions when the fluid is _____
Moving
Viscous
Viscous and static
Viscous and moving
Answer (d)
The velocity distribution for flow over a flat plate is given by u = (y-y2) in which u is velocity in metres per
second at a distance y metres above the plate. What is the shear stress value at y = 0.15 m? The dynamic
viscosity of fluid is 8.0 poise.
12.4 N/m2
1.24 N/m2
0.56 N/m2
5.6 N/m2
Answer (c)
A hydrometer is used to determine
Relative humidity
Surface tension of liquids
Specific gravity of liquids
Viscosity of liquids
Answer (c)
When a fluid is in motion, the pressure at a point is the same in all directions. Then the fluid is
Real fluid
Newtonian fluid
Ideal fluid
Non-Newtonian fluid
Answer (c)
Specific weight of sea water is more than that of pure water because it contains ________
Dissolved air
Dissolved salt
Suspended matter
All of the above
Answer (d)
A fluid is defined as one which
Cannot withstand shear
Can withstand shear
Deforms continuously when subjected to shear stress
Is solid like when there is no motion
Answer (c)
The normal stress in a fluid will be constant in all directions at a point only if
It is incompressible
It has uniform viscosity
It has zero viscosity
It is at rest
Answer (d)
The vapour pressure over the concave surface is _______
Less than the vapour pressure over the plane surface
Equal to vapour pressure over the plane surface
Greater than the vapour pressure over the plane
Zero
Answer (a)
Dilant is a fluid for which
Dynamic viscosity decreases as the rate of shear increases
Newton’s law of viscosity holds good
Dynamic viscosity increases as the rate of shear increases
Dynamic viscosity increases with time for which shearing forces are applied
Answer (c)
Match List – I and List – II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists
List-I List-II
A. Lubrication 1. Capillary
B. Rise of sap in trees 2. Vapour pressure
C. Formation of droplets 3. Viscosity
D. Cavitation 4. Surface tension
A-2; B-4; C-1;D-3
A-3; B-4;C-1; D-2
A-2; B-1; C-4; D-3
A-3; B-1; C-4; D-2
Answer (d)
A piece of metal of specific gravity 13.6 is placed in mercury of specific gravity 13.6, what fraction of its
volume is under mercury?
The metal piece will simply float over the mercury
The metal piece will be immersed in mercury by half
Whole of the metal piece will be immersed with its top surface just a level over mercury
The metal piece will sink to the bottom
Answer (c)
If the surface of the liquid is convex, the
Cohesion pressure in negligible
Cohesion pressure is decreased
Cohesion pressure is increased
None of the above
Answer (c)
The angle of contact in case of liquid depends upon
A. The nature of the liquid and the solid
B. The material which exists above the free surface of the liquid
Only A
Only B
Both A and B
Neither A and B
Answer (c)
