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Differentiation of y Ax N by The General Rule

The document summarizes the general rule for differentiating functions of the form y = axn with respect to x. It states that the derivative is dy/dx = anxn-1. Several examples are provided to demonstrate applying this general rule to find the derivatives of various functions. These include differentiating y = 5x7, y = 3√x, y = 4/x2, as well as more complex functions involving addition, subtraction, and square roots.

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Jericho Cunanan
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359 views2 pages

Differentiation of y Ax N by The General Rule

The document summarizes the general rule for differentiating functions of the form y = axn with respect to x. It states that the derivative is dy/dx = anxn-1. Several examples are provided to demonstrate applying this general rule to find the derivatives of various functions. These include differentiating y = 5x7, y = 3√x, y = 4/x2, as well as more complex functions involving addition, subtraction, and square roots.

Uploaded by

Jericho Cunanan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Calculus 1 Differentiation of 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙𝒏 by the General Rule

DIFFERENTIATION OF 𝐲 = 𝐚𝐱 𝐧 BY THE GENERAL RULE

From differentiation by first principles, a general rule for differentiating 𝒂𝒙𝒏 emerges
where a and n are any constants.
𝒅𝒚
If 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙𝒏 , then 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂𝒏𝒙𝒏−𝟏

or
If 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂𝒙𝒏 , then 𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝒂𝒏𝒙𝒏−𝟏
When differentiating, results can be expressed in a number of ways.
Example:
𝑑𝑦
i. If 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 , then 𝑑𝑥 = 6𝑥
ii. If 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2 , then 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 6𝑥
iii. The differential coefficient of 3𝑥 2 is 6𝑥
iv. The derivative of 3𝑥 2 is 6𝑥, and
𝑑
v. (3𝑥 2 ) = 6𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Sample Problem #1

Using the general rule, differentiate the following with respect to x.


a. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 7
b. 𝑦 = 3√𝑥
c. 𝑦 = 4⁄𝑥 2

Solution:
a. From 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙𝒏 , let 𝑎 = 5, and 𝑛 = 7. Using the general rule,
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 = (5)(7)𝑥 7−1 = 𝟑𝟓𝒙𝟔
𝑑𝑥
1
1
b. 𝑦 = 3√𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 . Hence, 𝑎 = 3 and 𝑛 = 2

𝑑𝑦 1 1
= 𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 = (3) [ 𝑥 2−1 ]
𝑑𝑥 2
𝒅𝒚 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟑 𝟑
= 𝒙 𝟐= 𝟏=
𝒅𝒙 𝟐
𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟐√𝒙

Engineering Department
Calculus 1 Differentiation of 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙𝒏 by the General Rule

4
c. 𝑦 = 𝑥2 = 4𝑥 −2 . Hence, 𝑎 = 4 and 𝑛 = −2
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 = (4)(−2)𝑥 −2−1
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝟖
= −𝟖𝒙−𝟑 = − 𝟑
𝒅𝒙 𝒙

Sample Problem #2

Find the differential coefficient of


𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
𝒚= 𝒙 − 𝟑 + 𝟒√ 𝒙 𝟓 + 𝟕
𝟓 𝒙
Solution:
2 3 4 2 5
𝑦= 𝑥 − 3 + 4√𝑥 5 + 7 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 −3 + 4𝑥 ⁄2 + 7
5 𝑥 5
𝑑𝑦 2 5 5
= ( ) (3)(𝑥 )3−1 − (−3)(4)(𝑥 )−3−1 + 4 ( ) 𝑥 ( ⁄2)−1 + 0
𝑑𝑥 5 2
𝑑𝑦 6 2 3
= 𝑥 + 12𝑥 −4 + 10𝑥 ⁄2
𝑑𝑥 5
𝒅𝒚 𝟔 𝟐 𝟏𝟐
= 𝒙 + 𝟒 + 𝟏𝟎√𝒙𝟑
𝒅𝒙 𝟓 𝒙

Sample Problem #3
1
If 𝑓 (𝑡) = 5𝑡 + √𝑡 3, find 𝑓′(𝑡).

Solution:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑⁄
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟓𝒕 + = 𝟓𝒕 + 𝟑 = 𝟓𝒕𝟏 + 𝒕− 𝟐
√𝒕𝟑 𝒕 ⁄𝟐
Hence,
3 3
𝑓 ′(𝑡) = (1)(5)𝑡 1−1 + (− ) 𝑡 (− ⁄2)−1
2
3 5
𝑓 ′(𝑡) = 5𝑡 0 − 𝑡 − ⁄2
2
𝟑 𝟑
𝒇′(𝒕) = 𝟓 − 𝟓 =𝟓−
𝟐𝒕 ⁄𝟐 𝟐√𝒕𝟓

Engineering Department

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