ORDINARY LEVEL FAMILY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES

STUDY GUIDE

CALISTO CHIMOYI
.
First Published: 2020
BETTER LEARNING PRESS
3679
Tynwald
Westgate
Harare
Cell: 077355193/0771838160

Published by Better Learning Press in 2020

©Calisto Chimoyi
Edited by: Mr Innocent Chikwira
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the Publishers.
Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders but if any have been inadvertently
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opportunity.
Acknowledgements
The publisher and the author want to thank the following, Mr Togarepi Board Chairman of

Mashoko Church of Christ Schools for financial assistance, Professor Simbarashe Rusakaniko

and wife for their valued support , Mr Innocent Chikwira for proof reading the book , teachers

across the country who provided direction on this book project. A special acknowledgement goes

to my wife Moster Zindove , my sons Farai and Tawananyasha and my parents who provided me

with the moral support.

We also thank Mrs Emily Mashinya for the unending prayers which she conducted throughout

this project.
PART A: INDIGENOUS RELIGION
1. Define Religion [2]

 It is a set of beliefs, feelings, and practices that encompasses the relationship between
human beings and some forms of a deity. Examples of deities include Mwari [in
Shona]in Indigenous religion ,God in Judaism and Christianity and Allah in Islam.

2. Identify four types of religions which you know[4]

 Indigenous Religion this refers to the religion of the native people of Africa.It originated
in Africa
 Judaism is the religion of the Jews. The religion was founded by Abraham who is
regarded as the Jewish Patriarch.
 Christianity is a religion which was founded by Jesus Christ in Palestine.
 Islam is a religion which was founded by Prophet Muhammad.s

Identify any four key beliefs in Indigenous Religion [4]

 Belief in the existence of different types of spirits. For example alien ,ancestral,
avenging, territorial
-Belief in life after death
-Belief in the existence of the Deities .For example God/Mwari/Unkulukulu
-Belief in taboos and punishments
-Belief in the sacredness of nature and the land.
3. Explain any two forms of Religions you know [6
Monotheistic Religions
-these hold a belief in one Supreme Being
-Mono means ‗One‘, theistic means ‗God/ Supreme Being
-Examples are Christianity, Judaism, Islam, African Indigenous Religion.
-Do not acknowledge the existence of other gods
Polytheistic Religions
-They believe in the existence of many gods
-the gods may have names and different roles/functions
-uphold the practice of praying to many gods
4. Describe any four characteristics of Indigenous Religion [8]

 It does not seek to make converts: A.I.R does not have preachers who go around
preaching so that people are converted to the religion. One is born into the religion and
one remains part of the religion either as a practicing or non-practicing member of the
religion. It is for this reason that it has adopted its identity from a geographical space.

Has a belief in God: many scholars, especially of the European missionaries, have tried to
dismiss the religion as fetish, one existent as having no solid belief in God refusing to call the
Supreme Being in Africa God but rather as a vital force. Africans believe in God, the Supreme
Being, who is referred to by many names depending on the tribe and occasion. It is monotheistic
in nature as God is one.

c) Morality: the religion has a strong moral code based on the sacredness of the other being.
Failure to adhere to the moral code has negative impact in the afterlife. Some of the things that
are forbidden include murder, any form of injuring another person, witchcraft, sorcery, and
stealing. The moral code also brings in the concept of respect of elders and honoring parents. The
code is also enshrined in taboos, myths and wisdom sayings.

d) Existence of different types of spirits: the world around is full of spirits. These spirits are
either bad or good and are very useful to the existence of a society.
e) It is passed on orally : there is no scripture or sacred text. The religious belief and practices
are transmitted by word of mouth from one generation to the other. Probably this is what has led
to some variations that can be noted from one place to the other on the way things are done. The
continuous practice of the religion makes it transmittable orally as the young generation observes
as the older generation lead.
f) Belief in life after death: If a person dies in African Indigenous Religion he\she lives on and
can still hear and make decisions on life. There is a communion between the dead and the living,
with the dead having assumed a higher order that the still living.

g) Ancestral Veneration : believers in African Indigenous Religion have a great respect for
ancestors and the ancestors are seen as participators in this physical life. In Indigenous religion
ancestors are not worshiped but they are venerated. Ancestors play a pivotal role in the African
worshipping; they link the physical world of the living and the spiritual world which is the
residence of spirits . Ancestors are fore fathers and mothers who, through death, have departed
from this world. The basic principle is that you can communicate with the one you know and that
person would then transmit further until it gets to the Supreme Being.

5. Indigenous Religion has a strong belief in the existence of a Supreme Being.

(a) Define Indigenous Religion [2]
-Indigenous Religion are the native religious beliefs and practices of the Africans that originate
from the Africans soils.
(b) Suggest any four sources of Indigenous Religion [4]

-Oral sources (songs, myths, proverbs, prayers, ritual incantations, names of places)
-art and language
-ceremonies and rituals
-Religious objects and places like shrines, altars and ceremonial symbols.

( c) Describe any three names of God in Indigensous Religion[6]

-Dzivaguru ( Perenial river–God is equated to a perennial pool that never dries up. It is because
God was there yester life, today and will continue to exist in the afterlife
Musikavanhu (Creator) -God is identified as the creator of human beings. It is usually used
during festivals like the rain making ceremony where the ancestors are requested to take the
request of the people to the creator who would then respond by granting the request. Thus an
elder can be heard saying ―...motisvitsirawo kuna Musikavanhu”. Once this has been said it
marks the end of the prayer for nothing comes after Musikavanhu. Musikavanhu is made up of
two words which are Musika which literally translated means the creator and vanhu which means
human beings. It is a name derived from the attribute of God as a creator of humans.
-Mutangakugara(First to Exist) – God is regarded as the first to exist. He is uncaused causer.
Nothing causes the existence of God. But it is him who created everything on earth.
Nyadenga(Creator) –
God is regarded as the creator and owner of heavens. Blessings such as rain, sunshine, change of
seasons are believed to come from heaven. Heavenss are taken as God’s residence.

6. (a) Define an attribute [2]

These are qualities that are regarded as inherent or part of someone or something.
(b) Identify any four attributes of the Supreme Being in Indigenous Religion [4]

- Immutable-God is perfect and never changes

Immortal-In Indigenous religion they believe that God is infinite. He is pre-existent, presently
exist and will continue to exist
Self-existences-God is regarded as the uncaused causer. Nothing caused his existence
Omnipotent – he is all powerful
- Omniscient – he knows everything .Nothing is hidden from him.
- Omni present – he is present everywhere .He transcends all space.

(c) Explain any three roles of the Supreme Being in Indigenous Religion [6]
Creator-God is the one to whom all things have come into existence. He is regarded as the author
of the laws of nature so that the natural environment exists in perfect harmony.
Judge-God is regarded as the ruler of the whole universe. Everything on earth belongs to God.
People are just stewards of everything that God created on earth. As a judge God rewards those
who do well and punish the wrong.
Sustainer- God controls everything on earth. He is the giver of everything. He sustains life on
earth. Any living creature depends on him for sustenance.

(d) Explain briefly the role of ancestral spirits in Indigenous Religion. [8]

Provide a missing link between the dead and the living. Ancestral spirits act as intermediaries
between the world of the living and the spiritual world.
-Health and welfare. Bless families with wealth and good health .They ensures that the family is
protected from different diseases, any form of harm such as witchcraft.
Regulate morality. Ancestral spirits foster good behavior and ubuntu /unhu .Ancestral spirits
bless those who do good and punish wrongdoers.
-Chief advisors. Ancestral spirits are always aware of any future happenings among the living.
From time to time they give some advice to family members in the case there are disasters such
as accidents or illness that is likely to happen. Peoples are fore warned by Ancestral spirits.
-ensure the protection and preservation of nature.
7.
(a) Define Spirit [2]

-Spirit is the non-physical part of the human being

(b) Identify any four other types of spirits in Indigenous Religion [4]
Alien Spirits these are foreign spirits. They are non-ancestral spirits. They bring both good
things such as healing powers and bad things such as witchcraft.
-Avenging Spirits these are angry spirits of dead people who died with grievancess .For example
a son in law may fail to give mombe yeumai to the mother in law. If she dies she can come as an
avenging spirit.
-Territorial Spirits
 Marine Spirits these are strange spirits which normally found in water bodies such as
pool, rivers and springs
(c) Describe any three ways human beings communicate with Spirits [6]
Libation: a ritual which involves the pouring of liquid, such as beer, or grains such as rapoko, as
an offering to Spirits. Libation is done as a way of communicating and gives thanks or airing
some grievances to the ancestors by human beings . The drink/ alcohol can be poured out or
drunk in honor
-Singing and dancing in ritual occasions such as Kurova guva which is a home bringing
ceremony of the dead person’s spirit so that it can come and protect the living.
-Recitation/ chanting invoking spirit and ancestors‘ names
-Making sacrifices to them, e.g. slaughtering cows, goats and so on
-Giving offerings.
-Burning incense h
-Vision when the spirits want to communicate with the living they may appear in the form of
visions when one is asleep. They communicate their demands with the person who has been
shown the vision .That person will then pass on the message to the intended audience.
-Hearing voices of ancestors and spirits
People can communicate with ancestors through misfortunes such asmysterious death and
illness.When ancestors want to relay a certain message they can communicate through sickness
and at times through unexplained deaths.Ancestral spirits can cause sicken when they want
attention from the living.In the process of trying to find a solution to sickness or unexplained
deaths people will come to know the demands of the ancestors.
-Through dreams
(d) Explain the roles of Avenging Spirits in Indigenous Religion [8]
-People will respect the sanctity of human life. No one has authority to take someone‘s life. They
enforce adherence to traditional norms against murder.
-Retribution or compensation ensures peace and creates right relationships among people.
- promotes respect among people especially to reward people for the services rendered.
-Determines ethical behaviour in society. It ensures the promotion of Ubuntu and fosters respect
for parents and protects the vulnerable. It guards against ill treatment of orphans and strangers as
well as the disabled. *there is a general understanding that the avenging spirit of a vulnerable
member of society is very difficult to appease (Ngozi yerombe igandanzara)
-They guarantee respect of humanity, parents, spouses and debt payment. 8
-They administer justice by compensation to the extent of exchanging life for another and
payment of cattle.
8. Symbols are part of religious expression.
(a) What is a Symbol? [2]

-A symbol is something, (an idea, a sign a ritual art or a behavioural pattern) that stands as a
means of communicating an inner essence.
(b) Identify any four symbols used in Indigenous Religion [4]

Symbols used in Indigenous Religion are:

-Trees
-Animals
-Fire
-Water
-Beads
-Crowns
-Axes
-Spears
-Knobkierries
Any relevant points can be added.
(c) Explain, using examples, the uses of any three symbols in Indigenous Religion [6]

Symbols are used in the following occassions

-Rites of passage ceremonies
-Initiation ceremonies
-healing
-Marriage symbols
-funeral rites
Any relevant points on uses of symbols can be added 9
9. Religions make use of different Rites and Rituals in worship.
(a) List any four rites of passage in Indigenous Religion [4]

-Birth and Naming

-Marriage
-Death
-Coronation of a King
10. (a) Define the word ‘Sacred Attire’ [2]
-A distinctive dress worn by a Religious Practitioner
(b) Suggest any four Sacred Practitioners who wear distinct Dressing in IR [4]
-Priests
-Spirit Mediums
-Diviners
-Medicine men and women
-Kings
-Seers
(c) Explain the importance of Sacred Practitioners in Indigenous Religion [6]
-Assist in times of natural disasters and calamities
-help in times of sickness
-consulted in times of political crisis
-offer advises to the community
-they are custodians of culture and traditions.
11. African Indigenous Religion has a number of ‘Sacred Days’
(a) What is a Sacred Day? [2]

-A day set aside and considered to be holy.

(b) Suggest any four sacred days in Indigenous Religion [4]

-Chisi 10
-The day of the death of a King
-The month of December
-New Year
-The day of prayer for the rains
-Bira
-The day of Nhimbe
-the day of the traditional ceremony of Inxwala
(c) Explain the importance of sacred days to believers in IR. [6]

-Help preserve culture

-Give importance to certain events in life
-Help keep the tradition and culture safe
-Are a source of unity and togetherness
(d) Describe how any two of the Sacred Days is observed [8]

-Chisi: (Mahakurimwi) -People do not plough and observe this day, any day of the week for
resting purposes.
-no work is required to be done
-people rest and share stories and visit each other.
-Rainmaking Ceremony day: varies from place to place
-beer is brewed
-there is singing
-clapping and ritual libation
-there are incantations and prayers made for the rains
-People drink beer.
12. (a) Define a Sacred Place [2]
- A place holy and dedicated to a deity/ a religious shrine
(b) List any four Sacred Places in Indigenous Religion [4]
-Mountains e.g. Nyanga Mountain
-Rivers e.g. Zambezi Rive 11
-Shrines e.g. Heroes Acre, Matobo
-Caves e.g. Chinhoyi Caves
(c) Explain the importance of sacred places in Indigenous Religion [6]
-National Shrines and Monuments are significant as rainmaking ceremonies venues. These
shrines were and are still used as religious places. A good example is the Njelele rainmaking
shrine in Matobo hills in Matebeleland South. The place is visited between August and
September annually when rainmakers from all over the country come together for ritual purposes
just before the rain season. It is at this place that spirit mediums would ask for rains and rituals
are performed so that enough rains may be experienced.
-They are places of spiritual intervention: Elders used to go and report all problems bedevilling
the community to the high God through the spirit mediums at the shrines. Such problems
included droughts, lightning, natural disasters, plagues and many other problems. In essence,
these shrines were and are places of deep spiritual intervention and prayer. It is believed that at
Njelele, there used to be a voice coming from the rock whenever spirit medium Iwosana
presented their reports to the shrine.
-Shrines also brokered peace to avoid wars that threatened life. This means that these shrines
were sources of life. Whenever there was a threat of a war or actual war, shrines were used to
consult spirit mediums and for talks that brokered peace.
-Spirit mediums used divination bowls or bones to tell the future at the shrines.
-Priestly and traditional dances to the ancestors were performed at the shrines
-Animals also sought refuge at the shrines. It is believed that when an animal runs to the shrine it
was not pursued anymore.
-Humans also sought refuge at the shrines in times of war
-Healing of chronic diseases or any forms of illness was done at the shrines by traditional healers
or mediums gifted with the gift of healing.
-Shrines also assist in environmental preservation since some trees around the shrines are
forbidden to be cut down. These areas are out of bounds for grazing and unnecessary visits.
-Most of the shrines are tourism resort areas helping in the economy to bring revenue and the
much needed foreign currency.
-Some of the shrines are burial ground, for example, the National Heroes Acre is a burial ground
whose purpose is to commemorate Patriotic Front guerrillas who were killed during the struggle
for independence. The Heroes Acre also commemorates Zimbabweans whose dedication or
commitment to their country justify their being buried at the shrine. Persons buried at the shrine
are considered heroes and heroines.
-Other shrines embody the spirit of the independence of the country and are Museums. For
example, at the National Heroes Acre has the tomb of the unknown soldiers which recognizes
and unidentified insurgents who lost their lives during the war. These include a bronze statue 12
of three guerrillas, one female and two males, a flag role and an ornate artefact. There is also the
eternal flame which rests atop a tower measuring some forty meters. It was lit at independence
celebrations in 1982 and embodies the spirit of Zimbabwe‘s independence. Two walls on the
side of the monument carry murals depicting the history of Zimbabwe, from pre-colonial times,
through the Chimurenga struggle and Independence under National Hero, Robert Mugabe.
-Near the entrance of the National Heroes Acre is a Museum dedicated to the rise of African
Nationalism in Zimbabwe and anti- colonial struggle, showcasing artefacts, photographs and
other paraphernalia from the war period and shortly after
Shrines and Monuments are also centres of learning. A lot concerning the country‘s history and
practices is learnt from the shrines and monuments
13 (a) What are a taboos? [2]
- Taboos are does and donts .These are prohibitionss that are imposed upon people.
(b) Identify any four taboos [4]
i If you sit on the mortar on which grain is pounded, all the wives that you marry will die.
ii If you sit on a hearthstone, you will kill all your wives.
iii If you excrete on the road, you develop boils on the buttocks.
iv If you peep on a person who is bathing you will develop pimples on your eyelids.
v If you imitate a lame person you will become lame too.
vi If you kill a frog the heavens will fail to bring down the rains.
vii If you ride a dog you will become a witch.

(c)Explain any three functions of taboos [6]

-to ensure proper behavior in the society
-they help prevent destruction of the natural environment
-they prevent the cutting down of certain endangered tree species
-they help prevent incestuous relationships and sexual affairs
14. (a) What is disability? [2]

Lack of bodily parts or malfunctioning of bodily parts

(b) List any four types of disability [4]
13
Physical Disability
This class of disability includes people with varying kinds of physical disability like s disability
in coordination of different organs of the body.
Spinal Code Disability
Spinal Code Injury can lead to life-long disability. This may occur due to severe accidents and
may be complete or incomplete disability.
Head Injury/ Brain Disability
This type of disability occurs due to brain injury. The magnitude can range from mild, moderate
to severe. There are two types of brain injury. These are Acquired Brain Injury which is not
hereditary but occurs after birth due to a variety of reasons. Traumatic Brain Injury is another
type of brain injury which occurs due to several causes as well. Causes of brain injury are many
but are usually external forces applied to the body parts.
Visual impairment
This may be serious such as blindness or partial blindness
Hearing Impairment
There are two types of hearing impairment: this includes people that are completely deaf or
partially deaf. People who are partially deaf can use hearing aids to help them in hearing.
Hearing impairment occur as a result of diseases , genetics or accidents at birth or can occur
As a way of communication deaf people make use of sign language as a means of
communication.
(c) Explain the role of Indigenous Religion in assisting people with disabilities [6]

-Offer them mutual support

-help them with work that they cannot do
-Encourage them to work and support themselves
-Trying to get them treatment to ease their pain
-Form support groups within communities
-Begin projects and cooperatives for People Living with Disabilities.
(d) Describe how Indigenous Religion can help improve the lives of people with Disabilities
[8]

15. The Liberation Struggle was geared towards establishing a peaceful society
(a) What does the word ‘liberation’ mean? [2]
- Setting free
- The action of setting someone free from imprisonment, slavery or oppression

(b) Name any four Sacred Practitioners of IR who participated in the Liberation Struggle
[4]

Practitioners of the Struggle:

-Mbuya Nehanda
-Sekuru Kaguvi
-Chaminuka
-Chief Mapondera
-Mkwati
-Mlugulu
-Siginyamatshe
(c) Explain any three challenges that IR faced in its role in the Liberation Struggle [6]

Challenges 15
-Lack of unity from he fighters
-Shona and Ndebele were divided along tribal lines
-Inferior weapons on the people they were leading
-supplies and logistics was not well coordinated.
-whites had superior weapons and got support from South Africa and Botswana.
-Some chiefs were controlled by the ruling regime and used against fellow Africans
-other Africans decided to collaborate with Whites
-Religious Leaders were arrested and others executed.
(d) Describe the role played by IR during the liberation struggle [8]

Role of IR during the Liberation Struggle

-Religion offered prophecy on what to do, were to go and were not to go during the struggle
-it provided and boosted the morale of the fighters
-Religion influenced the masses to support the struggle
-Religion provided leadership and direction during the struggle.
-Religion boosted confidence of the fighters through promises of victory and healing through
charms and incantations
-Spirit Mediums steered the war through Religious approval and even fighting with the fighters.
16. Indigenous Religion has a number of creation myths
(a) Define a myth [2]

-A story usually legend, made up to explain an event or phenomenon which is difficult to

understand.
(b) Identify any two myths in Indigenous Religion [4]

-The Mwedzi Myth on Creation

-the Nyami nyami myth on the river Zambezi
17. (a) Define Education [2]
- It is the process or action of teaching someone in a school, college or university
- It is knowledge, skill and understanding that one gets from attending a school, college or
university
16
(b) List any three types of Education [4]
-Formal Education
-Informal Education
-Non- Formal Education
(c) Explain the characteristics of Informal Education [6]
-It is planned and with a particular end in view e.g. certification
-It is limited to a specific period e.g. 4 years
-It is well defined and has a systematized curriculum
-Usually it is given by qualified teachers
-It includes activities outside and inside the classroom
-It is given in schools, colleges or formal institutions which are established for that purpose
-It observes strict discipline
-The learner and the teacher are aware of the need for discipline when engaging themselves in
formal education
-The process of teaching will involve supervision, instruction, set plan, definite aims, and
principles.
-Usually there is a certificate awarded at the end of the instruction following assessment.
-It is a conscious act
d. Explain four advantages of informal education over formal education. [8]
i) It is affordable
ii) Learning is personal and less threatening
iii) There is a lot of freedom for someone to work at his or her own speed, time and place
iv) There is more room for originality and brain stimulation
v) Improves individual skills and capabilities

18. The family lineage is geared towards establishing a friendly society.

a) What is a family? [2]
- A group of people who live together and are related to each other by marriage, blood or
adoption.
-a group of people consisting of a grandfather or grandmother living with their children.
-a group of people who are related through blood, marriage or custom
b) Identify four types of family. [4]
Types of family can be identified
- Nuclear family 17
- Extended family
- Single parent family
- Child headed family
- Adopted family
- Step/ blended family
- Foster family
19. The family plays an important role in solving conflict in Indigenous Religion.
(a) What is conflict? [2]

- is a struggle or contest between parties with opposing needs, beliefs, values, interests or goals.
- the struggle that exists when the actions of either an individual or group of people harm or
affect negatively another person or group of people.
(b) List four examples of conflict in the family. [4]
- husband and wife
- parents and children
- in laws and daughters in law
- wife and husband‘s relatives
(c) Explain three causes of conflict in the family. [6]
- cultural differences
- misunderstanding
- poor communication
- lack of planning
- witch hunting
- deceit
- religious labels

(d) Write four ways of solving conflict at family level in Indigenous Religion. [8]
- Through the use of Aunts
- Through the use of Uncles
- Through dare
- Through the use of elders in the family
20. Describe the traditional rites connected with death in African societies. [8]
-Washing/preserving the body as a sign of respect.
-Positioning graves in specific places.
-A decent burial to avoid haunting.
-Mourning to express sorrow.
-Dancing/singing to consol the bereaved. 18
-Looking down upon those who take their own lives.
-The fact that unfaithful partners are not allowed to move close to the dead partner.
-Sharing of property.
-Inheritance of widows.
21. Why was death feared in Indigenous African society, Give four reasons? [4]
-It disrupts the rhythm of human life.
-It cannot be escaped.
-It brings poverty to the family involved.
-It brings impurity to the family.
-It at times causes misunderstanding in the community.
-It deprives the community of their loved ones.
-It involves too many rituals.
-It comes unawares/abruptly/unannounced.
-It marks the end of earthly life.
-Nobody is aware of the afterlife.
22. Explain how people in Indigenous African society helped bereaved families. [6]
-They kept them company.
-They consoled them through singing, dancing and willing words.
-They were helped in preparing the grave.
-Society contributed food and other material support, particularly during the funeral.
-They attended the funeral to give the dead a decent send-oil―.
-They helped by performing certain duties for them
-They helped in preparing the body for burial
-They participated in rituals performed.
-They made a eulogy to praise the deceased.
-Informed friends and relatives about the death.
23. Give two reasons why cleansing rituals were performed in Indigenous African society
[2] 19
-They were performed to forgive wrong doers of their sins.
-To protect individuals against impending punishment.
-To accept back a member who had broken a taboo to continue with the normal activities of the
society.
-To appease the ancestral spirits.
-To maintain good relationship/cohesion in the community.
-To prepare the dead for new life.
-To send away evil spirits.
-As a rite of passage, changing from one stage to another.
-To protect one against calamities.
-To approach the spirits so that they do not cause misfortune.
24. Explain the reasons why taboos were important in Indigenous African communities. [6]
-They helped to maintain the member's dignity.
-They guided people on moral behavior.
-They outlined kinship ties.
-They maintained respect to God.
-They created harmony and peace in the society.
-They guided on acceptable eating habits.
-They maintained law and order.
25. Give any four causes of death in Indigenous African society? [4]
-Old age;
-Diseases;
-Accidents;
-Witchcraft;
-Punishment by spirits;
-Curses.
26. Explain the causes of suffering in Indigenous African society. [6]
-Breaking a taboo; 20
-A curse from elders due to disobedience.
-Failure to respect sacred places.
-Breaking agreements.
-Breaking social rules and regulations.
-Disobeying ancestral spirits.
-Because of witchcraft.
27. Why were disputes over land rare in African Indigenous society? [6]
-There were clear guidelines on the use of the land.
-Every member was allocated land.
-Elders disciplined those who grabbed land.
-Cursed befell those who acquired it unjustly.
-It was property of the clan.
-There was enough land assigned to everybody.
-Elders allocated the land freely.
28. Name the rites of passage and their role in inculcating moral values in the Indigenous
African community. [8]
-Birth and Naming. During pregnancy, mothers are treated specially in various ways e.g. being
exempted from heavy tasks. After birth, the child was warmly welcomed and later named
according to the surrounding, seasons and place, etc
-Marriage. It is the third rite of passage. It is looked at as sacred and ordained by God
-Death. It is the final stage one has to undergo. This stage is quite feared by all members of the
society.
29. Give any four rules and regulations (taboos) observed by pregnant mothers in
Indigenous African society. [4]
-Eating special food and avoiding some e.g. eggs.
-Avoiding heavy tasks.
-Abstaining from sexual intercourse.
-Avoiding handling iron/metallic tools, which easily attract lightning. 21
-Not speaking directly to one's husband.
-Returning to one's parents" home to give birth there, then returning after the baby is weaned.
30. Describe measures that were taken to discourage pregnancy before marriage in
Indigenous Religion? [8]
-Education about sex was given to the youth to enable them lead a responsible life.
-Virginity was highly valued, thus premarital sexual behavior abolished.
-The youth were guided and counseled on the consequences of irresponsible sexual behavior.
-Girls who became pregnant before marriage were dishonored and severely punished.
-There were rules and regulations stipulated on sexual relationships.
-The whole community was concerned with morality.
-Boys and girls were taught to respect each other and their own bodies.
-Parents closely watched their daughters" movement.
-Young men who impregnated a girl during marriage were reprimanded or defamed.
-Young people were supervised during special occasions e.g. dancing.
31. Define Morality [2]
-Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.
32. Which four factors have contributed to immorality among the youth today? [4]
-Drug abuse among the youth;
-Lack of proper sex education;
-Poverty, leading to commercial sex;
-Pornography,
-Permissiveness in the society,
-Urbanization, leading to lack of privacy;
-Mass media influence;
-Availability of contraceptive drugs;
-Unemployment, which makes the youth get lured into sex;
-Frustration, which causes the youth to seek consolation in sex;
-The adults, who should serve as role models, are, themselves, promiscuous, influencing the
youth negatively; 22
-The youth follow the footsteps/influence of peers;
-Parents have abandoned their role of inculcating moral values.
33. Name six ways in which Indigenous African society showed respect to the unborn child.
[6]
-The expectant mother is exempted from heavy tasks.
-The expectant mother is given protective cham1s to wear.
-They observe certain taboos, rules and regulations.
-The expectant mother is treated gently.
-The expectant mother is given herbs to protect her.
-The expectant mother is given special food.
-The expectant mother is checked/examined regularly by traditional midwives.
-The expectant mother is not allowed to get involved in sexual intercourse.
34. Describe how marriage was formalized in Indigenous Religion [8]
-Dowry was given as a token of appreciation.
-Religious rituals were performed, characterized by exchange of gift.
-Ceremonies were held to create harmony.
-The families of the bride and groom visited one another.
-Marriage negotiations were held.
-Singing and dancing marked the celebration of marriage.
-Oathing was observed to reinforce the marriage.
-Virginity of the bride was to be proved.
35. Describe why polygamy was common in Indigenous African culture [8]
-Polygamy ensured harmony in the community.
-Children were a source of pride, therefore, the more one had, the better.
-To avoid getting children of a single sex.
-Children ensured security in old age.
-To reduce irresponsible sexual behavior.
-To prevent or do away with childlessness. 23
-The wives boosted the man's wealth through their labour.
-Death, which never promised, led people to marry several women.
36. Why was the birth of a child seen as a joyous event in African Indigenous culture? [6]
-Children are a source of wealth.
-They are a source of security.
-They are a blessing in marriage.
-They increase labour force.
-They cement the couple's relationship.
-They enhance the family's social status.
-They remove the shame on the parents.
-Through children, people acknowledged God's work.
37. Name any four rituals carried out in Indigenous African Society to ensure safety of the
newly born baby. [4]
-The birth is made public to the whole family.
-The placenta is disposed off in a secret place.
-The baby is born in a clean place.
-The baby is delivered by an expert.
-The umbilical cord was carefully cut.
-Prayers are offered for the well being of the child.
-The baby was cleansed using medicinal herbs.
-The baby and mother stayed in seclusion for some time.
-The mother is given protective charms and herbs.
-The baby is named.
-Mother and baby are given nutritious food.
-They put on/wear protective charms.
38. State any four roles of midwives as Sacred Practitioners in African Indigenous society.
[4]
-They helped pregnant mothers in delivery.
-They gave advice to the mother. 24
-They took care of the weak mother and child.
-They announced the sex of the child (whether male or female).
39. Explain why divorce was not common in Indigenous African culture? [6]
-Marriage was highly valued.
-Courtship was allowed in some communities.
-Marriage negotiation involved many people.
-In divorce, bride wealth was to be returned.
-A divorced person lacked dignity.
-Early education on marriage life was offered.
-Gender roles were clearly defined.
-In case of barrenness, an alternative was sought.
-Elders handled marriage disputes.
-The wife belonged to the wider community.
-Children and dowry sealed marriage.
-Clear marriage procedures were followed.
40. How was a marriage partner chosen in Indigenous Religion? [8]
-Courtship was done early by parents.
-A mediator identified a girl from a family and informed the man.
-Parents chose marriage partners.
-Young people chose who to marry.
-First wives chose girls for their husbands.
-Girls were waylaid and taken for marriage.
-Inheritance of a brother's wife.
-Bride wealth could be paid in advance.
-A girl could be given as a gift to rulers.
-To replace one who died, a girl was given.
-A girl was given as payment of fines. 25
41. Give two reasons why seclusion after childbirth is important in African Indigenous
Religion. [2]
-It protects the mother and baby from evil eyes.
-It gives the mother time to regain lost energy.
-It accords the mother time to rest.
-It marks the end of pregnancy and beginning of new life.
-It enables the mother to take maximum care of the baby.
-It enables the baby to adjust to new life.
-It enables the mother to feed well to produce enough milk.
-The mother acquires training on proper handling of the child.
42. Suggest any four moral values acquired during marriage in African Indigenous
Religion? [4]
-Faithfulness;
-Honesty,
-Humility,
-Respect;
-Love;
-Cooperation;
-Hard work;
-Hospitality/kindness;
-integrity;
-Tolerance/endurance.
43. Explain the practices in African Indigenous Religion that show belief in life after death.
[6]
-Burying the dead with some property.
-Naming the children after the dead.
-Invoking the names of the dead during important occasions.
-Taking care of the grave yard.
-Fulfilling the will of the dead. 26
-Pouring of libations to the dead;
-Offering sacrifices to the dead.
-Holding commemoration ceremonies;
-Burying the dead in a particular position.
-Giving the dead a decent burial.
44. Describe the importance of initiation ceremonies in African Indigenous Religion. [8]
-The initiate receives special education, which marks his/her moral conduct later on.
-The initiate gained a new status in life, characterized by transition from childhood to adulthood.
-One acquired new rights and privileges e.g. he/she qualified to marry or own property.
-Initiation is one of the factors that contribute to mutual and harmonious living; it unites the kins
and kith.
-It helps to form age sets and age groups, which are concerned with and for each other.
-During initiation, one is linked to God through prayer.
-Among the Ndebele and Zulu, it was a sign of courage and bravery.
-The pain felt prepares the candidate to face challenges in life.
-in circumcision, the blood- shed unites the candidate to ancestral spirits.
-Through initiation, the society's cultural heritage is preserved.
45. How were initiates prepared for life in Indigenous Religion? [6]
-The pain they faced was to encourage them to tolerate/endure challenges.
-They were exposed to hardship to prepare them for the coming adult life.
-They were taught the history of their respective communities to help them trace their ancestry.
-They lived in seclusion.
-They were grouped into age sets to share responsibility.
-They were told moral stories to sharpen their moral awareness.
-To acquire skills and develop independence.
46. Name four moral values taught to the youth during initiation in Indigenous Religion.
[4]
-Kindness;
-Honesty; 27
-Integrity;
-Perseverance;
-Cooperation;
-Hard work;
-Love;
-Chastity/self control;
-Obedience;
-Respect;
-Responsibility.
47. Explain the rituals that mark the birth of a child in Indigenous Religion. [6]
-Blessing of the newborn;
-Singing and dancing;
-Giving gifts to the mother;
-Feasting and celebration;
-Seclusion of mother and child;
-Protective charms given;
-Burial of the placenta at a secret place;
-Praises for father of the child;
48. Differentiate between a duty and a role [4]
-A duty is a moral or legal obligation, a responsibility while a role is how someone is involved in
an activity and how much influence you have on such an activity.
49. Explain the duties of children to the elderly in African Indigenous Religion? [6]
-Assist them with daily chores;
-Respect them;
-Listen to their pieces of advice;
-Obey them;
-Keep them company,
-Protect them in old age; 28
-Entertain them.
50. Why was the naming ceremony important in African Indigenous Religious? [6]
-To show that the child was accepted in the community.
-Thanking God for the new child.
-It gives a child an identity.
-It blesses a child.
-To appease the ancestors.
-It enabled us to remember important events and people.
-Brings unity among people.
-Is a sign of continuity of the society.
-To show the link between the living and the dead.
51. Describe the rituals that took place during the naming ceremony of a baby in
Indigenous Religion [8]
-Bathing of the baby as a sign of the beginning of a new life.
-Shaving of mother's and baby's hair to symbolize new life.
-Finding out the appropriate name for the baby, which identifies the child in the community.
-Praying in quest for blessing.
-Carrying or holding the baby by members of the community to show the concem of the entire
community.
-Offering gifts to the baby and mother as a sign of good will and acceptance of the child in the
community.
-Putting on Charms for protection
-Slaughtering animals for thanksgiving.
-Feasting as a sign of welcoming the baby.
52. State four ways names were acquired in Indigenous Religion [4]
-Looking at weather conditions.
-The difficulty the mother underwent during pregnancy
-Departed relatives. 29
-Relating to their religion e.g. Munashe
-Condition of the child e.g. twins.
-Place of birth e.g. on the way.
-Children could be named after a hero.
-The time of birth e.g. night.
-The prevailing natural or peculiar event.
53. Explain the role of healers/medicine men in African Indigenous Religion. [6]
-They healed the sick.
-They protected people from evil spirits.
-They advised people on how to guard themselves against death.
-They sensed when one had performed witchcraft and prescribed a cure for it.
-They helped to maintain people's fertility.
-They carried out cleansing rituals to people to draw them out of impurities.
-They offered protective charms.
54. Describe the occasions when the services of a medicine man were required in
Indigenous Religion. [8]
-During illness.
-When going for a war/raid.
-During a natural phenomenon such as famine.
-When forces of evil e.g. magic haunted someone.
-In case of impotence/barrenness/childlessness.
-When one is in need of a protective charm
-During ceremonies e.g. marriage or initiation.
55. Explain the factors that have affected the role of medicine men in modem Zimbabwe.
[6]
-Destruction of indigenous forests, which provide herbs.
-Christianity, which is against the use of herbs.
-Educated people look at herbs as backward.
-Modem medicine, which has outweighed the traditional. 30
-Most herbalists are treated with suspicion.
-The government is not giving adequate support.
-Urbanization, which has eroded most African culture.
-Most medicine men who are skilled have died.
56. State any four roles of diviners in Indigenous Society [4]
-They serve as counselors and advisors.
-They were fortune tellers.
-They can distinguish spirits that cause trouble.
-They interpret messages from the spirit world.
-They reveal the cause of mysteries.
-They preside over various cases in the community.
-They tell the causes and possible cure of sickness.
-They comfort the sick in the community.
57. Explain ways in which traditional medicine is still used in our society today. [6]
-Herbal clinics have been licensed.
-Herbs are still used.
-Medicine men are still consulted.
-Barren women seek medicine men for help.
-Research centres on traditional medicine have been established.
-Herbalists have been recognized.
58. Define the word Courtship [2]
-A period during which a couple (boy and girl) develop a romantic relationship before getting
married.
59. Give four reasons why courtship was important in Indigenous African marriage. [4]
-It helped in identification of a suitable marriage partner.
-A strong relationship was/is nurtured/established between the two families.
-The boy and the girl get a chance to learn one another and even the families they come from
-It allowed time for the two to know whether or not they are related. 31
-It was easier to know whether the two came from a marriageable clan.
-It gave enough time for marriage arrangement.
-The two parties had time to negotiate on dowry payment.
-It gave time to establish the status of the boy e.g. virginity and barrenness.
-The gifts exchanged cemented ties between the two families.
-It prepared the partners for a marriage relationship through the life education given
-The two were instructed on their responsibilities.
60. Explain the roles of a priest in African Indigenous Religion [6]
-Offered prayers during religious ceremonies.
-Performed rituals.
-Offered sacrifices on behalf of the community.
-Warned people of impending danger.
-Served as mediators between God and the people.
-Were part of decision making during calamities.
-Reconciled warring parties.
61. Explain the roles of parents in African Indigenous Society [4]
-To set good examples to their children.
-Enhancement of family unity.
-Settlement of disputes that arise in the family.
-Decision makers on all matters.
-Passing on inheritance to their off springs.
62. Explain the role of a grandfather in African Indigenous Religion. [4]
-Guided and counseled family members.
-Was a role model.
-Was a source of valuable knowledge?
-Was a link between the living and the dead.
-Was consulted on matters affecting the family.
-Was a custodian of the morals. 32
-Controlled family resources.
-Prescribed punishment for evil doers.
-Officiated in some family rituals.
-Was a family decision maker.
-Provided entertainment through story telling.
63. State four occasions when seers were consulted in African Indigenous Societies. [4]
-When misfortunes e.g. death often struck.
-Outbreak of calamities e.g. drought.
-During marriage ceremonies.
-During cleansing rituals.
-When going for a raiding expedition.
-Before initiation rites.
-During early pregnancy if any problems.
-In case of a serious disagreement.
64. Explain the role of elders in traditional African society. [6]
-They presided over ceremonies.
-They judged cases.
-They prescribed punishment to errant members.
-They offered prayers for the community.
-They led in communal sharing of property.
-They mediated between God/ancestors and the people.
-They guided and counseled the community.
-They formulated/came up with laws that governed the community.
-They led people into reconciling sessions.
65. What are rites of passage? [2]
-These are ceremonies that mark important transitional periods in a person‘s life, e.g. birth,
puberty, marriage, death. 33
66. Explain the role of rites of passage in inculcating moral values in African Indigenous
Religion [6]
-Moral values are the principles that are accepted to govern human conduct/behaviour. Some of
these moral values include:
-Obedience. Children are called upon to obey the adult, including their parents. Failure to do this
would cause them to face punishment. This is enforced during initiation.
- Respect. During initiation, the candidates are trained to respect their parents and other people.
This will give them good reputation.
-Honesty. in marriage, the couple are taught to be honest with themselves and everything they
undertake.
-Self control. During initiation, the youth are taught the importance of self control in all
situations in life.
-Mutual concern: The rights of passage are essential for they unite all members to come and
assist where necessary. They share ideas and all that they have.
-Responsibility. Young initiates are taught how to be responsible in their homes. They are
expected to look after their homes, family property and parents.
-Courage. This is tested mainly during initiation. The youth are taught to be brave in order for
them to be able to race challenges in life.
-Hard work. This was advocated while laziness was totally forbidden. During marriage, the value
is emphasized between the couple.
-Hospitality. The rites of passage call for hospitality, whereby the members are to act generously
towards others. They share food, drinks, etc.
-Loyalty. Children are called upon to be loyal to their parents and other people. Initiates, once
grouped in age sets, should remain loyal to one another.
- Appreciation. Members are asked to show gratitude to God whenever they undergo a certain
rite of passage.
67. Explain any four moral values in African Indigenous Religion. [8]
-Hospitality i.e. being generous and kind. One is able to share possession with others.
-Honesty i.e. ability to tell the truth and deal fairly with others.
-Loyalty i.e. being committed to the community's expectations without breaking any at all.
-Respect i.e. being able to recognize other people's rights, status and circumstances. 34
-Cooperation i.e. mutual aid and working together for a common purpose. Cooperation promotes
harmony.
-Obedience i.e. living in accordance with the spiritual laws and regulations of the society.
-Integrity i.e. being relied/depended on. People should have a lot of confidence in you.
-Humility i.e. the act of not being boastful of one's achievements. A humble person is cautious in
his/her actions.
-Sharing ie. giving oneself and one's time to the community, characterized by use of one's
abilities and resources to serve the community.
-Hard work ie. rebuking laziness. One has to get involved in activities that are for the betterment
of the community.
-Responsibility . This is a Caring attitude that one feels he/she should possess.
-Chastity i.e. having good sexual morals. One should only have sex in marriage without
indulging in premarital or extramarital sexual behaviour.
-Love ie. Appreciation of others and their weaknesses.
-Unity . This is a bond ie. The ability of coming together/fitting in the society. Courtesy ie. being
polite and possessing good manners.
68. What was the purpose of bride wealth in African Indigenous Society? [4]
-It was a sign of respect and appreciation of the girl's parents.
-It cements the relationship between the two families.
-It gives the wife security in her new home.
-It guarantees the right to inheritance for the children.
-It gives a man the right to his children.
-It was a symbol of unity to the society.
-It established sexual rights to the husband.
69. Give four reasons as to why ancestors were venerated in African traditional culture. [4]
-The ancestors were believed to offer solutions to certain difficulties.
-The ancestors mediated between people and God.
-Through the ancestors, people worshipped God.
-The people prayed to God through the ancestors. 35
-They protected them from certain misfortunes.
-Through the ancestors, God received people's sacrifices and offerings.
-They involved ancestors in their daily activities.
-They helped in moral upkeep.
-Through ancestors, the spirits are appeased.
70. Name four sacred places where prayers were offered in traditional African culture. [4]
-In shrines;
-Under sacred trees.
-In caves
-On mountains.
-At grave yards.
-At river banks.
-On rocks.
-At water fialls.
-In homes of religious leaders.
71. Explain the African concept of community [6]
-A community can imply a family, clan or even the school
-It is a group of people linked by common values
-This group of people share same values interest and goals
-Every community has a different view about God
-Every member is committed to his or her community
-They are called upon to come to the aid of other members of the community
-Members also participate in the life of the community
-Every community has a similar organization socially.
72. Describe the Characteristics of communities in Indigenous Religion [8]
-Common ancestor
-Unique language 36
-Occupies a particular geographical area
-Has a clear social and political organizations
-It has a distinct way of life e.g. customs, taboo, rules etc
-It includes living, the dead and the unborn
-Climatic conditions dictate the economic activities.
73. Explain the rites connected with death in African societies. [6]
-Washing/preserving the body as a sign of respect.
-Positioning graves in specific places.
-A decent burial to avoid haunting.
-Mourning to express sorrow.
-Dancing/singing to consol the bereaved.
-Looking down upon those who take their own lives.
-The fact that unfaithful partners are not allowed moving close to the dead partner.
-Sharing of property.
-Inheritance of widows.
74. Explain the reasons why taboos were important in African Indigenous Religion. [6]
-They helped to maintain the member's dignity.
-They guided people on moral behavior.
-They outlined kinship ties.
-They maintained respect to God.
-They created harmony and peace in the society.
-They guided on acceptable eating habits.
-They maintained law and order.
-They preserved the environment 37
PART B: JUDAISM
1. Define Judaism [2]
-It is an ancient, monotheistic and Abrahamic religion of the Jewish People.
-it is the totality of religious beliefs and practices of Jewish people as given by God and recorded
in the Torah.
2. Give any four Jewish Patriarchs [4]
Jewish Patriarchs can be given e. g

3. Explain Jewish ideas and beliefs about God [6]

Ideas about God may be identified, eg
• Monotheism. (God is one and unique)
• Creator.
• God who acts in history.
• God who is just.
• God who cares for his people.
• Special relationship with chosen people.
• Communicates with people.
• Covenant God.
• Omnipotence.
• Omniscience.
• Omnibenevolence.
• Supreme goodness.
4. Describe challenges to these beliefs and ideas in the modern world [8]
Challenges:
• God who is just and acts in history – challenged by persecution and the Holocaust.
• God who acts in history – challenged by many events in world history, past and present.
• Omnipotence – challenged if God doesn‘t intervene and reveal his power; also by
environmental issues.
• Communicates with people – for many, and with painful experiences, God seems silent.
• Creator – challenged by environmental issues and climate change.
• Just – challenged in world of injustice.
• Cares for his people, Covenant God, just – all challenged by Holocaust. 38
• Covenant God and Just – challenged by evil and suffering in the world.
• Monotheism – some may suggest that this is challenged by a multifaith society.
Focus here is on the challenges, to the idea about God not on challenges to Judaism.
5. Judaism as a Religion has a very complex history in its development
(a) Suggest any two places that are central to the development of Judaism [2]

Places central to the Development of Judaism e.g

ptian Slavery)

6. What four factors promoted the growth and development of Judaism? [4]
Several factors promoted the growth and Development of Judaism e.g.
ed them)

bout God are timeless.

7. Explain briefly the history of Judaism [6]

The history Judaism can be explained from:

e Israel

8. The Jewish God has several attributes and names with different meanings.
(a) Suggest any four names of God in Judaism [4]
- YHWH
39
- El (God)
- Elohim
- Eloah
- Shaddai (Almighty)
- Tzevoat (of hosts)

9. Describe any four attributes of God in Judaism [8]

-Omnipresent: God is present everywhere
-Omnipotent: God is all-powerful and able to do all things that are consistent with his nature
-Omnibenevolent: God wants only the best for his creation
-Omniscient: God is all-knowing, of past, present and future
-Creator: All existence in the universe comes from God
-Transcendent: God is not part of the material world and cannot be fully grasped by human
beings
-Immanent: God can be experienced in daily life
-Personal: Individuals have a relationship with God
-Impersonal: God is more distant and is a sphere of force.
-Eternal: God has and will always exist and is not limited by time or space.
10. Jews have so many beliefs
(a) What is a belief? [2]

-An acceptance that something exists and is true

-Trust, faith, or confidence in someone or something
11. Give any four key Jewish beliefs [4]
Key Jewish beliefs can be given
-God exists, is perfect and he created everything
-God is one
-God does not have a physical body
-God is eternal
-Only God should be worshiped 40
-God communicates with people through prophets
-Moses is the most important of the Prophets
-The Torah is God‘s law and cannot be changed.
-God will reward good and punish evil
-The belief that the Messiah will come
-The dead will be resurrected
12. Explain the key components of Jewish Scriptures [6]
-The Torah is the first part of the Jewish Scripture/Bible
-it is the central and most important part of the Bible
-Torah refers to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible
-These are Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy
-The Tanach is the word commonly used to describe the whole Jewish Bible
-The first letter refers to the Torah, then Nevim meaning Prophetic writings or prophets, and
Ketuvim meaning the writings.
-The Nevim are the books of the Prophets
-it includes prophetic stories and teachings.
-Prophets are people sent by God to guide the people, giving them warnings about behavior
-they carry the message of God.
-Ketuvim are the range of literature, from books of poetry, historical books as well as
philosophical debates such as Job
-These are the three important components of the Jewish Scripture.
13. Differentiate between the Torah and the Talmud [8]
-The Torah is a Hebrew name for the first five books of the Hebrew Bible
-It is the law and Jews believed it was handed down to Moses by God
-The Torah was given on Mt. Sinai
-Torah means guidance and instruction
-the Torah is of divine origin and is considered the word of God 41
-Meanwhile the Talmud is a kind of protocol religious debate and scholastic learning
-it is a textbook of laws, tales, and commentaries on the Mishna
14. The Talmud developed from two major components
(a) Name these components. [2]

-(Oral Law (Mishnah) and commentaries on it (Gemera)

15. Explain the nature of the Talmud [6]
The nature of the Talmud
• Application of the Law to life.
• Developed from Oral law-Mishnah, and commentaries on this – Gemara.
• Jerusalem and Babylonian Talmuds.
• There may be some detail on development of Talmud.
• Divided into 6 Sedarim – Zera‘im (seeds), mo‘ed (seasons), nashim (women), Nezikim
(damages), kodashim (holy things), and Toharot (purities).
• Subject matter practical, though debate may be very ‗academic‘.
• Distinctive methods of Talmudic debate.
• Distinctive layout of a page of Talmud.
16. Describe the use of the Talmud [8]
The use of the Talmud
• To inform people on practical issues today – especially Gemara.
• To guide on issues of practice and observation.
• Rabbinic scholarship and response.
• As a basis for rabbinic thought today.
• In religious courts (and particularly use in marriage, divorce and custody of children).
• Main subject studied in the yeshivot (Jewish academies).
• Studied in some Jewish schools.
17. The Torah is an essential component of Jewish life
(a) What is the ‘Torah’? [2]

Torah is the Jewish Law – expressed in the first five books of the Hebrew Bible.
18. Suggest four reasons why the Torah alone is important for Jews [4]
-If Torah is the word of God and divine revelation, it does not need interpretation by other
scriptures. 42
-The Torah speaks for itself.
-Discussions of the rabbis can never be as significant and meaningful as the Torah itself.
-The Talmudic debates are themselves now dated.
-Some may argue the word ‘alone‘ and suggest that the Torah needs the Talmud and other
Rabbinic writings , but the Torah can be understood without them.
However,
- Jewish scriptures are complex, and Law written centuries ago, so the interpretative tool in form
of the Talmud is required.
-In a religion in which adherence to the Law is so important, it is essential to have guidance of
this such as the Talmud
-Following the debates of the rabbis helps people today to understand the scriptures.
-Its content is so wide-ranging that it answers the majority of questions.
19. Explain the use of the Torah by the Jews [6]
Use of the Torah by the Jews:
-It is the Supreme Law
-All other laws are derived from the Torah and must be in line with the Torah
-Is used in worship and as a guideline for resolving disputes and trials
-In Religious courts
-For studies by scholars
20. Bar/ Bat Mitzvah are part of Jewish coming of Age ceremonies.
(a) What is Bar/Bat Mitzvah? [2]

It is a Jewish coming of Age rite which signifies growth and responsibility in faith.
21. Outline four practices of Bar Mitzvah [4]
rolls.

blessing giving thanks for no longer having the responsibility for boy‘s sins.
43
 s.

22. Illustrate how these practices reflect Jewish teachings and ideas. [6]
– and this is an important statement of
identity.
– the father and the boy have special roles becoming part of the
minyan.
– the boy is taking on adult roles at an
early age.
of corporate identity – part of belonging to the
Covenant. The boy‘s ‗coming of age‘ is a public event.

– learning Hebrew and his preparation to read Torah in the

synagogue.
– reflecting importance of Torah for all
Jews. He is becoming literally ‗son of the commandment‘.

23. Describe how Bar Mitzvah is a Religious Event

• Clearly has religious context and content – synagogue and reading of Torah.
• Part of religious upbringing.
• Boy becomes part of minyan – essential for synagogue worship.
• Treated with great religious solemnity by many.
However
• Not Biblical in origin – probably medieval.
• For many today, a social event.
• As demonstrated by scale of event and celebrations.
• Test of whether it is religious is how far the responsibilities are followed up in years to come.
24. (a) Name any two places of worship in Judaism [2]
Places of worship in Judaism are:
25. List any Sacred Practitioners in Judaism [4]
Sacred Practitioners in Judaism include:

and decider of matters of the law.

44
26. Describe the Sacred Attire worn by any two of the Religious Practitioners in Judaism.
[6]
Jewish attire for Priests:

to the tores

tice purple
colors for Catholic Priests represent the same and are usually worn during special seasons)

27. Judaism has a good number of Sacred Days.

(a) Define a Sacred Day [2]

A sacred day is a holy day, set aside for worship or religious purposes.
28. Suggest any four sacred days in Judaism [4]
Sacred Days/ Jewish Festivals include:

29. Explain the practices of Yom Kipur [6]

Practices of Yom Kipur Home
• Preparation during the 10 days of penitence, use of mikveh (ritual bath) and
food sent to the poor.
• Fasting for 25 hours will take place.
• Families ask for forgiveness from one another.
• They may light candles to remember dead relatives.
• Blessings are said.
• Money is collected for charity and there are festive meals before the fast with
prayers.
• Prohibitions on washing, perfumes, sex, leather shoes.
Synagogue
• Recitation of confessional prayers on afternoon before festival.
• Jews will almost certainly be there on the day.