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Circulatory System Notes

The circulatory system document summarizes the key components of the circulatory system in 3 sentences or less: The circulatory system is made up of blood vessels including arteries, capillaries and veins that carry blood away from and back to the heart. The heart is a muscular organ with four chambers that pumps blood through the blood vessels. Blood flows through the different vessels - arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, exchange occurs in capillaries, and veins return deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

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Shayan Uzzaman
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530 views6 pages

Circulatory System Notes

The circulatory system document summarizes the key components of the circulatory system in 3 sentences or less: The circulatory system is made up of blood vessels including arteries, capillaries and veins that carry blood away from and back to the heart. The heart is a muscular organ with four chambers that pumps blood through the blood vessels. Blood flows through the different vessels - arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, exchange occurs in capillaries, and veins return deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Uploaded by

Shayan Uzzaman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SNC2D Date: ________________

Circulatory System Notes

Blood Vessels
■ The cardiovascular system has three types of blood vessels:
■ Arteries (and arterioles) – carry blood away from the heart
■ Capillaries – where nutrient and gas exchange occur
■ Veins (and venules) – carry blood toward the heart

Arteries
■ Arteries and arterioles take blood away from the
heart
■ The largest artery is the aorta
■ Arterioles can constrict or dilate,
changing blood pressure

Capillaries
■ Capillaries have walls only one cell thick to allow exchange of gases and nutrients
with tissue fluid
■ Capillaries are the site of nutrient and gas exchange between body cells and the blood
SNC2D Date: ________________
Veins
■ Venules drain blood from capillaries, then join to form veins that take blood to the
heart

■ Veins often have valves that prevent the backward flow of blood when closed

The Heart
■ The heart is a cone-shaped, muscular organ located between the lungs behind the
sternum
■ The heart has four chambers: two upper, thin-walled atria, and
two lower, thick-walled ventricles
■ The septum is a wall dividing the right and left sides
SNC2D Date: ________________

Coronary Arteries: Bring oxygen and nutrients to cardiac cells

Internal view of the heart


SNC2D Date: ________________

■ The pumping of the heart sends out blood under pressure to the arteries
■ Blood pressure is greatest in the aorta; the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than
that of the right ventricle and pumps blood to the entire body

Blood Flow in Arteries


■ Blood pressure due to the pumping of the heart accounts for the flow of blood in
the arteries
■ Systolic pressure is high when the heart expels the blood
■ Diastolic pressure occurs when the heart ventricles are relaxing
■ Both pressures decrease with distance from the left ventricle because blood enters
more and more arterioles and arteries

Blood Flow in Capillaries


■ Blood moves slowly in capillaries because there are more capillaries than arterioles
■ This allows time for substances to be exchanged
changed between the blood and tissue
■ Substances exchange due to process of Osmosis: high concentration particles
flow to areas of low concentration

Blood Flow in Veins


■ Venous blood flow is dependent upon:
1) skeletal muscle contraction,

2) presence of valves in veins, and

3) respiratory movements.

■ Compression of veins causes blood to move forward past a valve that then
prevents it from returning backward

(continued on next page)


SNC2D Date: ________________
Path of blood through the heart

The Electrocardiogram
■ An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electrical changes that occur in
the myocardium (heart muscles) during a cardiac cycle

Normal ECG (top) indicates the heart


is functioning properly. The P wave occurs
just before the atrial contraction. The QRS
complex occurs just before ventricular
contraction. The T wave occurs when the
ventricles are recovering from contraction.

Ventricular fibrillation (bottom picture) is


caused by irregular beating of the ventricles.
Ventricular fibrillation is fatal if not treated.
SNC2D Date: ________________
Circulatory System Diagram

Composition of Blood

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