Procedural Text

1. Definition
Procedural Text adalah salah satu jenis teks yang berfungsi untuk menginformasikan
kepada pembaca tentang langkah-langkah melakukan sesuatu.
(Procedure text is a text which aims to inform the readers about the steps to do something).

Biasanya, teks ini diawali dengan “How to……” Contohnya, “How to

operate……” atau “How to make……”
A procedural text tells readers how to make an item or do a task orderly.

2. The Purpose

Tujuan procedure text untuk menjelaskan bagaimana sesuatu dibuat, dilakukan, atau
digunakan dengan langkah-langkah yang jelas dan berurutan.

(The purpose of procedure text is to show how something is made, used, or done through a
sequence of steps)

3. Generic structure
Here are the generic structures of procedural texts.
 Title/goal tells listeners or readers what will be explained.
 Ingredients/materials tell readers about the ingredients or materials needed. However, you
may not find it in a manual.
 Tools or equipment show what listeners or readers need to complete their jobs, but it is
optional.
 Steps/methods explain how to make an item or do a task orderly.

4. Language features of a procedural text are as follows:

 Use imperative sentences, such as prepare the ingredients; boil the chicken.
 Use action verbs, such as peel, cut, chop, pour.
 Use noun phrases, such as vegetable oil, lime leaves, and green onion.
 Use conjunctions, such as and, until.
 Use time sequences, such as first, next, then, after that.
 5. Kind of text

Recipes and manuals are kinds of procedural texts.

Recipe is a tutorial or guide how to make a certain meal or food.
A manual show how to operate or use an appliance, a tool, and a machine properly so
that users will achieve the best performance and prevent accidents, harm or damage.
The following are the structures of a manual.
 Goal/Title: states the aim of a manual.
 Parts/Optional: mention the parts of an appliance.
 Methods: explain the steps on how to operate the appliance.

6. There are two forms of procedural text are spoken and written form.
The differences between spoken and written procedural texts
Spoken Written Explanation
Spoken Written
 five hundred  500 gram We express the actions in We use past participles to
gram of tempeh tempeh sentences, usually in the express the actions of the
 two tablespoons  2 tablespoons form of imperatives, for items, for example, 3
of oil oil example: Heat the oil for peeled onions.
 three red chilies  3 red chilies deep frying.
 one teaspoon of  1 teaspoon salt We use numbers or
salt  3 onions We say the scale or value symbols to mention the
 three onions and the items, for example, scale or value of the
 3 cloves of
two tablespoons of oil and ingredients/ materials for
 three cloves of Garlic seasonings
three red chilies. example 500 gram
garlic seasonings (optional)
tempeh
(optional)
We use of to show the
relationship between the The items are preceded
scale or value and items, for by the scale or value (for
example, five hundred example 1 teaspoon salt),
grams of tempeh and one without of.
teaspoon of salt.

7. Examples of text

Manual text
Read the following text aloud.
Soldering Iron Manual
Soldering Instruction
Before you can start soldering, you need to prepare your soldering iron by tinning the tip
with the solder. This process will help improve the heat transfer from the iron to the item
You’re soldering. Tinning will also help protect the tip and reduce wear.
  Begin by making sure the tip is clean and attached to the iron and screwed tightly
in place. Turn on your soldering iron and let it heat up. If you have a soldering
station with adjustable temp control, set it to 400-degree Celsius.
 Wipe the tip of the soldering iron on a damp wet sponge to clean it. Wait a few
seconds to let the tip heat up again before proceeding to the next step.
 Hold the soldering iron in one hand and solder in the other. Touch the solder to
the tip of the iron and make sure the solder flows evenly around the tip.
 Tin the tip of your iron before and after each soldering session to extend its life.
Eventually, every tip will wear out and will need replacing when it becomes rough
or pitted.
Healthy Tips in Soldering
Most solder wires or solder paste contain lead (solder alloy is a mixture of tin and lead).
During soldering, operations lead may produce fumes that are dangerous for your health.
Besides, soldering wire usually has flux in the middle of the wire. There are different
types of cored solder with different solder to flux rate. Flux-containing rosin (colophony)
produces solder fumes that, if inhaled, can be hazardous.
Here are some tips for having a healthy environment in soldering.
 Soldering should be performed only in a well-ventilated area.
 Use smoke absorber
 Soldering iron is very HOT (for most of the soldering operation temperature of
iron is 350-400 degrees Celsius). Never touch the tip of the soldering iron with
your hand.
 Never leave your hot iron down on anything other than an iron stand
 Keep flammable liquids and materials away from the work area.
 Wear eye protection.
 Be careful of handling the electrical tool to avoid electric shock.
 Always wear safety gloves when operating it to prevent heat and electric shock.
 Do not cut off a grounding proung on an iron plug to make it fit an ungrounded
receptacle.
 Hold wires to be heated with tweezers, pliers, or clamps to avoid receiving burns
on your fingers from objects that are heated.
 Wear ESD (Electro-Static Discharge) protection if you are going to solder electro-
static sensitive components such as CMOS components. For most DIY projects it
will be good enough to wear ESD wrist straps.
 Wash your hands with soap and water after soldering.

Recipe Text

Read the following text.

Watercress, Cucumber, Broccoli, and Tarragon Juice

Watercress is one of the best foods for purifying the blood and relieving cough.
Cucumber is the cleanser and broccoli provides nutrients that assist the body’s healing and
detoxifying process. The herb also contains iodine, which aids digestion and helps to speed
up the elimination of toxins. The peppery juice is great digestive cleanser.
Ingredients:
 2 medium broccoli flowerets
 1 large bunch of watercress
 ½ cucumber
 8 fresh tarragon leaves
Instructions:
1. Chop the broccoli and cucumber into chunks.
2. Put the chunks into a juicer and blend them.
3. Combine the watercress, tarragon, and juice in a blender.
4. Whiz it until smooth.
5. Serve it on the glass and drink it immediately.

STUDENTS ACTIVITIES
Activity 1
Individually, Fill in the table with suitable verbs and nouns related to cooking activities.
Read your work aloud, in turns.
No Verb Noun
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Activity 2
Individually, Pronounce the following words properly.
What do they mean?
1. broth /bra:0/
2. prawn /pra:n/
3. vermicelli /v3.mr'tfel.i/
4. bowl /boul/
5. cracker /'kræk.a/
6. mung bean /'maŋ bi:n/
7. spice /spais/
8. topping /'ta:.piŋ/
9. wok /wa:k/
10. fragrant /'frei.grant/
Activity 3
Work in grup
Read and discuss the following texts.
Text 1
Which one is spoken or written?
Do you like some spicy food? Well, you should try this recipe. Let me tell you the
recipe for making spicy fried chili sauce with tempeh. The following process may take about
fifteen minutes for preparing and cooking.
Now, let's start to make it. First, prepare all the ingredients. You need five hundred
grams of tempeh, two tablespoons of oil, three red chilies, a teaspoon of salt, three onions,
three cloves of garlic, and seasonings (optional).
Here are the steps to make spicy fried chili sauce with tempeh. First, heat the oil for
deep frying. Then deep fry the tempeh until golden brown and crispy. Set it aside to remove
the excess oil.
Then, fry the garlic, onions, and chili in hot cooking oil until fragrant. Make sure you
have good ventilation to avoid sore eyes because of the steam from frying those ingredients.
After that, put all the fried mixture in the mortar and grind them. Add salt and
seasoning (optional) and mix them again.
Next, add tempeh and grind them all together until mushy.
Serve immediately or at room temperature. Enjoy!

Text 2
Preparation time : 5 minutes
Cook time : 10 minutes
Servings : 4 people
Ingredients:
 500 gram tempeh
 2 tablespoon oil
 3 red chilies
 1 teaspoon salt
 3 peeled onions
 3 peeled cloves of garlic
 seasoning (optional)
Instructions:
1. Prepare enough oil for deep frying. Once the oil is hot enough, deep fry the
tempeh until golden brown and crispy. Set aside to remove the excess oil.
2. Fry the garlic, onion, and chili.
3. Grind chili, garlic, and onions until mushy.
4. Add salt and seasoning (optional) and mix them.
5. Add tempeh and grind them all together until mushy.
6. Put it in a bowl and serve it.
Answer the following questions based on the texts above.
1. What are both of the texts about?
2. How long does it take to make the recipe?
3. Why do we need to set aside the fried tempeh?s
4. How many people can eat this recipe?
5. What do you think the taste of the recipe?
Activity 4
Individually, Read the text and answer the questions that follow.
Lemon tea is a refreshing tea where lemon juice is added in black or green tea. It
soothes the throat, prevents cough and congestion, and helps in weight loss. Here is how to
make it.
To make this easy and quick tea, black or green tea is boiled in the water for a few
minutes and then strained in a cup.
Then, add lemon juice from a half to one lemon, two teaspoons of honey or sugar, and
give it a mix. Your lemon tea is ready!
You can even add some mint leaves while boiling the tea. If you like ginger, you can
add it too. Add some grated ginger when you boil the tea. It adds a great flavour and makes
your tea even more refreshing.
You can even make iced lemon tea, just let the hot tea come to room temperature, add
in some ice cubes, and then add some lemon juice and honey. It is a good companion for
relaxing your body in a hot and tiring day.

Questions:
1. What is the purpose of the text?
2. What are the benefits of consuming the beverage?
3. What are the ginger and mint leaves for?
4. What is the main ingredient?
5. When does the iced lemon tea best served?

Activity 5
Individually, Complete the following text with suitable words from the box.

 Fragrant
 Heat
 Repeat
 Boil
 Breadcrumb
 few minute
 Snack.
 spring rolls
 taste
 tissue paper
 water
 whisk

Rissoles is one of the popular appetizers in Indonesia. It looks similar with

(1)___________ but the ways to make it is a little bit different. In Indonesia, you can
easily get this (2)._______________ Without
Even bother to spend your time in the kitchen. Many people sell it in the market, bakery, or even
along the street. Here is how to make rissoles with chicken ragout.
 First, we should make the wrapper. To make it, combine the flour, salt, and egg in a bowl.
Gradually add the milk, (3)_____________. Them to make a smooth texture. When it's done, heat the
non-stick pan. Take about two tablespoons of the mixture, pour into the pan, and make it thin (just
like how you make crepes). Cook it with low (4)_______________. the skin is dry and you can peel
off easily, it means it is cooked Set aside.
Second, we can make the filling. You need to heat up the wok, then sauté the onion and
garlic until Then add carrots, pepper, salt,(5)_______________. Add the meat and mix them well for
(6)_____________. When the carrots are half-cooked, add the potatoes. Continue celery, and one cup
of (7)___________. cooking until they are tender and add one tablespoon of flour mixed with water to
make the filling thicker. You can add a little of sugar to adjust the (8)_________________
Next, we make the rissoles. You can take one rissoles' wrapper then add the filling to the
bottom. Leave the bottom a few centimetres clear. Lift the wrapper over the top and tuck it in under
the filling. Fold over the left side, and then the right side and roll it up to form a tube.
(9)________________until all the wrappers are finished.
Then, we need to prepare the dipping. Dip the rissoles into a beaten egg then coat them
with bread crumbs. Deep fry them with low heat, set aside and use the (10)________________
to absorb the oil.
Serve with fresh green bird's eyes chilies or chili sauce.

Activity 6
Individually, answer the following questions based on the text in activity 5.

1. What is the second paragraph about?

2. Where can you usually find this recipe?
3. How do you know that the wrapper has already cooked?
4. What do we need the potato for?
5. What do you think the taste of this snack?

Activity 7
Work in group
Find one manual text in English. Present the manual orally in front of the class.

Activity 8
Individually, write new words and their meaning that you have learned in this material.