Ch:9 Transport in Animals
Year 10 A/G Worksheet 2 [ Paper 42] Date: /10/22
May/June 2016
All mammals have a double circulatory system. Fig. 1.1 shows part of the human double
circulatory system. 1
(a) Name the muscular wall that separates the left and right sides of the human heart.
................. septum...................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) Describe what is meant by the term double circulation.
......................................................................................................................................................
............ ................................................................................................................................ [1]
Blood flows through heart twice, for one (complete) circuit / to get back to the same point
one loop to lungs, and one loop to rest of the body
(ii) State one advantage of a double circulation.
................. ................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
Provide higher blood pressure flow rate (than single circulation)
Allows different blood pressure in each loop
(c) Table 1.1 describes some of the structures of the human circulatory system shown in
Fig.1.1. Complete the table. One row has been done for you.
left ventricle C
pulmonary vein K
Aorta P
Renal vein M
(d) Describe how blood is transported from the vena cava to the lungs. You may
use the letters on Fig. 1.1 in your description.
(d) ...........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................ [4]
Blood enters heart at right atrium/A (from the vena cava/N).
Then atrium contracts the atrioventricular valve.
Then to right ventricle / D.
Then ventricle contracts the semi-lunar valves.
Then pulmonary artery / J, to lungs /O.
(e) (i) Doctors recommend that a healthy diet can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.
Give one other lifestyle improvement patients can make that can reduce the risk of
coronary heart disease [CHD]
................................................................................................................................ [1]
More exercise, stop smoking, reduced stress, regular visit to your doctor
(ii) Sometimes surgery is required to treat coronary heart disease.
Describe the name & example of surgery that can treat coronary heart
disease..................................................................................................................... [2]
Stent: small mesh tube inserted in artery to opens, supports, the artery.
Angioplasty: unblocking of a blood vessel (tube or catheter with) balloon inserted into
artery so to inflate balloon to widen artery.
By-pass: blood vessel joined, grafted, replace, artery.
May/June 2017
3 Heart rate is influenced by electrical impulses from the brain.
(a) State the name of the type of cell that conducts electrical impulses to the heart.
.............. motor neuron..............................................[1]
(b) The electrical activity of the heart can be recorded on an ECG.
Fig. 3.1 shows an ECG of one heartbeat.
(i) Table 3.1 shows how the electrical activity, during one heartbeat, corresponds to the
opening and closing of the valves in the heart. Complete Table 3.1 using the words ‘open’
and ‘closed’.
Open Close
Close Open
Open Close
(ii) State the function of heart valves.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
To prevent backflow and ensures one-way flow of blood through the heart.
(c) Fig. 3.2 shows the ECG of an athlete before and during exercise.
(i) Calculate the heart rate, in beats per minute, before exercise begins. Show your
working and give your answer to the nearest whole number.
.....................................beats per minute [2]
48.............beats per minute [2]
Doing practice
(ii) Using Fig. 3.2, describe how the electrical activity of the heart during exercise differs
from the electrical activity before exercise begins
.. .......................................................................................................................................[3]
1 Increased electrical activity during exercise
2.Before exercise there were 48 beats per min [and during exercise it was 72 beats per
min]
3 Almost no difference in, height of peak before or during the exercise
4 Waves closer together during exercise.
(iii) Describe how the ventilation of the lungs will change while the athlete exercises.
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
The volume of the breath will increase during exercises
Ventilation rate will increase (it will be faster)
(d)
Fig. shows the human heart and the main blood vessels. The functions of the parts of the
heart and some of the blood vessels are given in Table 1.1. 1
Complete Table 1.1. One row has been done for you.
function letter on name
Fig. 1.1
structure that separates oxygenated and F septum
deoxygenated blood
structure that prevents backflow of blood from D valve
ventricle to atrium
blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood A Aorta
blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood B pulmonary artery
H vena cava
structure that prevents backflow of blood from K semilunar valve
pulmonary artery to right ventricle
chamber of the heart that contains oxygenated C left atrium
blood E left ventricle
chamber of the heart that contains J right atrium
deoxygenated blood G right ventricle
February/March 2023
1 (a) Fig. 1.1 is a simplified diagram of the circulatory system in humans.
(i) State the letter from Fig. 1.1 that represents the blood vessel that contains blood with
the highest concentration of oxygen.
.....................B........................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State the letter from Fig. 1.1 that represents the hepatic portal vein.
.....................C........................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) State all the letters from Fig. 1.1 that represent arteries.
.....................A D E................................................................................................. [1]
(iv) Explain the importance of the part labelled Y in Fig. 1.1.
separates the left side and the right side of the heart / separates right atria and ventricle
from the left atria and ventricle;
keep deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood separate
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(v) State the evidence from Fig. 1.1 that the diagram shows a double circulation system
Blood flows through the heart twice in one circuit (of the body)
There are two separate blood circuits / pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit
................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the pressure of blood flowing through different blood vessels as it
travels around the body. (Venules are narrow vessels that connect capillaries to veins.)
(i) Blood vessels X in Fig. 1.2 supply blood to skin-surface capillaries and have a role in
maintaining a constant internal temperature. State the name of the blood vessels that are
represented by the letter X in Fig. 1.2.
…………..arterioles (smaller arteries).......................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain reasons for the changes in pressure seen in the arteries in Fig. 1.2.
There is change in pressure caused by contraction of muscles of the heart.
The pressure decreases when the, heart relaxes.
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Using the information in Fig. 1.2, explain the structural adaptations of arteries and
veins.
Arteries: It has thick muscular fiber wall to withstand strong pressure.
It has small lumen to maintain the blood pressure
Veins: It has large and wide, lumen to provide less resistance for blood flow.
It has valves to prevent backflow
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..................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 14]
