evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU cwÎKv, muvBwÎkZg LÐ, †cŠl 1426/wW‡m¤^i 2019

evsjv A‡ji nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm : eûZ¡ev` Ges

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AvKmv`yj Avjg*

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BwZnv‡mi GKRb wk¶v_©x wn‡m‡e G wRÁvmvi DËi LyuR‡Z wM‡q cÖvqkB †gvo I MwZ cv‡ë
P‡jwQ| cÖeÜwU IBme wRÁvmv, Zvi DËi Ges †mBm~‡Î MwZ-cwieZ©‡bi cÖeYZv¸‡jv
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ej‡Z GKwU †fŠ‡MvwjK GKK ev AÂj ev Ô†fŠ‡MvwjK mËvÕ‡K we‡ePbvq †bqv n‡q‡Q, hv
f~-cÖvK…wZK MVbMZ cÖwµqvq ˆZwi Ges †h MV‡b gvby‡li †Kv‡bv nvZ †bB| GB Ô†fŠ‡MvwjK
mËvÕi GKw`‡K myD”P ce©Z, `yBw`‡K KwVb ˆkjf~wg, GKw`‡K we¯ÍxY© mgy`ª Ges gvSLv‡b
mgf~wgi mvg¨|2 †`L‡Z A‡bKUv wcwi‡Pi g‡Zv f~-†cøUwU `w¶Yw`‡K wKQyUv Xvjy| d‡j
wZbw`‡Ki cvnvo †e‡q †b‡g Avmv Rjivwk mn‡RB `w¶‡Yi mgy‡`ª wM‡q cwZZ nq| f~-MVb
cÖwµqv G A‡j G‡b‡Q ˆewPΨ Ñ cwð‡g ivRgnj I †QvUbvMcyi cvnvo msjMœ DËi †_‡K
`w¶Yvwfgy‡L we¯Í…Z cøvBm‡Uvwmb f~-fvM| c~‡e© i‡q‡Q gwbcyi, wÎcyiv, cveZ©¨ PÆMÖvg Ges
AvivKvb cvnv‡oi myMwVZ D”Pf~wg Ges cy‡iv `w¶Y w`KUv Ry‡o i‡q‡Q e‡½vcmvMi I
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cøveb mgf~wg, †hLv‡b c„w_exi e„nËg e-Øxc Aew¯’Z|3 bxnviiÄb iv‡qi fvlvq :
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e½-e½vj-nwi‡Kj cÖf…wZ Rbc`; fvMxi_x-Ki‡Zvqv-eª²cyÎ-cÙv-†gNbv Ges AviI AmsL¨
b`- b`x we‡aŠZ evsjvi MÖvg, bMi-cÖvšÍi, cvnvo, KvšÍvi| GB f~-LÐB HwZnvwmKKv‡ji evOvjxi
Kg©Kw… Zi Drm Ges ag©-Kg© bg©f~wg|4

*
Aa¨vcK, BwZnvm wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq| B-†gBj: aksad13@gmail.com
198 evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU cwÎKv

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AKc‡U ¯^xKvi K‡ib| GB Ô†fŠ‡MvwjK mËvÕ‡K wk‡ivavh© K‡iB GZ`‡ji gvby‡li nvRvi
eQ‡ii BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZi µgweeZ©‡bi aviv wbY©q Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| KviY GB mywbw`©ó
†fŠ‡MvwjK AÂj nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnv‡mi c_ cwiµgvq GKwU wecyj Rb‡Mvôxi mgvR I
ms¯‹…wZ iPbvi eûwewPÎ AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K ax‡i ax‡i GKwU Ômvs¯‹…wZK AÂjÕ-G cwiYZ
n‡q‡Q| AÂjwUi f~-MVb cÖwµqvi wewfbœZvB m¤¢eZ GwU‡K Ggb GKwU ÔHwZnvwmK mËvÕ
Ges Ômvs¯‹…wZK mËvÕq iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i‡Q, †hLv‡b N‡U‡Q eû ˆewP‡Î¨i GK `„óvšÍg&j ~ K
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IVvi cÖeYZv G A‡ji nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnv‡m my¯úó| GB nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm I
ms¯‹…wZi Askx`vi-Rb‡Mvôxi GKwU Ask bvbv HwZnvwmK NvZ-AwfNv‡Zi P~ovšÍ ev¯ÍeZvq
1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g ¯^vaxb-mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k iv‡ó«i Rb¥ †`q| evsjv f~-L‡Ði
nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnv‡m, mgvR Ges ag©-ms¯‹…wZi MVb, µgweeZ©b I iƒcvšÍ‡i mgš^qev`x
e¨w³‡Z¡i †h j¶Y¸wj †`Lv hvq ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k †mB DËivwaKv‡ii Askx`vi, G gšÍ‡e¨
AZy¨w³ Av‡Q e‡j g‡b nq bv|
e‡j ivLv fv‡jv, evsjv A‡ji BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZi ‰ewPΨ Ges G¸wji g‡a¨ cÖwZwbqZ
msNvZ I mgš^‡qi cÖvmw½KZvq eZ©gvb cÖe‡Ü DwjøwLZ ÔeûZ¡ev`Õ cÖcÂwUi e¨vL¨v-we‡køl‡Yi
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nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm Ges eûZ¡ev‡`i †Kv‡bv ms‡hvM i‡q‡Q wKbv Zv A‡š^l‡YiI cÖqvm MÖnY
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AvKv•ÿvi m‡½ Gi †Kvb †hvM i‡q‡Q? nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZi
µgweeZ©‡bi aviv Ges Gi wPišÍb I kvk¦Z iƒ‡ci m‡½I wK i‡q‡Q Gi †Kv‡bv ms‡hvM? G-
mKj cÖ‡kœi DËi LuyR‡Z wM‡q eZ©gvb cÖe‡Ü ZvB cÖvavb¨ cv‡e GZ`‡ji nvRvi eQ‡ii
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Avw`Kvj †_‡K BwZnv‡mi weeZ©b‡K AbymiY K‡i evsjvi ÔAvÂwjK e¨w³Z¡Õ-Gi wKQy wPišÍb
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Gi †Kvb †KvbwU nq‡Zvev ÿxYfv‡e| evsjvi g‡Zv HwZn¨ve× mgv‡R `„óvšÍ wn‡m‡e G¸wj
GKvwaK‡Z¡i ev eû‡Z¡i cÖgvY| AvR †_‡K cÖvq mv‡o wZb nvRvi eQi c~‡e© evsjvi cwðg
As‡k gvby‡li cÖ_g mymsMwVZ mgvR iPbv Ges ms¯‹…wZi c‡_ cÖ_g c`‡ÿc N‡UwQj| cÖZœ¯’j
cvÐz ivRvi wXwe Gi cªgvY|6 †e`-c~e©Kvjxb A-eªvþYxq wKQy gvby‡li nv‡ZB evsjvi †mB hvÎv
evsjv A‡ji nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm 199

ïiæ, †h hvÎvc‡_ ax‡i ax‡i G‡m‡Q eû Rb, eû fvlv, cÖfve, eû gZ, a¨vb-aviYv| GB AvMZ
Rb Ges cÖfv‡ei GKvZ¥KiYB evsjvi BwZnv‡mi cÖavb ˆewkó¨| AvZ¥xKiY Ges mgš^q
mva‡bi GB ˆewkó¨ Pwi‡Î ¯’vb w`‡qB m„wó n‡q‡Q evsjvi ÔAvÂwjK e¨w³Z¡Õ Ñ GKvwaKZ¡ ev
eûZ¡ev` hvi Awe‡”Q`¨ Abyl½|7
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†e`-c~e© Ges A-eªvþYxq DËivwaKv‡ii Avwa‡K¨i K_v ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| fvlvZvwË¡K we‡køl‡Y
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Avh© fvlv-fvlx Rb‡Mvôxi AvMg‡bi eû c~‡e©B GZ`‡j Ggb Av‡iv A‡bK Abvh© fvlv-fvlx
R‡bi wgjb-wgkÖY N‡U‡Q| ewnivMZ Avh© fvlv-fvlxR‡bi nvZ a‡i evsjvq †Mvuov
eªvþY¨ev‡`i AvMgb N‡U| wKš‘ A‡cÿvK…Z wej‡¤^ NUv G AvMgb we‡kl Zvrch©c~Y©| DËi-
cwðg fvi‡Zi nwiqvbv Ges msjMœ GjvKv †_‡K `xN© mgqe¨vcx c~e©vwfgyLx m¤úªmvi‡Yi Kvi‡Y
†Mvuov eªvþY¨ev‡`i A‡cÿvK…Z `ye©j aviv evsjvq cÖ‡ek K‡iwQj| GB `ye©jZvi cÖavb KviY,
eªvþY¨ev‡`i Ô¯’vbxq ms¯‹…wZ cwiMÖn‡Yi mnRvZ cÖeYZvÕ8 Ges evsjvi †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb I
bvbvgyLx †fŠ‡MvwjK ev¯ÍeZv hv wKbv Avh© fvlv-fvlx Rb‡Mvôxi Lye GKUv cQ‡›`i wQj bv|
evsjvi AvÂwjK e¨w³‡Z¡ eªvþY¨-c~e© ms¯‹…wZ wbM~pfv‡e wg‡k _vKvq DËi fvi‡Zi Ab¨vb¨
As‡ki Zzjbvq evsjv A‡cÿvK…Z Kg eªvþY¨Ki‡Yi m¤§yLxb nq| d‡j eªvþY¨-c~e© eûgyLx
mvs¯‹…wZK DËivwaKv‡ii m‡½ †Mvuov eªvþY¨ev‡`i ˆZwi nq GK msNvZ I AvZ¥xKi‡Yi
ev¯ÍeZv| nvRvi eQ‡ii c_ cwiµgvq evsjvi GKvwaK‡Z¡i Ôe¨w³Z¡Õ Ggb GK gvbmcU iPbv
K‡i, ewnivMZ eªvþY¨ Dcv`v‡bi AvswkK M„nxZ n‡jI †hLv‡b AÿzYœ _v‡K GZ`‡ji †e`-
c~e© ¯’vbxq †jvK ag©-ms¯‹…wZi ¯^KxqZv| †jvK ms¯‹…wZi eû‡Z¡i ev¯ÍeZv ax‡i ax‡i evsjvq
GK AvcmgyLx mgwš^Z eªvþY¨ev‡`i Rb¥ †`q|9 mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq Zuvi M‡elYvq Ggb
AmsL¨ D`vniY †`wL‡q‡Qb †hLv‡b Avh©-c~e© ¯’vbxq ms¯‹w… Zi eû Dcv`vb eªvþY¨ev‡`i m‡½
wg‡j-wg‡k GKvKvi n‡q †M‡Q|10 †cÖv‡Uv evsjv wjwci D™¢e, `yMv© †`exi cÖwZ we‡kl AvKl©Y,
Zš¿-g‡š¿i cÖvavb¨ Ges ˆ`bw›`b RxebvPv‡ii AR¯ª cÖgvYmn Av‡iv Ggb A‡bK ˆewkó¨ evsjvq
eªvþY¨ev‡`i Awe‡”Q`¨ As‡k cwiYZ nq hv cÖK…Z cÖ¯Ív‡e A-eªvþYxq| 7g kZvãxi wbabcyi
Ges wU‡civ Zv¤ªkvmb11 Ges `kg kZvãxi cwðgfvM Zv¤ªkvmb12-G †h mKj eªvþ‡Yi D‡jøL
i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i bv‡gi †klvsk A-eªvþYxq c`wehy³ Ñ †hgb P›`ª, `vm, `Ë, †Nvl, wgÎ, b›`x
BZ¨vw`| GgbwK cwðgfvM Zv¤ªkvm‡b †h mKj †`eZvi bvg DwjøwLZ Av‡Q ZvivI GKvav‡i
eªvþY¨ ag© Ges gnvhvb †eŠ× a‡g©i AšÍf©z³| G-cwiw¯’wZ‡K Abvqv‡m ÔeªvþY¨ev` I
†eŠ×a‡g©i mgwš^Z mvs¯‹…wZK cwiPqÕ e‡j AvL¨vZ Kiv hvq|13
e„nrag© cyiv‡Y `yB ai‡bi a‡g©i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Ñ ˆew`K Ges †jŠwKK| evsjv A‡j iwPZ
A‡bK Dc-cyiv‡Y mgš^qag©x avivi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q| evsjvi Dc-cyivY¸wj‡K Aa¨vcK Kzbvj
200 evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU cwÎKv

PµeZ©x †Mvuov eªvþY¨ev`x aviv Ges evsjvi AvÂwjK ¯’vbxq avivi fvimvg¨g~jK mgš^q e‡j
D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|14
evsjvi nvRvi eQ‡ii ag©-mvs¯‹…wZK Rxe‡bi Avw`c‡e© †eŠ× a‡g©i RbwcÖqZv `„óvšÍg~jK|15
evsjvq GB †eŠ× a‡g©iI iƒcvšÍi jÿYxq †hLv‡b g~wZ© c~Rv ch©šÍ ag©vPi‡Y ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
RbwcÖq n‡q‡Q gnvhvb gZev`| evsjvi AvÂwjK ˆewkó¨hy³ G-gZev`B cieZ©xKv‡j ax‡i
ax‡i Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q Pxb, wZeŸZ, †bcvj Ges `wÿY-c~e© Gwkqvi †`kgvjv I Øxccy ‡Ä|16
ˆeòeev‡`i cÖwZI evsjvi i‡q‡Q we‡kl Uvb| cÖvPxb hy‡Mi 72wU Zv¤ªkvmb ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i
we Gg gwimb †`wL‡q‡Qb, weòy evsjvi me‡P‡q RbwcÖq †`eZv Ges cÖvPxbhy‡Mi †ewkifvM
ivRvi wcÖq ag©xq gZev` wQj ˆeòe gZev`, †eŠ× gZev` bq| DËi fvi‡Z M‡o IVv ˆeòe
ag© ax‡i ax‡i evsjvq wecyj MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv jvf K‡i m¤¢eZ Gi we‡kl D`vi mvg¨fvebvi
Kvi‡YB| AevK Kivi g‡Zv welq n‡jv, cÖvPxb hy‡M DËi, ga¨ I c~e© evsjvq wewfbœ ag©xq
cÖwZôv‡b f~wg`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î ˆeòe cÖwZôvbB jvf K‡i‡Q mev©waK `vb|17 ga¨hy‡MI GZ`‡ji
eû gvby‡li Kv‡Q RbwcÖq gZev` wn‡m‡e ˆeòeev` mv`‡i M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| nvRvi eQ‡ii ag©-
mvs¯‹…wZK Rxe‡b GB we‡kl gZev‡`i cÖwZ Uvb evsjvi AvÂwjK e¨w³‡Z¡i Ggb GKwU w`‡Ki
Bw½Zevnx hv †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi †Muvovwg‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i Ges Gi AvÂwjK gvbmc‡U
eûZ¡ev‡`i cÖgvY †`q|
AÂjwUi nvRvi eQ‡ii c_ cwiµgvq eûZ¡ev` AbymÜv‡bi m‡½ RwoZ i‡q‡Q Av‡iv GKwU
cÖkœ Ñ evsjvq weivRgvb Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ ag©xq-mvgvwRK iƒc Ges cwiPq-ˆewPΨ|18
GLvbKvi Avw` gvbe‡Mvôxi b„ZvwË¡K I fvlvMZ GKvwaK‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y evsjvq gymjgvb mgvR
MV‡bi weeZ©b cÖwµqvq wbR¯^Zv ˆZwi n‡q‡Q, hv DËi fvi‡Zi ev cvðv‡Z¨i mgv‡Ri PvB‡Z
A‡bK w`K †_‡KB wfbœ| Bmjvg-c~e© Rxeb-ˆewk‡ó¨i A‡bK jÿYB G A‡j Bmjvg-cieZ©x
hy‡MI engvb †_‡K‡Q| evsjvi AvÂwjK e¨w³‡Z¡i Kvi‡YB BmjvwgKiY GLv‡b ¯’vbxq †jvK-
ms¯‹…wZi wPivqZ I kvk^Z ˆewk‡ó¨i A‡bK w`K m‡½ wb‡qB ˆZwi K‡i‡Q ¯^Zš¿ mËv| Aa¨vcK
mvjvn&DwÏb Avn&g` h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb, a‡g©i HwZwn¨K †Mvuov g‡bvfv‡ei PvB‡Z AvwZ¥K
gvbeZv‡eva me mgqB evsjvi gvb‡m AwaK cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q| 19 evsjvi MÖvgxY gymjgv‡bi
ˆ`bw›`b RxebvPi‡Y `~ieZ©x `ywbqvi gymjgvb‡`i PvB‡Z wbKUeZ©x Agymjgvb Rb‡MvôxB wQj
AvcbRb| cÖvK-gymwjg AZx‡Zi Ici cÖwZwôZ MÖvgxY gymjgvb‡`i cwiPq e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q
ZvB m„wó n‡q‡Q †ek wKQy bZzb kã Ñ Ô†dvK BmjvgÕ, Ôccyjvi BmjvgÕ, †jŠwKK ev †jvKvqZ
Bmjvg|20 Amxg ivq evsjvi Bmjv‡gi mswgkÖY cÖwµqvi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb K‡i Ôwmb‡µwUKÕ
ev mgš^qev`x Bmjv‡gi K_vI †Rv‡i-†kv‡i cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb|21
BwZnvmwe`MY ZvB eiveiB evsjvq ag©xq ms¯‹…wZi †ÿ‡Î mnbkxjZv Ges D`viZv jÿ
K‡i‡Qb| cÖvPxb I ga¨hyMmn G A‡ji nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnv‡m AmsL¨ `„óvšÍ i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b
evsjv A‡ji nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm 201

eªvþY¨ev` Ges †eŠ× gZev` wbiew”Qbœfv‡e G‡K Ac‡ii KvQ †_‡K ivR‰bwZK c„ô‡cvlKZv
jvf K‡i‡Q| evsjvi †eŠ× kvmKMY mbvZb ag©xq cÖwZôvb ev eªvþY‡`i f~wg`vb K‡i‡Qb
Aejxjvq| †eŠ× m¤ªv‡Ui mfvm`, mfvKwe I AgvZ¨e‡M©i A‡b‡KB wQ‡jb eªvþY¨ gZvbymvix|
ivóªxq chv©‡q agx©q mwnòzZv I D`viZv‡K A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB bxwZ wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
ˆeòe gZev‡`i cÖwZ evsjvi AMÖvwaKvi‡K bxnviiÄb ivq h_v_©fv‡eB ÔD`vi mvg¨ fvebvÕ I
ÔgvbeZvi Av`k©Õ e‡j AvL¨vZ K‡i‡Qb|22 GKB cÖwµqvq cieZ©x mg‡q BmjvgI ag©xq
mwnòzZv, mnbkxjZv, D`viZv I gvbeZvi `„óvšÍ ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q ivóªxq AvPv‡i, bvbvwea
mvgvwRK ixwZ I cÖ_vq| wiPvW© BUb AmsL¨ `wjj Dc¯’vcb K‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb, ivóªxq c`-
c`we‡Z Ges f~wg m¤úmªviY bxwZi ev¯Íevq‡b evsjvq gymjgvb kvmKMY wfbœ agv©ej¤^x
Rb‡Mvôx‡K Kxfv‡e D`vi c„ô‡cvlKZv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|23
Ab¨w`‡K MÖvgxY mgvR KvVv‡gvi Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv K‡i AvKei Avjx Lvb Ô†LvjvMÖvgÕ Ges
Ôh~_e× MÖvgÕ-Gi †h weeiY w`‡q‡Qb Zv †_‡K ¯úó cÖZxqgvb nq, h~_e× MÖvg¸wj‡Z
eªvþY¨a‡g©i mgvRe¨e¯’v mycÖwZwôZ, ag©xq I mvgvwRK ixwZbxwZ cÖkœvZxZfv‡e M„nxZ, mgv‡R
eªvþ‡Yi †bZ…Z¡ ev cÖvavb¨ ¯^xK…Z Ñ mvgvwRK gyw³i Rb¨ ag©všÍiKi‡Y †mB As‡ki gvby‡li
ZvB nq‡Zv AvMÖn Kg wQj| DËi fviZ ev `wÿY fviZ ev GgbwK nq‡Zv evsjvi cwðg
As‡k Bmjv‡g ag©všÍi GB h~_e× MÖvg KvVv‡gvi Kvi‡YB e¨vcKfv‡e MÖvgxY Rxeb‡K
Av‡›`vwjZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|24
GZÿY mswÿßvKv‡i hv ejvi †Póv K‡iwQ Zvi mvigg© GB †h, evsjvi nvRvi eQ‡ii ag©-
mvs¯‹…wZK Rxeb MV‡bi BwZnvm cÖK…Z cÖ¯Ív‡e mswgkÖY, mgš^q Ges AvZ¥xKi‡Yi AšÍwb©wnZ
cÖvYkw³m¤úbœ eûZ¡ev‡`iB BwZnvm| cÖv‰MwZnvwmK mgq †_‡K Gi ïiæ Ges HwZnvwmKKv‡j
AvR Aewa eûZ¡ev`x mgvR-ms¯‹…wZ Ges ag©xq Rxebavivq GB cÖeYZv mwµq| eªvþY¨ev‡`i
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mvs¯‹…wZK e¨w³‡Z¡ eûZ¡ †hgb ¯úó, †Zgwb GB eû‡Z¡i g‡a¨B mnbkxjZv, D`viZv Avi
gvbeZvi gš¿ Mfxifv‡e cÖwZwôZ| †eŠ×ag©, ˆeòeev` Ges Bmjv‡gi wecyj RbwcÖqZv evsjvi
D`vi g‡bvfv‡eiB ewntcÖKvk| cÖvPxb I ga¨hy‡Mi Ph©vc‡`, ˆeòe mvwn‡Z¨, mnwRqv I evDj
mvwn‡Z¨ Ges ˆPZb¨ I bv_ mbœ¨vmx‡`i ag©vPi‡YI memgqB gvbeZv I D`viZvi myi aŸwbZ-
cÖwZaŸwbZ n‡q‡Q| evsjvi e¨w³‡Z¡ mnbkxjZv, D`viZv I gvbeZv‡ev‡ai cÖwZ we‡kl
AvKl©Y I AZxe kÖ×v jÿ K‡i bxnviiÄb ivq e‡j‡Qb †h, GB D`vi mvg¨fvebv I gvbeZvi
Av`k©B Ôga¨c‡e©i nv‡Z Avw`c‡e©i †kÖôZg; gnËg DËivwaKviÕ| 25 GB mvg¨fvebv I
gvbeZvi Av`‡k©i IciB ga¨hyMxq evsjvi e„nËg I MfxiZg ag© I mgvR wecø‡ei weewZ©Z
BwZnvm iwPZ n‡q‡Q| Avi GB BwZnv‡mi avivevwnKZvq GZ`‡ji mgvR-ms¯‹…wZ
202 evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU cwÎKv

cÖwZwbqZ beZi iƒc cwiMÖn K‡i‡Q Ges Gi wPivqZ aviv AÿzYœ †i‡LB HwZ‡n¨i GK kvk¦Z
iƒcmn `xN© c_ cvwo w`‡q eZ©gv‡b G‡m †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| D`viZv Avi gvbeZv‡ev‡a wm³ evsjvi
ÔAvwZ¥K ms¯‹…wZÕ eiveiB mv‡g¨i evYx, fvZ„‡Z¡i evYx Ges mevi Ic‡i gvbeZvi evYx cÖPvi
K‡i‡Q| ZvB nq‡Zv ga¨hy‡Mi Kwei D”PviY Ñ mevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨, Zvnvi Dc‡i bvB Ñ
evsjv‡ZB D”PvwiZ n‡qwQj|26
wZb
evsjv A‡ji nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnv‡m eûZ¡ev` Ges ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Pvi ivóªbxwZ m¤úwK©Z
Av‡jvPbvq ivR‰bwZK †cÖÿvc‡Ui `„wó‡KvY †_‡KI welqwUi wKQy we‡kølY Kiv Avek¨K e‡j
g‡b Kwi| †Kbbv evsjvi GKK †fŠ‡MvwjK mËvq ÿz`ª ÿz`ª bvbvgyLx ivR‰bwZK cwiPq M‡o
IVvi cÖwµqv GZ`‡ji nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnv‡m mwµq| G-mwµqZviB GK HwZnvwmK
ev¯ÍeZvq evsjvi c~e© I `wÿY-c~e© As‡k ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¥ nq 1971 mv‡j| nvRvi
eQ‡ii ag©-mvs¯‹…wZK Ges mgvR MVb cÖwµqvi avivevwnKZvq ivóª MVb cÖwµqvI AveZ©b-
weeZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q ax‡i ax‡i mvg‡b GwM‡q‡Q| GZ`‡ji gvby‡li g‡a¨ Ô†`k‡cÖgÕ Ges
ÔRvZxqZvev`x †PZbvÕi mvs¯‹…wZK I ivR‰bwZK AvKv•ÿv µ‡gB cwiùzU n‡q‡Q| G-
AvKv•ÿvi eqm wba©viY Kiv `yiƒn, wKš‘ ey‡S ev bv ey‡S Gi jÿY¸wj †h evsjvi Awaevmx‡`i
g‡a¨ axi MwZ‡Z cÖKvk †c‡Z ïiæ K‡iwQj †m wel‡q m‡›`‡ni AeKvk Kg|
†Kvb GKwU Rb‡Mvôxi ivR‰bwZK cwiPq MV‡bi `~ieZ©x †cÖÿvcU H Rb‡Mvôxi ag©-mvs¯‹…wZK
Ges mgvR MV‡bi HwZnvwmK cÖwµqvi g‡a¨B LuyR‡Z nq| cÖwµqvwU bvbvwea Kvi‡Y evsjvq
†ek kw³kvjx wQj| evsjvi GKK †fŠ‡MvwjK mËvq ag©-mvs¯‹…wZK eû‡Z¡i Dcw¯’wZ Ges
mgvR I ms¯‹…wZi MV‡b mswgkÖY I mgš^‡qi `„óvšÍgj
~ K cÖfve GB kw³kvjx cÖwµqvi Kvi‡YB
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†fŠ‡MvwjK BDwb‡Ui e¨vL¨v K‡i gwimb †`wL‡q‡Qb, ivp, cyЪ, e½ Ges mgZ‡U ÔRbÕ †_‡K
Kxfv‡e ÔRbc`Õ M‡o D‡V‡Q|28 Avw` gvbe emwZi GB wefvR‡b evsjvi eo eo b`xi `vq
†hgb i‡q‡Q †Zgwb f~-MV‡bi ZviZg¨ GB wefvRb I wew”QbœZv‡K `xN©¯’vqx K‡i‡Q, ˆewPΨ-
eû‡Z¡ c„_K gvÎvhy³ K‡i‡Q| ivp-cyЪ GjvKvq †MŠo bv‡g GK ivR¨-mËv M‡o I‡V 6ô-7g
kZ‡K| cÖvq GKB mg‡q e½-mgZ‡U M‡o I‡V e½ bvgK c„_K ivR¨-mËv| Kv‡ji weeZ©‡b
GB `yB mËvi cvkvcvwk Ae¯’vb `xN© mg‡qi| ivR¨-ivóª MVb cÖwµqv ax‡i ax‡i GB wØ-mËv
MV‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| g‡b ivLv `iKvi, GB c„_K `yB mËvi Af¨šÍ‡iI wQj †ek wKQz ÿz`ª
ÿz`ª cwiPq MV‡bi cÖqvm Ges HwZnvwmK-†fŠ‡MvwjK BDwb‡Ui Aw¯ÍZ¡|
evsjv A‡ji nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm 203

†gŠh© hy‡M DËi fviZxq mv¤ªv‡R¨i AšÍfy©³ nq ivp-cyЪ| RbKj¨vYgyLx cÖv‡`wkK kvmb
KvVv‡gvi AvIZvq Av‡m evsjvi cÖ_g bMi‡K›`ª cyЪbMi|29 Gici GZ`‡j ÔM½vwiWvBÕ
bv‡g GK ivR¨-ivóª M‡o I‡V hvi wQj wecyj mvgwiK kw³ Ges evwYwR¨K mg„w×| wMÖK-jvwZb
†jLbx‡Z Gi cÖgvY i‡q‡Q|30 ¸ß kvmbKv‡j evsjvq ¯Íixf~Z I myweb¨¯Í cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv
`„pwfwˇZ cÖwZwôZ nq| ˆZwi nq fzw³, welq, gÐj, exw_ Ges MÖvg kvmb e¨e¯’v| cÖkvmwbK
KvVv‡gv‡Z RbM‡Yi AskMÖn‡Yi e¨e¯’v ivLv nq| i‡gkP›`ª gRyg`vi G e¨e¯’v‡K ÿgZvi
we‡K›`ªxKiY Ges ¯’vbxq ¯^vqËkvm‡bi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb|31 ¸ß‡`i `v‡gv`icyi Zv¤ªkvm‡b
hvi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq|32 G mgq †_‡KB f~wg m¤úªmviY bxwZi AvIZvq evsjvi wewfbœ As‡k
gvbe emwZiI e¨vcK we¯Ívi NU‡Z ïiæ K‡i|
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M‡o IVvi jÿY¸wj cwiùzU nq| `wÿY-c~e© evsjvq c„_K kvm‡bi BwZnvm GLb meviB
Rvbv|33 7g kZvãx‡Z ˆPwbK ch©UK †Rvqvs Rvs evsjvi AšÍZ cuvPwU †`k ev iv‡R¨i D‡jøL
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mvs) †MŠovwacwZ kkv‡¼i e„nËi ivR¨-mËv M‡o †Zvjvi bvbvgyLx AvKv•ÿvi eY©bv wjwce×
K‡i‡Qb Zvi ågY-e„Ëv‡šÍ| kkv‡¼i mgq mgZU †h c„_K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU ivR¨-mËv wn‡m‡e
cÖwZwôZ wQj Zv GB ˆPwbK ch©U‡Ki eY©bvi wfwˇZ cÖgvwYZ|34 Aóg kZvãx †_‡K evsjvi
DËi I cwðg As‡k cvj es‡ki kvmb Pvjy nq Ges `xN© PvikÕ eQi Zviv ivRZ¡ K‡ib|
GKB mg‡q mgZ‡U †`e ivResk Ges wKQy c‡i e½-mgZU GjvKvq P›`ª I eg©b‡`i kvmb
cÖwZwôZ nq, hv‡`i ivRavbx wQj weµgcyi|35
cvj‡`i ivRZ¡Kv‡j bvbvgyLx NUbv I AwfÁZvi m¤§yLxb nq evsjvi DËi Ges DËi-cwðg
As‡ki GK wecyj Rb‡Mvôx| we¯Í…Z mv¤ªvR¨, mv¤ªv‡R¨ myôy kvmb e¨e¯’v, cÖRvermj kvmbbxwZ,
wewfbœ wkíKjvi †ÿ‡Î Af~Zc~e© DrKl© mvab Ges mvwnZ¨ I ÁvbPPv© Ñ GmeB cvj hy‡Mi
K…wZZ¡ I †MŠie wn‡m‡e e¨vL¨vZ nq| cvj m¤ªvUMY ivóªxq bxwZ wn‡m‡e †hgb ag©xq m¤úªxwZi
bxwZ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb, †Zgwb `wÿY-c~e© evsjvq †eŠ× ag©vej¤^x P›`ª kvmKMYI cÖvq GKB
bxwZ‡Z Zv‡`i kvmb KvR cwiPvjbv K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib| P›`ª‡`i Aax‡b
wb®‹i f~wg`v‡bi gva¨‡g eªvþY¨Ki‡Yi †h cÖgvY cwðgfvM Zv¤ªkvm‡b cvIqv hvq Zv `kg
kZ‡Ki evsjvi mgvR BwZnv‡mi GK weij I `„óvšÍg~jK Aa¨vq|36 cvj Ges P›`ª m¤ªvUMY
†eŠ× nIqv m‡Ë¡I eªvþY †`e-†`eZv Ges m¤úª`v‡qi cÖwZ Zv‡`i AKzÚ c„ô‡cvlKZv cÖ`vb
K‡ib| A‡bK BwZnvmwe` cvj-P›`ª hy‡Mi we‡kl ˆewkó¨ wn‡m‡e ag©xq m¤úªxwZ I mnve¯’vb‡K
wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb| eZ©gvb cÖe‡Ü B‡Zvg‡a¨ G wel‡q wKQzUv Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cvj hy‡Mi mvwn‡Z¨i g‡a¨ ivgPwiZg Kve¨wU me©-fviZxq mvwnZ¨vm‡i mgv`„Z n‡qwQj|
e‡i‡›`ªi Kwe mܨvKi b›`x Gi iPwqZv| GK weij Kve¨ixwZ AbymiY K‡i GB ب_©‡evaK
Kve¨wU iPbv Kiv nq| Aa¨vcK kvnvbviv †nv‡mb mܨvKi b›`x‡K evsjv I evOvwji cÖ_g
204 evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU cwÎKv

ÔRvZxqZvev`xÕ BwZnvmwe` wn‡m‡e AvL¨vZ K‡i‡Qb| cvj‡`i RbKfy e‡i›`ª‡K AwZgvÎvq

gwngvwš^Z Kivi cÖeYZv Ges †`k‡cÖg RvMÖZ Kivi †h cÖqvm mܨvKi b›`x MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb
Zv †_‡K ¯úó nq †h, GKv`k kZ‡KB evsjvi m‡PZb gn‡j ÔRvZxqZvev`Õ-Gi a¨vb-aviYv
M‡o DV‡Z ïiæ K‡iwQj| GgbwK ivgcvj‡K G MÖ‡š’ Ggbfv‡e Av‡jvwKZ Kiv n‡q‡Q hv
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m½Z Kvi‡YB mܨvKi b›`xi my`„wó †_‡K ewÂZ n‡q‡Q| ejv evûj¨, AvaywbK RvZxqZvev‡`i
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e‡j g‡b nq bv|
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kv¯¿-mn Av‡iv †ekwKQy mvwn‡Z¨ evsjvi gvby‡li ivóª I ivR¨-mËv welqK gvbwmKZvi cÖv_wgK
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n‡j †gv‡UB AZy¨w³ n‡e bv †h, †mb m¤ªvUMYB Øv`k kZ‡K evsjvi GKK †fŠ‡MvwjK mËvq
cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv GKK ÔivóªÕ/ivR¨-mËv M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb|39 hw`I GB ALÐ ivóª/ivR¨-mËv
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ÿz`ª c„_K ivR¨-mËvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ Lye mn‡R we‡jvc nevi †Zgb my‡hvM wQj bv| d‡j ga¨hy‡M
ax‡i ax‡i Ô†MŠoÕ Ges Ôe½Õ mËvi c„_K cwiPq M‡o I‡V ÔjL‡bŠwZÕ Ges Ô†mvbviMuvIÕ bv‡gi
wfbœ cÖkvmwbK cwiP‡qi Av`‡j| G mgq ÔmvZMuvIÕ bv‡gI c„_K GKwU cÖkvmwbK †K›`ª
cwiwPZ wQj|
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kvn&‡K Ôkvn&-B-ev½vjvn&Õ, Ôkvn&-B-ev½vwjqvÕ Ges ÔmyjZvb-B-ev½vjvn&Õ AvL¨vq AvL¨vZ
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mgMÖ f~-fvM GK ALÐ ÔivóªÕ/ivR¨-mËvi AšÍf©y³ nq| evsjvi nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnv‡m GB
`yB kZvãxKvj AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|41 Bwjqvm kvnx, cieZx© Bwjqvm kvnx Ges †nv‡mb kvnx
myjZvbMY wfb‡`kxq ÔBmjvwg kvmbÕ‡K G-mgq Ôevsjvi gymwjg kvmbÕ-G iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡ib|
GB iƒcvšÍi N‡UwQj kvmK‡`i D`vi ivóªbxwZi Kvi‡Y †hLv‡b mvg¨fvebv, mnbkxjZv Ges
cÖkvm‡b mKj gvby‡li AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv n‡qwQj| f~wg m¤úªmviY bxwZ‡ZI ag©-eY©
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cÖwZ evsjvi kvmKMY D`vifv‡e c„ô‡cvlKZv cÖ`vb K‡ib| nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnv‡mi ag©-
evsjv A‡ji nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm 205

mvs¯‹…wZK cÖwµqvq †h m¤úªxwZi HwZn¨ Ges mwnòzZvi aviv ¯úófv‡e we`¨gvb wQj, gymjgvb
kvmKMY †mB aviv‡KB cwicyó K‡ib| ax‡i ax‡i evsjvq M‡o I‡V cwiP‡qi wKQy bZzb iƒc
Ñ Ôevsjvi gymjgvbÕ/ÔevOvwj gymjgvbÕ, Ôevsjvi wn›`yÕ/ÔevOvwj wn›`yÕ Ges Ôevsjvi †eŠ×Õ/
ÔevOvwj †eŠ×Õ BZ¨vw`|
G-mKj cwiP‡qi cvkvcvwk GZ`‡ji evsjv e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ fvlv-fvlx Rb‡MvôxI wbR¯^
ag©-wek¦vm Ges mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ AÿzYœ †i‡L nvRvi eQ‡ii eûZ¡ev`x BwZnv‡mi AveZ©b-
weeZ©‡b wb‡R‡`i hy³ K‡ib| Avi GKUy AMÖmi n‡q GK_v ej‡j AZz¨w³ n‡e bv †h, evsjvi
kvmK‡Mvôxi cÖvq mKj‡KB GB eû‡Z¡i ev¯ÍeZv †g‡b wb‡qB ÔivóªÕ/ivR¨ kvmb Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q|
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Av‡›`vjb wQj evsjvi `xN© BwZnv‡m mvaviY gvby‡li ¯^Ztù~Z© cÖwZev`-cÖwZ‡iva Ges ¯^Kxq
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cwðg Ask cwðge½ bv‡g Ges me©c~e©cÖv‡šÍi wKQy Ask wÎcyiv bv‡g hy³ nq fvi‡Zi m‡½|
evsjvi ALÐ †fŠ‡MvwjK mËvi Av‡iv wKQy LÐ LÐ Ask wenvi, SvoLÐ, Dwol¨v Ges Avmvg
bv‡gi cÖ‡`‡ki m‡½ hy³ nq|
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ivRbxwZ I AvKv•ÿv c~e© evsjvq cÖej n‡Z _v‡K 1948 mvj †_‡K| `yB `dvq msNwUZ fvlv
Av‡›`vjb, wkÿv Av‡›`vjb, 6-`dv Av‡›`vjb, 69-Gi MY Afy¨_vb Ges mˇii wbe©vPb wQj
cÖK…Z cÖ¯Ív‡eB ÔRvZxqZvev`xÕ Av‡›`vjb| G-mKj Av‡›`vj‡b wewfbœ ag©, gZ I c‡_i cÖvq
mKj gvby‡li mg_©b I AskMÖnY wQj| GiB avivevwnKZvq 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy× msNwUZ nq
Ges e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb GKRb ÔRvZxqZvev`x †bZvÕ wn‡m‡e gvby‡li Kv‡Q ¯^xK…wZ
cvb| gyw³hy‡× evsjvi c~e© Ges `wÿY-c~ev© s‡ki cÖvq mKj wn›`y, †eŠ×, wLªóvb Ges gymjgvb
206 evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU cwÎKv

AskMÖnY K‡ib| Avw`evmx Rb‡MvôxI GZ`‡ji mKj gvby‡li g‡ZvB wbR¯^ fvlv-ms¯‹…wZ
iÿv, A_©‰bwZK gyw³ Ges Aw¯ÍZ¡ iÿvi jovB‡q kvwgj nb| evsjvi nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnv‡mi
AveZ©b-weeZ©‡bi GgbB GK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© av‡c ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¥ nq|
Pvi
¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m bvbvgyLx ؇›Øi †h cÖej Dcw¯’wZ `„k¨gvb Zvi cÖavb
KviY¸wji Ab¨Zg wn‡m‡e G A‡ji nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZi avivevwnKZvq
eûZ¡ev` ev GKvwaK‡Z¡i Dcw¯’wZi welqwU D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki
ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡mi GB RwUj ؇›Øi mgxKiY †gjv‡bv ev e¨vL¨v cÖ`v‡bi we¯ÍvwiZ I Mfxi
AbymÜvb m‡PZbfv‡eB eZ©gvb cÖe‡Üi AvIZvi evB‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ ivR‰bwZK
BwZnv‡mi µgweeZ©b, nvRvi eQ‡ii c_ cwiµgvq ÿz`ª ÿz`ª cwiPq M‡o IVvi cÖqvm-cÖeYZv,
mvs¯‹…wZK AvZ¥-cwiPq MVb-cÖwµqvi cvkvcvwk ax‡i ax‡i e„nËi ivóª‰bwZK ev RvZxq cwiPq
M‡o IVvi cÖwµqv Ges GB cÖwµqvq eû‡Z¡i Aw¯ÍZ¡ I cÖfve m¤ú‡K© ms‡ÿ‡c wKQy gšÍe¨
_vK‡e cÖe‡Üi GB As‡k| ïiæ‡ZB †hgbwU cÖkœ †i‡LwQjvg, ¯^vaxb esjv‡`‡ki Pvi ivóªbxwZ
wK †Kej Rb‡bZv‡`i gw¯Í®‹cÖm~Z bvwK GZ`‡ji `xN© BwZnvm I HwZ‡n¨i m‡½ m½wZc~Y©?
GZ mgq †h Av‡jvPbv Zz‡j a‡iwQ Zv evsjvi nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm-HwZ‡n¨i wPišÍb I
kvk¦Z iƒ‡ci K‡qKwU we‡kl w`‡Ki cÖwZ Bw½Zevnx| Zvrch©c~Y© G-mKj w`‡Ki g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q
ag©xq mwnòzZv, mnbkxjZv, m¤úªxwZ, D`vi mvg¨ fvebv Ges gvbeZvi cÖwZ cÖej †SuvK|
¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Pvi ivóªbxwZi cÖvq me¸wjB †Kvb bv †Kvbfv‡e DwjøwLZ wPivqZ ˆewk‡ó¨i
m‡½ msMwZc~Y© Ges mshy³|
1972 mv‡j M„nxZ msweav‡bi cÖ¯Ívebvq ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Pvi ivó«bxwZ ev ivó« cwiPvjbvi
Pvi Av`k© wn‡m‡e RvZxqZvev`, mgvRZš¿, MYZš¿ I ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi K_v †NvlYv Kiv nq| 43
GKB eQi 16 wW‡m¤^i †_‡K msweavb Kvh©Ki n‡j G-mKj Av`k© ¯^xKw…Z cvq evsjv‡`‡ki
ivó«bxwZ ev iv‡ó«i g~j ¯Í¤¢ wn‡m‡e| msweav‡bi cÖ¯Ívebvq DwjøwLZ PviwU g~jbxwZ‡K msÁvwqZ
Ki‡Z wM‡q RvZxqZvev` cÖm‡½ ejv n‡q‡Q, evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i HK¨ I msnwZi g~‡j
i‡q‡Q fvlv I ms¯‹…wZi AwfbœZv Ges `„pcÖwZÁ msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g RvZxq ¯^vaxbZv AR©b
(Aby‡”Q`-9)| gvby‡li Ici gvby‡li †kvl‡Yi Aemvb NwU‡q b¨vqvbyM mgvR-e¨e¯’v wbwðZ
Kiv Ges A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK mywePvi cÖwZôv‡K mgvRZš¿ wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q
(Aby‡”Q`-10)| MYZš¿‡K Ggb GK c×wZ wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b †gŠwjK
gvbevwaKvi, gvby‡li gh©v`v I ¯^vaxbZvi wbðqZv _vK‡e Ges cÖkvm‡bi me©¯‡Í i wbe©vwPZ
cÖwZwbwa‡`i mgš^‡q RbM‡Yi mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv n‡e (Aby‡”Q`-11)| †h †Kv‡bv
cÖKvi mv¤cª`vwqKZv, ag‡©K ivR‰bwZK D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨envi Ges me ai‡bi ag©xq ˆelg¨ cwinvi
Kiv‡KB ag©wbi‡c¶Zviƒ‡c msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q (Aby‡”Q`-12)|44
evsjv A‡ji nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm 207

AevK Kivi g‡Zv GKwU welq n‡jv, 1949 mv‡j iwPZ fviZxq msweav‡b mgvRZš¿ Ges
ag©-wbi‡cÿZvi Av`k© AšÍf³ ©y nqwb| GwU AšÍf©y³ nq 1977 mv‡j msweav‡bi wØPZ¡vwisk
ms‡kvabx‡Z| 1949 mv‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi MYcwil‡` wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb †h ‘Objective
Resolution’ Dc¯’vcb K‡ib, Zv‡Z †Kej iv‡óªi bq, wek¦ PivP‡ii mve©‡fŠgZ¡ Avjøvni
Dci eZv©‡bv nq| 1950 mv‡j msweav‡bi g~jbxwZ KwgwUi wi‡cv‡U© GiB cybive„wË Kiv nq
Ges 1956 mv‡j M„nxZ msweav‡b cvwK¯Ívb‡K ÔBmjvwg cÖRvZš¿Õ e‡j †NvlYv Kiv nq| A_P
¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k 1972 mv‡j cÖYxZ cÖ_g msweav‡bB evsjv‡`k‡K ÔMYcÖRvZš¿Õ Ges Gi
bxwZ wn‡m‡e mgvRZš¿, MYZš¿, RvZxqZvev` I ag©wbi‡cÿZvi K_v ejv nq|45 †Kej nvRvi
eQ‡ii BwZnv‡mi cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿ Bw½Z †_‡K bq, cvwK¯Ív‡bi 24 eQ‡ii BwZnv‡m c~e©
evsjvi gvby‡li †h ivR‰bwZK msMÖvg †mLvb †_‡KI Gme Av`k© ev axK‡íi m‡½ gvby‡li
Mfxi ms¯ª‡ei cÖgvY cvIqv hvq|
1955 mv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi bvg †_‡K gymwjg kã ewR©Z nq| 1956
mv‡j msweavb cªYq‡bi mg‡q †kL gywReyi ingvb cvwK¯Ív‡bi bvg ÔBmjvwg cÖRvZš¿Õ ivLvi
e¨vcv‡i Zxeª AvcwË K‡ib| 1969 mv‡j ivRbxwZ‡Z a‡g©i e¨env‡ii weiæ‡×I wZwb MÖnY
K‡ib K‡Vvi Ae¯’vb| 1970 mv‡j GKwU we‡kl AW©vi Rvwii gva¨‡g cvwK¯Ívb‡K ÔBmjvwg
cÖRvZš¿Õ †NvlYv Kiv n‡j †kL gywRe Zv evwZj Kivi †Rvi `vwe K‡ib| QvÎ BDwbqb
me©mg‡ÿ cÖ¯Íve K‡i †h, Ôivóª nB‡e ag©wb‡i‡cÿ MYZvwš¿K cÖRvZš¿Õ| 10 GwcÖj 1971-G
¯^vaxbZvi †h †NvlYvcÎ Dc¯’vwcZ nq, Zv‡Z evsjv‡`k‡K ÔMYcÖRvZš¿Õ e‡jB wPwýZ Kiv
nq|46
mgvRZ‡š¿i AšÍwb©wnZ myi evsjv‡`‡ki nvRvi eQ‡ii mvs¯‹…wZK Rxeb-avivq †h engvb wQj
Zv AvR‡Ki Av‡jvPbvi cÖ_g w`‡K wKQzUv Zz‡j aivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki
ivR‰bwZK A½‡b ÔivR‰bwZK AvKv•ÿvÕ wn‡m‡e AvaywbK mgvRZ‡š¿i K_v cÖ_g my¯úói~‡c
D”PvwiZ nq 1950 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi‡Z XvKvq AbywôZ cvwK¯Ívb msweavb-m¤úwK©Z cÖ_g
RvZxq gnvm‡¤§j‡b| GLv‡bB ejv nq †h, cvwK¯Ívb n‡e GKwU mve©‡fŠg mgvRZvwš¿K
cÖRvZš¿| we‡`wk cyuwR ev‡Rqvß Kivi `vwe D”PwKZ nq| eo eo wkí, e¨vsK I exgv cÖwZôvb
RvZxqKi‡Yi `vwe I‡V| 1949 mv‡j AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM Pvq cÖavb cÖavb wk‡íi
RvZxqKiY| hy³d«‡›Ui 21 `dvq cvU wk‡íi RvZxqKi‡Yi cÖwZkªæwZ †`Iqv nq| AvIqvgx
jxM mgvRZ‡š¿i K_v cÖ_‡g e‡j m¤¢eZ 1966 mv‡ji `jxq †NvlYvc‡Î| 1969 mv‡j cÖPvwiZ
ÔbxwZ I Kg©m~wPÕ‡Z `‡ji jÿ¨ wn‡m‡e ewY©Z nq ÔA_©‰bwZK b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôvK‡í mgvRZš¿
Kv‡qgÕ|47 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vPbx fvl‡YI e½eÜz RvZxqKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_v Zz‡j
a‡ib Ges 1971 mv‡ji 1 gv‡P© KivwPi Wb cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ mvÿvrKv‡i wZwb e‡jb, †`‡k
mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ cÖwZôvq wZwb `„pmsKí|
208 evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU cwÎKv

evsjvi nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ wewbgv©‡Yi avivq D`vi mvg¨ fvebvi †h jÿY¸wj
¯úó wQj †m¸wj 1947-cieZ©x ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vj‡b Zvrch©gq n‡q I‡V| myZivs
ag©wbi‡cÿZv I mgvRZ†š¿i aviYv gyw³hy‡×i mg‡q fviZ I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi
mn‡hvwMZvi cÖwZ`vb wn‡m‡e M„nxZ n‡q‡Q Ñ G ai‡bi mgv‡jvPbvi Avm‡j †Kvb wfwË †bB|
MYZš¿ Ges RvZxqZvev` m¤ú‡K©I GK_v ej‡j AZy¨w³ n‡e bv †h, GZ`‡ji nvRvi eQ‡ii
BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZi eû‡Z¡i avivq G¸wji AšÍwb©wnZ myi me mgqB aŸwbZ-cÖwZaŸwbZ
n‡q‡Q| AvaywbK msÁvq‡bi wePv‡i G-mKj ax-K‡íi Aw¯ÍZ¡ Av`‡Z wQj wKbv †m weZK©
Gwo‡q GK_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, Av‡jvP¨ cÖc¸wj evsjvi ag©-mvs¯‹…wZK Ges mvgvwRK
Rxe‡b Ggb GK AšÍwb©wnZ cÖvYkw³ hvi i‡q‡Q GK kvk¦Z-wPivqZ iƒc| ZvB ¯^vaxb
evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b G¸wji VuvB ÔBwZnvm-m¤§ZÕ e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges
A‡b‡KB Zv `vweI K‡ib|
evsjv I evOvwji BwZnvm `xN© n‡jI Zvi RvZxq †PZbvi D‡b¥l mv¤úªwZK Kv‡ji Ñ Ggb
gšÍe¨ K‡i BwZnvmwe` ggZvRyi ingvb Zid`vi e‡jb, fvlvwfwËK AvÂwjK RvZxqZv I
ag©vkÖqx ewngy©Lx cÖeYZvi Uvbv-c‡o‡bi gv‡S msL¨vMwiô evOvwj gymjgvb GK wØavMÖ¯Í mËv|
1947 mv‡j GKwU mv¤úª`vvwqKZv-AvkÖqx, ag©xq BDwbUvwi iv‡óªi D™¢e Ges 1971-G †mB
iv‡óªi aŸsm¯Í~‡ci Dci GKwU fvlvwfwËK, RvZxqZvev`x cÖwZkªywZm¤úbœ, AvÂwjK ivóª MVb
G-K_viB cªgvY †`q|48 Z`ycwiI 1948 I 1952 mv‡ji ivóªfvlv Av‡›`vj‡b RvZxqZvev`x
fveavivi my¯úó A¼zi †`Lv hvq|49 c~e© evsjv µ‡gB fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ I HwZ‡n¨i w`‡K
cÖejfv‡e Szu‡K c‡o| nv‡Z nvZ a‡i GKB mv‡_ P‡j mvs¯‹…wZK I ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vjb|
ax‡i ax‡i c~e© evsjvi ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe, c~e© evsjv‡K evsjv‡`k e‡j AwfwnZ Kivi `vwe
Ges AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Qq`dvq MYZš¿ I RvZxqZvev‡`i R‡b¨ msMªv‡gi ev¯ÍeZv my¯úó i~‡c
cÖwZfvZ nq| ZvB GK_v ejv ‡h‡Z cv‡i †h, 1972 mv‡ji msweav‡b M„nxZ Pvi ivóªbxwZ
evsjv A‡ji nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm Ges †mB BwZnv‡mi AveZ©b-weeZ©‡bi avivi Askx`vi
wecyj GK Rb‡Mvôxi `xN© AwfÁZviB AvbyôvwbK ¯^xK…wZ| 1975 mv‡j e½eÜz I Zvui
cwiev‡ii Dcw¯’Z m`m¨‡`i nZ¨v K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki ÿgZvq hviv Avmxb nb, Zviv cÖ_‡gB
GB Pvi ivóªbxwZ‡Z e¨vcK cwieZ©b Av‡bb| ag©wbi‡cÿZv I mgvRZš¿ cwiZ¨³ nq,
RvZxqZvev‡`i bZzb e¨vL¨v †`qv nq ÔevOvwjÕi e`‡j Ôevsjv‡`kxÕ RvZxqZvev‡`i cÖeZ©‡b,
hw`I Zv wQj cÖKZ … cÖ¯vÍ ‡e ÔevOvwj gymjgvb RvZxqZvev`Õ-GiB bvgvšÍi| Avi MYZš¿ †h
ZLb Abycw¯’Z wQj, †mK_v ejvB evûj¨|50 GgbwK nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm I HwZ‡n¨i
wPišÍb-kvk¦Z ˆewk‡ó¨i wecix‡Z msweav‡b ivóªag© wn‡m‡e Bmjvg‡KI AšÍf©y³ Kiv nq|
hvB †nvK, 2011 mv‡ji 25 Ryb AvIqvgx jxM cÂ`k ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g me ivóªbxwZ
msweav‡b wdwi‡q Avb‡jI ivóªag©‡K evwZj Ki‡Z cv‡iwb, nq‡Zv Ki‡Z PvqIwb| A™¢zZ
ˆecixZ¨ wb‡q ag©wbi‡cÿZvi cvkvcvwk ivóªa‡g©i weavb GLbI envj i‡q‡Q| msweav‡b
evsjv A‡ji nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm 209

mgvRZš¿ †jLv _vK‡jI iv‡óªi jÿ¨ GLb gy³ evRvi A_©bxwZ cÖwZôv| mgvRZ‡š¿i AšÍwb©wnZ
cÖvYkw³ hw` aiv nq D`vi mvg¨-fvebv, Zvn‡j †m jÿ¨ c~i‡Y wKQy †ÿ‡Î iv‡óªi `„pZv †hgb
i‡q‡Q, †Zgwb i‡q‡Q ˆelg¨-eÂbvi m‡½ Avc‡mi cÖeYZvI| ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k ÔevOvwjÕ
RvZxqZvev‡`i Avmb Av‡Mi g‡Zv AUzU _vKvi †hŠw³KZv GLb Avi i‡q‡Q e‡j ejv P‡j
bv| evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb msweav‡b ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mKj gvby‡li mgvb gh©v`v I AwaKvi
¯^xKvi K‡i †bIqv n‡q‡Q| RbmsL¨vi †h-Ask evOvwj bq Zv‡`i gh©v`v Ges AwaKviI GLb
msiwÿZ| ÔevOvwj RvwZqZvev`Õ ZvB hZ `ªæZ ÔgvbweK RvZxqZvev`Õ ev gvby‡li
RvZxqZvev‡` i~cvšÍwiZ n‡e, evsjv/evsjv‡`‡ki nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm I HwZ‡n¨i MwZ-
cÖKw… Zi m‡½ Zv n‡e ZZ †ewk mvhyR¨c~Y©|

UxKv Ges Z_¨wb‡`©k

1. GKwU GKK Ô†fŠ‡MvwjK AÂjÕ A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q hv eZ©gvb cÖe‡Ü ÔevsjvÕ bv‡g g~jZ 1947-
c~e© mgq, cwiw¯’wZ Ges ¯’vwbK cwiwPwZ †evSv‡Z DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| GB †fŠ‡MvwjK HwZnvwmK
cwiwPwZi AvIZvfz³ GjvKvmg~‡ni g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q eZ©gvb ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k, fvi‡Zi cwðge½ I
wÎcyiv cÖ‡`k Ges wenvi, Dwol¨v I Avmvg cÖ‡`kmg~‡ni Askwe‡kl|
2. bxnviiÄb ivq, evOvjxi BwZnvm Avw`ce©, KwjKvZv: †`ÕR cvewjwks, Avwk¦b 1402, 71
3. JP Morgan & WG McIntire iwPZ ‘Quaternary Geology of the Bengal Basin, East
Pakistan and India’ cÖe‡Üi wfwˇZ| Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,
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5. Aksadul Alam, “Geographical Factors in the ‘Syncretistic Tradition’ of Early
Bengal”, Bangabidya: International Journal of Bengal Studies, Vol-10, 2018,
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‘The Making of Bengal Purana’, Tradition Dissent and Ideology: Essays in

Honour of Ramila Thapar, edited by R Champakalakshmi and S Gopal, New
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9. Kzbvj PµeZ©x, Ôevsjvq eªvþYÕ, we‡kl e³…Zv, cÖZœZË¡ wefvM, Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq, mvfvi,
XvKv, 12 wW‡m¤^i, 2016
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Indica, Vol. XII, No-30, 1913-14, 65-79: ‘Two Lost Plates of the Nidhanpur
Copper-Plates of Bhaskarvarman’, Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XIX, No. 19, 1927-
28, 115-125; ‘Tippera Copperplate Grant of Lokanatha: the 44th Year’,
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