Lesson 3.

3
Integration by
Trigonometric Substitution
 Learning objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
1. Identify the case a given integral belong
2. Evaluate the integrals of functions using
trigonometric substitution
Trigonometric Substitution

𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 where 𝒂 > 𝟎, then 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽

𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 where 𝒂 > 𝟎, then 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽

𝒙𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 where 𝒂 > 𝟎, then 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽

CASE 1
If the integrand contains an
𝟐
expression of the form 𝒂 − 𝒙 𝟐

where 𝒂 > 𝟎, then let 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽.

 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟗
EXAMPLE 1 𝒂=𝟑
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝒙 = 𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒅𝜽
න 𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝒙
𝟑 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
𝟗 − (𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)𝟐 =න 𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒅𝜽
=න 𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒅𝜽 𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
=න 𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒅𝜽
𝟗 − 𝟗 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
=න 𝟐 𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒅𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
𝟗 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
=න 𝟐
𝒅𝜽
𝟗(𝟏 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽) 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
=න 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒅𝜽
𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = න𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝜽 𝒅𝜽
 EXAMPLE 1 𝟑
𝒙 = 𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝒙 𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = 𝟑
𝜽
= න𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝜽 𝒅𝜽 −𝟏
𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑
𝒙
𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐
𝟗−𝒙𝟐
= න(𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟏) 𝒅𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽 = 𝒙

= − 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽 − 𝜽 + 𝑪

𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
𝒙
=− − 𝒔𝒊𝒏 +𝑪
𝒙 𝟑
 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟒
EXAMPLE 2 𝒂=𝟐
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒅𝜽
න
𝒙 𝟐 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐 𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒅𝜽
𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒅𝜽 = න
=න 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝟒 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝟐 𝟒 − (𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)𝟐
𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒅𝜽
𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒅𝜽 = න
=න 𝟒 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝟒 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝟒 − 𝟒 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽
𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒅𝜽
𝟏 𝒅𝜽
= න = න
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝟒(𝟏 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽) 𝟒 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽
 EXAMPLE 2 𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝒙 𝒙
𝟏 𝒅𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 =
𝜽 𝟐
= න
𝟒 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽 =
𝟒−𝒙𝟐
𝒙
𝟏
= න𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟐 𝜽 𝒅𝜽
𝟒
𝟏
= − 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽 + 𝑪
𝟒
𝟏 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐
=− +𝑪 =− +𝑪
𝟒 𝒙 𝟒𝒙
CASE 2
If the integrand contains an
expression of the form 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐
where 𝒂 > 𝟎, then let 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽.
 EXAMPLE 1
𝟏 𝟏
If ‫׬‬ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟑 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒍𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 + 𝑪 ,
𝟐 𝟐
what is ‫ 𝟐𝒙 ׬‬+ 𝟏 𝒅𝒙 .
න 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒅𝒙 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟏 𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽
𝒂=𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽
𝒅𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽𝒅𝜽
=න 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝟏 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽𝒅𝜽

=න 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽𝒅𝜽 = න 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟑 𝜽 𝒅𝜽

𝟏 𝟏
= න(𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽)𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽𝒅𝜽 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 + 𝒍𝒏 | 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 | + 𝑪
𝟐 𝟐
 EXAMPLE 1 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏
𝒙
𝟏 𝟏 𝜽
= 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 + 𝒍𝒏 | 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 | + 𝑪 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽
= ( 𝒙 + 𝟏) (𝒙) + 𝒍𝒏 | 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 + 𝒙| + 𝑪
𝟐
𝒙
𝟐 𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 = 𝟏
𝒙 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒍𝒏 | 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 + 𝒙| 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 =
𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
= + +𝑪 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐
 EXAMPLE 2
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
If ‫= 𝒙𝒅 𝒙 𝒄𝒆𝒔 ׬‬ 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 + 𝟐 𝒍𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 + 𝑪 ,
𝟐
what is ‫ 𝟐𝒙 ׬‬+ 𝟓 𝒅𝒙 .
𝒂𝟐 = 𝟓
න 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓 𝒅𝒙 𝒂= 𝟓
𝟐 𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽
=න 𝟓 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 +𝟓 𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 𝒅𝜽 𝒙 = 𝟓 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽
𝒅𝒙 = 𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽𝒅𝜽
=න 𝟓𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝟓 𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 𝒅𝜽

=න 𝟓(𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝟏) 𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 𝒅𝜽 = න
𝟐 𝟓𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 𝒅𝜽
 EXAMPLE 2 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓
𝒙
𝜽
=න 𝟓𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 𝒅𝜽
𝟓

=න 𝟓𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 𝒅𝜽 𝒙 = 𝟓 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽

𝒙
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 =
𝟓
= න𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟑 𝜽 𝒅𝜽
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓
𝟏 𝟏 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 =
𝟓
=𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 + 𝒍𝒏 | 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 | + 𝑪
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓 𝒙 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓 𝒙
=𝟓 ∙ ∙ + 𝒍𝒏 | + |+𝑪
𝟐 𝟓 𝟓 𝟐 𝟓 𝟓
 EXAMPLE 2
𝟏 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓 𝒙 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓 𝒙
=𝟓 ∙ ∙ + 𝒍𝒏 | + |+𝑪
𝟐 𝟓 𝟓 𝟐 𝟓 𝟓
𝒙 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓 𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓
=𝟓 + 𝒍𝒏 | |+𝑪
𝟏𝟎 𝟐 𝟓

𝒙 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓 𝟓 𝟐
𝟓
= + 𝒍𝒏 |𝒙 + 𝒙 + 𝟓 | − 𝒍𝒏 | 𝟓 | + 𝑪
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓 𝟓
= + 𝒍𝒏 |𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓 | + 𝑪
𝟐 𝟐
CASE 3
If the integrand contains an
𝟐
expression of the form 𝒙 − 𝒂 𝟐

where 𝒂 > 𝟎, then let 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽.

 EXAMPLE 1 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟒
𝒂=𝟐
𝒅𝒙 𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽
න
𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒 𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽
𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽𝒅𝜽 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽𝒅𝜽
=න
(𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽)𝟐 (𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽)𝟐 −𝟒 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽𝒅𝜽
𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽𝒅𝜽 =න
=න 𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽(𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽)
𝟒𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 𝟒𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟒 𝒅𝜽
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽𝒅𝜽 =න
=න 𝟒𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽
𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 𝟒(𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟏)
𝟏
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽𝒅𝜽 = න𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒅𝜽
=න 𝟒
𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 𝟒(𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽)
 EXAMPLE 1 𝒙
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒
𝟏 𝜽
= න𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒅𝜽 𝟐
𝟒
𝟏 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 + 𝑪
𝟒 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 =
𝒙
𝟐
𝟏 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒
= ∙ +𝑪 𝒙𝟐 −𝟒
𝟒 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 =
𝒙

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒
= +𝑪
𝟒𝒙
 EXAMPLE 2 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟗
𝒂=𝟑
𝒅𝒙 𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽
න
𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗 𝒙 = 𝟑 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽
𝟑𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽𝒅𝜽 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟑𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽𝒅𝜽
=න
(𝟑𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽)𝟑 (𝟑𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽)𝟐 −𝟗 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽𝒅𝜽
𝟑𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽𝒅𝜽 =න
=න 𝟗𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽(𝟑 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽)
𝟐𝟕𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟑 𝜽 𝟗𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟗 𝒅𝜽
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽𝒅𝜽 =න
=න 𝟐𝟕𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽
𝟗𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 𝟗(𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟏)
𝟏
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽𝒅𝜽 = න𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 𝒅𝜽
=න 𝟐𝟕
𝟗𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 𝟗(𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽)
 EXAMPLE 2 𝒖 = 𝟐𝜽
𝟏
𝒅𝒖 = 𝟐𝒅𝜽
= න𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 𝒅𝜽 𝟏
𝟐𝟕 𝟐
𝒅𝒖 = 𝒅𝜽
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= න + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽 𝒅𝜽
𝟐𝟕 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
= න 𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽 𝒅𝜽
𝟓𝟒
𝟏 𝟏
= න 𝒅𝜽 + න𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽 𝒅𝜽
𝟓𝟒 𝟓𝟒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝜽+ න 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒖 𝒅𝒖 = 𝜽+ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜽 + 𝑪
𝟓𝟒 𝟓𝟒 𝟐 𝟓𝟒 𝟏𝟎𝟖
 EXAMPLE 2 𝒙
𝒙𝟐 −𝟗
𝟏 𝟏 𝜽
= 𝜽+ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜽 + 𝑪
𝟓𝟒 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽
= 𝜽+ 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 + 𝑪 𝒙
𝟓𝟒 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 =
𝟑
𝟏 −𝟏
𝒙 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗 𝟑 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 −𝟏 𝒙
= 𝒔𝒆𝒄 + +𝑪 𝟑
𝟓𝟒 𝟑 𝟓𝟒 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙𝟐 −𝟗
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = 𝒙
𝟏 𝒙 𝒙 𝟐−𝟗 𝟑
= 𝒔𝒆𝒄−𝟏 + +𝑪 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝒙
𝟓𝟒 𝟑 𝟏𝟖𝒙 𝟐
 PRACTICE EXERCISES
Evaluate the integral of the following.

𝟏. න 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝟑
𝟐. න 𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗
 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟒
solution 𝒂=𝟐
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝟏. න 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽𝒅𝜽
= න 𝟒 − (𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)𝟐 (𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽𝒅𝜽)
= න 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽(𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽𝒅𝜽)
= න 𝟒 − 𝟒𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽(𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽𝒅𝜽)
= 𝟒 න 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽𝒅𝜽
= න 𝟒(𝟏 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽)(𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽𝒅𝜽) 𝟏
= 𝟒 න (𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽) 𝒅𝜽
𝟐
= න 𝟒𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽(𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽𝒅𝜽) = 𝟐 න(𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽) 𝒅𝜽
 solution 𝟐
𝒙
= 𝟐 න(𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽) 𝒅𝜽 𝜽
𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐
𝟏
= 𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜽 + 𝑪
𝟐 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝒙
= 𝟐𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜽 + 𝑪 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = 𝟐
= 𝟐𝜽 + 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 + 𝑪 −𝟏 𝒙
𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟐
𝒙 𝒙 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐
= 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 +𝟐∙ ∙ +𝑪 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 𝒙 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐
= 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 + +𝑪
𝟐 𝟐
 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟗
solution 𝒂=𝟑
𝒙𝟑 𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽
𝟐. න 𝒅𝒙 𝒙 = 𝟑 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟑 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽𝒅𝜽
(𝟑 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽)𝟑
=න 𝟑 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽𝒅𝜽
(𝟑 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽)𝟐 +𝟗 𝟖𝟏 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 𝜽
=න 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽𝒅𝜽
𝟐𝟕 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 𝜽 𝟗 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽
=න 𝟑 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽𝒅𝜽
𝟗 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝟗 𝟖𝟏 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 𝜽
=න 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽𝒅𝜽
𝟖𝟏 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 𝜽 𝟑𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽
=න 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽𝒅𝜽
𝟗( 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝟏) = න 𝟐𝟕 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 𝜽 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽𝒅𝜽
 𝒖 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽
solution
𝒅𝒖 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽𝒅𝜽
= න 𝟐𝟕 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 𝜽 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽𝒅𝜽

= න 𝟐𝟕 (𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽)𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽𝒅𝜽

= න 𝟐𝟕 (𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟏)𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽𝒅𝜽

𝟐
= න 𝟐𝟕(𝒖 − 𝟏) 𝒅𝒖 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟑 𝜽
= 𝟐𝟕 − 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 + 𝑪
𝟑
𝒖𝟑
= 𝟐𝟕 −𝒖+𝑪 = 𝟗 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟑 𝜽 − 𝟐𝟕 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 + 𝑪
𝟑
 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽
solution 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 =
𝒙 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗
𝟑 𝒙
= 𝟗 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟑 𝜽 − 𝟐𝟕 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 + 𝑪 𝒙𝟐 +𝟗 𝜽
𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 = 𝟑
𝟑
= 𝟗 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 (𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟑) + 𝑪
𝟐
𝒙𝟐 +𝟗 𝒙𝟐 +𝟗
=𝟗 −𝟑 +𝑪
𝟑 𝟑
𝒙𝟐 +𝟗 𝒙𝟐 −𝟏𝟖
= 𝟑 𝒙𝟐 +𝟗 −𝟑 +𝑪 = 𝟑 𝒙𝟐 +𝟗 +𝑪
𝟗 𝟗
𝒙𝟐 +𝟗 − 𝟐𝟕 𝟏
= 𝟑 𝒙𝟐 +𝟗 +𝑪 = 𝒙𝟐 +𝟗 𝒙𝟐 −𝟏𝟖 + 𝑪
𝟗 𝟑