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VALLIAMMAI ENGNIEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203.

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

SUBJECT : MA8491 – NUMERICAL METHODS

SEM / YEAR : IV / II year B.E. (COMMON TO CIVIL , EEE, & EIE)
UNIT I - SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGEN VALUE PROBLEMS: Solution of algebraic and
transcendental equations - Fixed point iteration method – Newton Raphson method- Solution of linear system of
equations - Gauss elimination method – Pivoting - Gauss Jordan method – Iterative methods of Gauss Jacobi and
Gauss Seidel - Matrix Inversion by Gauss Jordan method - Eigen values of a matrix by Power method.
Q.No. Question
BT Level Competence
PART – A
1. Describe the merits of Newton’s method of iterations. BTL -1 Remembering
2. State the General Newton’s- Raphson Method. BTL -1 Remembering
State the Newton Raphson formula and the criteria for
3. BTL -1 Remembering
convergence.
4. Solve by Gauss Elimination method x + y =2 and 2x + 3y = 5 BTL -3 Applying
5. State the condition for Convergence of Iteration method. BTL -1 Remembering
Calculate the root of ex – 3x = 0 in 1< x < 1.1 by Iteration
6. BTL -3 Applying
method.
Distinguish the advantages of iterative methods over direct
7. BTL -2 Understanding
method of solving a system of linear algebraic equations.
Find the positive root of x 2-2x -3 = 0 using fixed point iteration
8. BTL -2 Understanding
method starting with 0.4 as first approximation.
9. Solve by Gauss seidel method 2x-y=3, 2x+25y=15. BTL -2 Understanding
10 Give an example of transcendental and algebraic equation BTL -1 Remembering
11. Find the inverse of A =  1 3  Jordan method. BTL -2 Understanding
2 7
State the condition for the convergence of Gauss Seidel iteration
12. BTL -1 Remembering
method for solving a system of linear equation.
13. Compare Gauss Elimination, Gauss Jordan method. BTL -4 Analyzing
Can we apply iteration method to find the root of the equation
14.   BTL -3 Applying
2 x − cos x = 5 in 0 ,  ?
 2
On what type of equations Newton’s method can be applicable –
15. BTL -4 Analyzing
Justify.
16. Compare Gauss seidel method, Gauss Jacobi method. BTL -4 Analyzing
Which of the iterative methods is used for solving linear system
17. BTL -6 Creating
of equations it converges fast? Why?
Evaluate an iterative formula for 1 / N ,where N is a positive
18. BTL -5 Evaluating
number by using Newton – Raphson method.
19. Find the dominant eigen value of A =  2 3  by power method BTL -5 Evaluating
 5 4

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upto 1 decimal place accuracy. Start with X ( 0 ) = 1

 1
 

20. Find the inverse of A =  4 1  by Jordon method.

  BTL -3 Applying
1 3
PART – B
Find the positive real root of 2x – log10 x - 6 = 0 using
1.(a) BTL -3 Applying
Newton – Raphson method.
 1 1 3 
Evaluate the inverse of the matrix   using Gauss
 1 3 − 3
1. (b)  − 2 − 4 − 4 BTL -5 Evaluating
 
Jordan method.
Find the dominant eigen value and vector of
2. (a) 1 6 1
A =  1 2 0  using Power method. BTL -3 Applying
 0 0 3
 
 1 2 − 1
Find the inverse of the matrix  4 1 0  using Gauss Jordan
2.(b)  2 −1 3  BTL -3 Applying
 
method.
Evaluate the positive real root of 2x3 -3x – 6 =0 using Iteration
3. (a) BTL -5 Evaluating
method.
Solve by Gauss Jordan method 3x + 4y + 5z =18 ;
3.(b) BTL -3 Applying
2x –y + 8z = 13 ; 5x -2y + 7z = 20
Apply Gauss seidel method to solve the system of equations
4. (a) BTL -2 Understanding
20x + y -2z = 17 ; 3x + 20y - z = -18 ; 2x - 3 y +20z = 25.
Analyze the iterative formula to find N where N is positive
4.(b) BTL -4 Analyzing
integer using Newton’s method and hence find 11 .
Solve by Gauss Elimination method 10 x + y + z =12 ;
5. (a) BTL -3 Applying
2x + 10y +z = 13 ; x + y + 5z =7.
Find the positive r root of cos x = 3x – 1 correct to 3 decimal
5.(b) BTL -3 Applying
places using fixed point iteration method.
 1 1 2
Estimate the inverse of the matrix   using Gauss Jordan
 1 2 3
6. (a) 2 3 1 BTL -2 Understanding
 
method.
Apply Gauss seidel method to solve system of equations
6.(b) x – 2y +5z = 12 ; 5x + 2y - z = 6 ; 2x + 6 y – 3z = 5 (upto 4 BTL -3 Applying
iterations)
By Gauss seidel method to solve system of equations
7. (a) BTL -4 Analyzing
x + y + 54z = 110 ; 27x + 6y –z = 85 ; 6x + 15y – 2z =72.
Using Newton’s method find the iterative formula to find N
7. (b) BTL -1 Remembering
where N is positive integer and hence find 142 .
Using Gauss Jordan method to solve 2x-y+3z = 8 ; -x+2y+z = 4;
8. (a) BTL -3 Applying
3x+y-4z = 0.
8.(b) Find the largest Eigen value and Eigen vector of BTL -3 Applying

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 2 −1 0 
A =  using Power method.
 − 1 2 − 1
 0 −1 2 
 
Evaluate by Gauss Elimination method x + 2y -5z = -9 ;
9. (a) BTL -5 Evaluating
3x - y + 2z = 5 ; 2x + 3y - z = 3..
Find the real root of f(x) = 3x+sin x - ex = 0 using Newton -
9.(b) BTL -3 Applying
Raphson method by using initial approximation x0 = 0.5.
Evaluate the dominant Eigen value and vector of
 25 1 2 
10.(a) A =  1 3 0  using Power method. BTL -5 Evaluating
 
2 0 − 4 

Using Newton-Raphson method , Establish the formula and also
10.(b) to calculate the square root of N. Find the square root of 5 BTL -1 Remembering
correct to 4 places of decimals.
Apply Gauss seidel method to solve system of equations
11.(a) 6x1 - 2x2 + x3 = 11; -2x1 + 7x2 + 2x3 = 5; x1 + 2x2 - 5x3 = -1, BTL -4 Analyzing
with the initial vector of( 0 , 0 , 0 ).
Using Power method , Identify all the eigen values of
11.(b) BTL -6 Creating

Solve the system of equations by Gauss elimination method

12.(a) BTL -3 Applying
Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of the matrix

12.(b) BTL -4 Analyzing

A =

Apply Gauss Jordan method to solve the equations

13.(a) BTL -2 Understanding

Using Gauss-Jordan method, find the inverse of the matrix

13.(b) BTL -3 Applying

Solve using Gauss-Seidal method

14.(a) . BTL -3 Applying
Determine the largest eigenvalue and the corresponding
14.(b) eigenvectors of the matrix BTL -2 Understanding

UNIT -II INTERPOLATION AND APPROXIMATIOIN: Interpolation with unequal intervals -

Lagrange's interpolation – Newton‟s divided difference interpolation – Cubic Splines - Interpolation with
equal intervals - Newton‟s forward and backward difference formulae.
BT
Q.No. Question Competence
Level
PART – A

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1. Write the Newton’s Backward interpolation formula. BTL -1 Remembering

2. Define inverse Lagrange’s interpolation formula. BTL -1 Remembering
Write the Lagrange’s formula for y, if three sets of values
3. are given? . BTL -1 Remembering
Create the divided difference table for the following data ( 0,1) ,
4. BTL -6 Creating
( 1,4) , ( 3,40) and ( 4,85) .
Write the divided differences with arguments a , b , c if
5. BTL -1 Remembering
f(x) = 1/x2.
Find the polynomial through (0, 0) (1 , 1 ) and ( 2 ,20) using
6. BTL -1 Remembering
Lagrange’s method.
Estimate the divided differences of for the
7. BTL -2 Understanding
arguments 1, 3, 6, 11 .
Estimate the interpolating polynomial for the given data:
8. x : 2 5 7 8 BTL -2 Understanding
f(x) : 1 2 3 4
Create the divided difference table for the following data
9. X : 4 5 7 10 11 13 BTL -6 Creating
f(x) : 48 100 294 900 1210 2028 .
Estimate f(a, b) and f(a, b, c) using divided differences , if
10. BTL -2 Understanding
f(x) = 1/x.
Identify the cubic Spline S(x) which is commonly used for
11. BTL -2 Understanding
interpolation.
12. Find 4 y 0 , given y 0 = 3, y1 = 12, y 2 = 81, y 3 = 200 y 4 =100 BTL -3 Applying
13. Define cubic spline. BTL -1 Remembering
Write any two applications of Newton’s backward difference
14. BTL -1 Remembering
formula?
15. Write the nature of nth divided differences of a polynomial. BTL -1 Remembering
16. Give the condition for a spline to be cubic. BTL -2 Understanding
Find y, when x = 0.5 given x: 0 1 2
17. BTL -4 Analyzing
y: 2 3 12
Evaluate y (0.5) given x : 0 1 4 BTL -5 Evaluating
18.
y: 4 3 24
19. Write Newton’s forward formula up to 3rd finite differences. BTL -1 Remembering
Prove that the divided differences are symmetrical in their BTL -2 Understanding
20.
arguments.
PART –B
Write the polynomial f(x) and hence find f(5), Using Lagrange’s
method,
1.(a) BTL -3 Applying
x: 1 3 4 6
y: -3 0 30 132
Using Newton’s divided difference formula from the following
table, Find f(1) from the following BTL -3
1. (b) Applying
x: -4 -1 0 2 5
f(x): 1245 33 5 9 1335
Using Newton’s divided difference formula From the following BTL -3 Applying
2. (a) table, find f (8) x: 3 7 9 10
F(x): 168 120 72 63
2.(b) Evaluate f(1) using Lagrange’s method BTL -5 Evaluating
5

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x: -1 0 2 3
y: -8 3 1 12
Evaluate f(2),f(8) and f(15) from the following table using Newton’s
divided difference formula
3. (a) BTL -5 Evaluating
x: 4 5 7 10 11 13
y: 48 100 294 900 1210 2028
Find third order Newton polynomial to estimate with the 4
points given in table
3.(b) BTL -3 Applying
X 1 4 6 5
f(x) 0 1.386294 1.791759 1.609438
Use Lagrange’s formula to find the value of y at x= 9.5 from the
following data:
4. (a) BTL -2 Understanding
X 7 8 9 10
Y 3 1 1 9
Find the natural cubic spline for the function given by
4.(b) x 0 1 2 BTL -4 Analyzing
f(x) 1 2 33
Estimate x when y = 20 from the following table using Lagrange’s
5. (a) method
BTL -3 Applying
x: 1 2 3 4
y: 1 8 27 64
Find the interpolated value for x = 3 of the given using Lagrange’s
interpolation
5.(b) BTL -3 Applying
x: 3.2 2.7 1.0 4.8
f(x): 22.0 17.8 14.2 38.3
Express f(x) as a polynomial using Newton’s divided difference
6. (a) method x: 0 2 3 6 9 10 Applying
f(x): 3 7 24 207 714 983 BTL -3
Obtain root of f(x)=0 by Lagrange’s Inverse interpolation formula
6.(b) BTL -2 Understanding
given that f(30)=-30, f(34)=-13, f(38)=3, f(42)=18
7. (a) Find the natural spline x: 0 1 2 3
BTL -2 Understanding
y: 1 2 1 10
Calculate y(0.5) and y’(1) given that M0 = M2 = 0 using Cubic
Spline
7. (b) BTL -3 Applying
x: 0 1 2
y: -5 -4 3
8. (a) Evaluate y (1.5), using Cubic Spline to the following data
x: 1 2 3 4 BTL -5 Evaluating
y: 1 2 5 11
8.(b) Using Newton’s forward interpolation formula find the value of
1955 from the following table x: 1951 1961 1971 1981
BTL -3 Applying
y: 35 42 58 84

9. (a) Evaluate f(7.5) from the following table Using Newton’s backward BTL -5 Evaluating
formula
X : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Y : 1 8 27 64 125 216 343 512
9.(b) Using Suitable Newton’s f interpolation formula find the value of BTL -4 Analyzing

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y(46) from the following

X: 45 50 55 60 65
Y: 114.84 96.16 83.32 74.48 68.48
10.(a) Identify the polynomial of degree 3 from the following using BTL -3
Newton’s formula
Applying
X: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Y: 1 2 4 7 11 16 22 29
10.(b) Fit the following four points by the cubic splines.
x: 1 2 3 4 Evaluating
y : 1 5 11 8, Use the end conditions = 0. Hence BTL -5
compute (i) y (1.5) and (ii)

11.(a) Find the number of students who obtain marks between 40 and 45,
using Newton’s formula
BTL -3 Applying
Marks : 30 - 40 40 -50 50 – 60 60 – 70 70 - 80
No of students : 31 42 51 35 31
11.(b) The following table gives the values of density of saturated water
for various temperature of saturated steam. Find density at T = 125 Analyzing
Temp TC 100 150 200 250 300 BTL -4
3
Density hg/m 958 917 865 799 712
12.(a) Using divided difference table find f(x) which takes the values as
follows . Evaluating
x : 0 1 3 4 BTL -5
f(x): 1 4 40 85
12.(b) Calculate the pressure t = 142 and t =175, from the following data BTL -4 Analyzing
taken from steam table, Using suitable formula.
Temp : 140 150 160 170 180
Pressure: 3.685 4.854 6.302 8.076 10.225
13.(a) Determine by Lagrange’s interpolation method, the No. of patients
over 40 years using the following data
BTL -3 Applying
Age (over x years) : 30 35 45 55
Number(y)patients: 148 96 68 34
13.(b) The population of a town is as follows
Year (x): 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 Analyzing
Population 20 24 29 36 46 51 BTL -4
in lakhs (y):
Estimate the population increase during the period 1946 to 1976.
14.(a) Using Newton’s Forward interpolation formula find the Polynomial
f(x) to the following data, and find f(2)
BTL -3 Applying
x: 0 5 10 15
f(x): 14 397 1444 3584
14.(b) Find the value of y at x= 6 by Newton’s divided difference formula
for the data:
BTL -3 Applying
x -1 0 2 3 7 10
y -11 1 1 1 141 561

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UNIT – III NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION: Approximation of

derivatives using interpolation polynomials - Numerical integration using Trapezoidal, Simpson‟s 1/3
rule – Romberg‟s method - Two point and three point Gaussian quadrature formulae – Evaluation of
double integrals by Trapezoidal and Simpson‟s 1/3 rules.
BT
Q.No. Question Competence
Level
PART – A
1. On what type of intervals, simpson;s three-eight rule can be applied.. BTL -1 Remembering
State Newton’s backward differentiation formula to find
2.  dy  d2y BTL -1 Remembering
  and    dx 2 
 dx  x = xn   x = xn
Find dy at x=50 from the following table:
dx
3. X 50 51 52 BTL -2 Understanding
Y 3.6840 3.7084 3.7325
4. Write down the Gaussian quadrature 3 point formula. BTL -1 Remembering
5. State the formula for trapezoidal rule of integration. BTL -1 Remembering
6. State Simpson’s one third rule. BTL -1 Remembering
7. State the formula for 2 – point Gaussian quadrature. BTL -1 Remembering
8. Write down the trapezoidal double integration formula. BTL -2 Understanding
Write down the first two derivatives of Newton’s forward difference
9. BTL -2
formula at the point x = x0 Understanding
10. Write down the order of the errors of trapezoidal rule. BTL -1 Remembering
Find y ’(0)from the following table X : 0 1 2 3 4 5
11. BTL -2 Understanding
Y: 4 8 15 7 6 2
Apply Simpson’s 1 /3 rule to find
rd
given that
12. BTL -3 Applying
.
4
Calculate  f ( x )dx from the table by Simpson’s 1/3 rd rule
13. 1 BTL -3 Applying
x:1 2 3 4
f(x): 1 8 27 64
14. Write down the Simpson’s 1/3rd rule for double integration formula. BTL -3 Applying
15. Compare trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s one third rule. BTL -4 Analyzing
Using two point Gaussian quadrature formula , evaluate
16. BTL -5 Evaluating

In numerical integration , what should be the number of intervals to

17. BTL -2
apply Simpson’s one – third rule and trapezoidal rule – Justify Understanding
State Romberg’s integration formula to find the value of
b

 f ( x)dx using h & h / 2.

18. I= BTL -1 Remembering
a
1
1
19. Using two point Gaussian quadrature formula , evaluate 1+ x
−1
2
dx . BTL -5 Evaluating

20. Give the order and error of Simpson’s one third rule. BTL -1 Remembering
PART –B

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6
1
1.(a) Evaluate  dx , using trapezoidal and Simpson’s 1/3 rules.
rd
BTL -5 Evaluating
0 1 + x 2

A Jet fighters position on an air craft carries runway was timed

during landing
t ,sec : 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
1. (b) BTL -2 Understanding
y , m : 7.989 8.403 8.781 9.129 9.451 9.750 10.03
where y is the distance from end of carrier estimate the velocity and
acceleration at t = 1.0 , t = 1.6
5
2. (a) Using 3-point Gaussian quadrature , Evaluate  log
0
10 (1 + x)dx . BTL -5 Evaluating
Obtain first and second derivative of y at x = 0.96 from the data
2.(b) x: 0.96 0.98 1 1.02 1.04 BTL -2 Understanding
y : 0.7825 0.7739 0.7651 0.7563 0.7473
‘ ’
Using the given data find f ( 5 )and f (6) by suitable formula
3. (a) x: 0 2 3 4 79 BTL -4 Analyzing
f (x) : 426 58 112 466 992
Using backward difference, find y’(2.2) and y’’(2.2) from the
following table
3.(b) BTL -3 Applying
x : 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
y : 4.0552 4.9530 6.0496 7.3891 9.0250
The table given below reveals the velocity of the body during the
time t specified. Find its acceleration at t =1.1
4. (a) BTL -2 Understanding
t : 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
v: 43.1 47.7 52.1 56.4 60.8
1 .4 2.4
1 by using, Simpson’s 1/3rd rule, justify
4.(b) Evaluate   xy dx dy
1 2
BTL -4 Analyzing
7
dx
5. (a) Apply Gaussian three point formula to find 1+ x
3
2 BTL -3 Applying
1 1
dx dy
Evaluate   1 + xy
5.(b) 0 0
BTL -4 Analyzing
using, Simpson’s 1/3 rd rule, given that h=k= 0.25.

By dividing the range into 10 equal parts , evaluate  sin xdx using BTL -2
6. (a) 0
Understanding
Simpson’s 1/3 rule.
1.5
By Gaussian three point formula to estimate  e −r dr
2
6.(b) BTL -2 Understanding
0.2

7. (a) A curve passes through the points (0, 18), (1,10) , (3,-18) and
BTL -3 Applying
(6,90). Find the slope of the curve at x=2.
2 2
dx dy
7. (b) Evaluate   h = k = 0.25 using trapezoidal, Simpson’s rule,
1 1
x+ y BTL -4 Analyzing
and justify.
8. (a) Find the first and second derivatives of the function
f (x) = x3 – 9x -14 at x = 3.0 using the values given below BTL -4 Analyzing
x: 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4

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f(x): -14 -10.03 -5.296 -0.256 -6.672 14

8.(b) Find the value of f ‘ (8) from the table given below
x: 6 7 9 12 BTL - 3 Applying
f (x) : 1.556 1.690 1.908 2.158 using suitable formula.
9. (a) 2 .6 4 .4
Evaluate   xy dx dy
2 4
using Simpson’s 1/3 rd rule, given that
BTL -5 Evaluating
h=0.2, k=0.3.
9.(b) A river is 80 meter wide the depth d in meters at a distance x meters
from one bank is given below. Calculate the area of the cross
section of the river using Simpson rule. BTL -4 Analyzing
x : 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
d:0 4 7 9 12 15 14 8 3
10.(a) Use the Romberg method to get an improved estimate of the integral
from x = 1.8 to x = 3.4 from the data in the table with h = 0.4.
x : 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
BTL -4 Analyzing
3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8
Y: 4.953 6.050 7.389 9.025 11.023 13.464 16.445 20.056
24.533 29.964 36.598 44.701
10.(b) The Velocity v( km/ min) of a moped which starts from rest, is
given at fixed intervals of time (min) as follows.
T: 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
BTL -3 Applying
V: 4 6 16 34 60 94 131
Estimate approximate distance covered in 12 minutes, by
Simpson’s 1 / 3 rd rule, also find the acceleration at t = 2 seconds.
11.(a) 2
dx
Apply Gaussian three point formula to find  BTL -3 Applying
1 1+ x
3

11.(b) dy d2y
Calculate and at x = 1.35 from the following data:
dx dx 2 BTL -5 Evaluating
X 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
f(x) -1.62628 0.15584 2.45256 5.39168 9.125 13.83072
12.(a) The following data gives the velocity of a particle for 20 seconds at
an interval of 5 seconds . Find the Initial acceleration using the
entire data
BTL -3 Applying
Time (sec) 0 5 10 15 20
Velocity(m/sec) 0 3 14 69 228
12.(b) From the following table, find the value of x for which y is
minimum.
X -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 BTL -4 Analyzing
Y 2 -0.25 0 -0.25 2 15.75 56
13.(a) Using the following data, find f’(5), f”(5) and the maximum value of
f(x).
X 0 2 3 4 7 9 BTL -4 Analyzing
f(x) 4 26 58 112 466 922

10

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13.(b) Evaluate using Trapezoidal rule with h=0.2, hence obtain an

BTL -5 Evaluating
approximate value of  .
14.(a) Evaluate by dividing the range into 4 equal parts using
BTL -5 Evaluating
(a) Trapezoidal rule (b) Simpson’s 1/3 rd rule.
14.(b) 1
The following table gives the values of y=
. Take h=0.5,
1+ x2
0.25, 0.125 and use Romberg’s method to compute . Hence
BTL -5 Evaluating
deduce an approximate value of  .
X 0 0.125 0.25 0.375 0.5 0.675 0.75 0.875 1
Y 1 0.9846 0.9412 0.8767 0.8 0.7191 0.64 0.5664 0.5

UNIT – IV INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Single Step methods - Taylor‟s series method - Euler‟s method - Modified Euler‟s method - Fourth order
Runge-Kutta method for solving first order equations - Multi step methods - Milne‟s and Adams-Bash
forth predictor corrector methods for solving first order equations.
BT
Q.No. Question Competence
Level
1. Examine the terms initial and final value problems. BTL -2 Understanding
Estimate given that , using Euler’s
2. BTL -2 Understanding
method.
dy
3. Using Euler’s method, compute y(0.1) given = 1 − y , y(0) = 0 BTL -2 Understanding
dx
4. Define initial value problems. BTL -1 Remembering
5. Give Euler’s iteration formula for ordinary differential equation. BTL -1 Evaluating
dy
Estimate if = x2 + y2 , taking ,
6. dx BTL -2 Understanding
using Euler’s method.
Write the Euler’s modified formula for solving
7. dy BTL -1 Remembering
= f ( x, y ), y ( x0 ) = y 0
dx
Using modified Euler’s method to find y (0.4) given
8. BTL -2 Understanding
dy
Find y(0.1), if = y 2 + x given , by Taylor series
9. dx BTL -3 Applying
method.
Using Taylor series formula to find y (x1) for solving
10. dy BTL -2 Understanding
= f ( x, y ), y ( x0 ) = y 0 .
dx
Using Taylor’s series up to x3 terms for
11. BTL -3 Applying
.
dy
Using Taylor series for the function = x + y when
12. dx BTL -3 Applying
find with .
13. Explain Runge – Kutta method of order 4 for solving initial value BTL -1 Remembering
11

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problems in ordinary differential equation.

Find y(0.4) given , using R-K method of fourth
14. BTL -3 Applying
order
Using fourth order Runge – Kutta method to find y (0.1) given
15. dy BTL -2 Understanding
= x + y y (0) = 1, h = 0.1
dx
State Adam- Bashforth predictor and corrector formulae to solve
16. BTL -2 Understanding
first order ordinary differential equations.
17. State Milne’s predictor corrector formula. BTL -2 Understanding
18. Write predictor corrector method? BTL -1 Remembering
19. Explain one step methods and multi step methods. BTL -1 Remembering
Prepare the multi-step methods available for solving ordinary
20. differential equation. BTL -4 Analyzing

PART –B
Apply modified Euler method to find y(0.2) given
1.(a) BTL -3 Applying
y’ = y - x2 +1, y(0) = 0.5.
Using Runge-kutta method of 4th order solve the following equation
dy  4 x 
1. (b) taking each step h = 0.1 for =  − x. y  given BTL -3 Applying
dx  y 
y(0) = 3.calculate y at x = 0.1 and 0.2.
Using Taylor series method find y at x = 0.1 given
2. (a) dy BTL -3 Applying
= 2 y + 3e x , y(0) = 0.
dx
Examine 2y’ –x – y = 0 given y(0) = 2 , y(0.5) = 2.636,
2.(b) BTL -4 Analyzing
y(1) = 3.595, y(1.5) = 4.968 to get y(2) by Adam’s method.
dy
Find the values of y at x=0.1 given that = x 2 − y , y(0) = 1 by
3. (a) dx BTL -3 Applying
Taylor’s series method.
dy
By Adam’s method, find y (0.6) given = x + y , y (0) = 1 using h
3.(b) dx BTL -2 Understanding
= 0.2 if y(-0.2) = .8373, y(0.2) = 1.2427, and y(0.4) = 1.5834.
dy
By Euler modified method for the function = log 10 ( x + y ) ,
4. (a) dx BTL -3 Applying
y(0) = 2 find the values of y(0.2) y(0.4) and y(0.6) by taking
h = 0.2.
dy 1
Find y(2) by Milne’s method = ( x + y ) , given y(0) = 2 ,
4.(b) dx 2 BTL -3 Applying
y(0.5) = 2.636, y(1.0) = 3.595 and y(1.5) = 4.968.
dy
Apply Milne’s method find y(0.4) given = xy + y 2 ,
5. (a) dx BTL -3 Applying
y(0) =1 ,using Taylor series method find y(0.1) , y(0.2) and y(0.3)
dy
Interpret y(0.1) and y(0.2) given = x 2 + y 2 y(0) =1and
5.(b) dx BTL -3 Applying
h = 0.1, using modified Euler methods.

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dy
Given = x 2 (1 + y ) y(1) = 1 , y(1.1) = 1.233, y(1.2) = 1.548 ,
6. (a) dx BTL -5 Evaluating
y(1.3) = 1.979, evaluate y(1.4) By Adam’s Bash forth predictor
corrector method.
Solve the equation y’ = x + y, y(0) = 1 for x =( 0.0 ), (0.2),
6.(b) (1.0),using Euler’s method . Check your answer with the exact BTL -4 Analyzing
solution.
7. (a) Apply Runge – kutta method of order 4 solve y’ = y-x2, with y(0.6)
BTL -3 Applying
= 1.7379,h=0.1 find y(0.8).
Evaluate the value of y at x = 0.1 and 0.2to 4 decimal places given
7. (b) dy BTL -5 Evaluating
= x 2 y − 1 y(0) =1, using Taylor series method
dx
8. (a) Calculate y(0.4) by Milne’s predictor – corrector method , Given
= (1 + x 2 )y 2 and y(0) = 1, y(0.1) = 1.06, y(0.2) = 1.12,
dy 1
BTL -5 Evaluating
dx 2
y( 0.3) = 1.21,
8.(b) Explain the initial value problem dy = x − y 2 , y(0) = 1. To find
dx
y(0.4) by Adam’s Bash forth Predictor corrector method and for BTL -4 Analyzing
starting solutions use the information below, y(0.1) = 0.9117,
y(0.2) =0.8494. Compute y(0.3) using R-K method of fourth order .
9. (a) Find y(4.4) given 5xy’ + y2 – 2 = 0given y(4) = 1; y(4.1) =1.0049;
BTL -4 Analyzing
y(4.2) = 1.0097 ; and y(4.3) =1.0143. Using Milne’s method.
9.(b) dy
Find the values of y at x=0.1 given that = x 2 − y , y(0) = 1 by
dx BTL -5 Evaluating
modified Euler method.
10.(a) dy
Find y(0.4) by Milne’s method, Given = xy + y 2 y(0) =1,
dx BTL -3 Applying
y(0.1) = 1.1169, y(0.2) = 1.2773 Find i)y(0.3) by Runge-kutta
method of 4th order and ii) y(0.4) by Milne’s method.
10.(b) dy y 2 − x 2
Evaluate = given that y(0) = 1 at x = 0.2 and
dx y 2 + x 2 BTL -5 Evaluating
0.4 ,using Runge-kutta method of 4th order.
11.(a) Using Adam’s – Bashforth method, find y(0.4) given ,
BTL -3 Applying
y(0)=1, y(0.1)=1.01, y(0.2)= 1.022, y(0.3)=1.023.
11.(b) Given . (i) Compute y(0.2), y(0.4) and y(0.6)
by Runge- Kutta method of 4th order. Hence find y(0.8) by Milne’s BTL -5 Evaluating
Predictor –Corrector method taking h= 0.2.
12.(a) Given the initial value problem y’= x2 – y , y(0)=1, find the value
of y at x=0.1 by Taylor series method at x=0.2 by modified Euler
BTL -3 Applying
method, at x=0.3 by fourth order Runge-Kutta method at x=0.4, 0.5
by Adam’s- Bash forth method.
12.(b) Solve with the initial condition x= 0, y= 0 using Euler’s
algorithm and tabulate the solutions at x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4. Using BTL -3 Applying
these results, find y(0.5) using Adam’s –Bash forth Predictor and
corrector method.

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13.(a) Solve , y(0)=1 (i)By modified Euler method at x=0.1

and x=0.2. (ii)By Fourth order R-K method at x=0.3 BTL -3 Applying
(iii)By Milne’s Predictor-Corrector method at x= 0.4.
13.(b) Apply fourth order Runge-kutta method, to find an approximate
value of y when x=0.2 and x=0.4 given that y’= x + y , y(0)=1 with BTL -3 Applying
h=0.2.
14.(a) 2x
Find y(0.4) by Milne’s method,for y − ,y(0) =1,
y
y(0.1) = 1.0959, y(0.2) = 1.184, compute y(0.3) by Runge Kutta BTL -3 Applying
method.

14.(b) Using Taylor series method, find y at x=0.1 to 0.4 given y’= x2 – y
BTL -3 Applying
correct to 4 decimals.

UNIT- V: BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS IN ORDINARY AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS :
Finite difference methods for solving two-point linear boundary value problems - Finite difference
techniques for the solution of two dimensional Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations on rectangular domain –
One dimensional heat flow equation by explicit and implicit (Crank Nicholson) methods – One
dimensional wave equation by explicit method.
BT
Q.No. Question Competence
Level
PART – A
1. Obtail the finite difference scheme for 2 y ' ' ( x) + y ( x) = 5 . BTL -1 Remembering
Write down the finite difference scheme for solving y” + x + y =0:
2. BTL -1 Remembering
y(0) = y(1) = 0.
Write down the finite difference scheme for the differential equation
3. d2y
− 3y = 2
dx 2
Obtain the finite difference scheme for the differential equation 2
4. d2y BTL -1 Remembering
+ y=5
dx 2
State the finite difference approximation for d2y and state the order
5. dx 2 BTL -1 Remembering
of truncation error
Write standard five point formula and diagonal five point formula
6. used in solving Laplace equation Uxx + U yy = 0 at the point BTL -2 Understanding
( iΔx , jΔy)
7. Write down the Laplace’s equation the standard five point formula BTL -1 Remembering
8. Write down the diagonal five point formula in Laplace equation BTL -2 Understanding
9. Write the Crank Nicholson formula to solve parabolic equations. BTL -1 Remembering
10. Classify the PDE x Uxx + y U yy = 0, x>0, y>0. BTL -1 Remembering
Write down the two dimensional Laplace’s equation and Poisson’s
11. BTL -1 Remembering
equation
12. Write down Poisson’s equation and its finite difference analogue BTL -1 Remembering
What is the order and error in solving Laplace and Poisson’s
13. BTL -2 Understanding
equation by using finite difference method?
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14. State the finite difference scheme for solving the Poisson’s equation BTL -4 Analyzing
15. State one dimensional heat equation and its boundary conditions BTL -4 Analyzing
Name at least two numerical methods that are used to solve one
16. BTL -4 Analyzing
dimensional diffusion equation
State the implicit finite difference scheme for one dimensional heat
17. BTL -4 Analyzing
equation
18. Write down the finite difference scheme for ut = uxx. BTL -2 Understanding
19. Define difference quotient of a function y (x) BTL -1 Remembering
Evaluate the explicit finite difference scheme for one dimensional
20.  2u 2  u
2
BTL -5 Evaluating
wave equation =  .
t 2 x 2
PART –B
Evaluate the pivotal values of the equation Utt = 16 Uxx taking
1.(a) Δx = 1 upto t = 1.25. The boundary conditions are BTL -5 Evaluating
u ( 0 , t ) = u ( 5 , t ) =0 , ut (x , 0 ) = 0 & u( x ,0 ) = x2 ( 5 –x )
Solve y” – y = x,0 < x < 1, given y(0) = y(1) = 0 using finite
1. (b) BTL -4 Analyzing
difference method dividing the interval into 4 equal parts.
Solve the boundary value problem y”=xy subject to the conditions
2. (a) BTL -3 Applying
y(0)+y’(0)=1,y(1)=1,taking h=1/3,by finite difference method.
Solve ytt = 4yxx subject to the condition y(0,t) = 0; y(2,t) = 0; y(x,0)
BTL -2
2.(b) = x(2-x) ; ut(x,0) = 0, Do 4 steps. Find the values upto 2 decimal Understanding
accuracy.
Solve the boundary value problem x2 y ’’ – 2y +x = 0 subject to y(2) BTL -2
3. (a) Understanding
=0 = y(3), find y (2.25 ) by finite difference method.
 2 x , 0  x  2.5
Solve 25  u2 =  u2 , u ( x,0) = 0 u(0, t ) = 0 , u(5, t ) = 0 u ( x,0) = 
2 2

3.(b)
x t t 10 − 2 x, 2.5  x  5 BTL -3 Applying
by the method derived above taking h =1 and for one period of
vibration , ( i.e. up to t =2)
Solve the elliptic equation Uxx + Uyy = 0 for the following square
mesh with boundary values as shown , using Liebman’s iteration
procedure.
11.1 17 19.7 18.6
4.(a) 0 BTL -3 Applying
21.9
0
21.9
0
0 17.0
8.7 12.1 12.8 9

Solve the equation u =  u2 subject to the initial conditions

2

t x
5. (a) BTL -4 Analyzing
u (0 , t ) = u ( 1 , t ) = 0 , u( x ,0 ) = sin πx, 0  x  1, using Crank-
Nicolson method.

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Solve the Laplace equation Uxx+ Uyy = 0 for the following square
mesh with the boundary values as shown in the figure below.

6. (a) BTL -5 Evaluating

Solve by Crank – Nicholson’s method the equation 16 Ut =Uxx

7. (a)
0 <x <1 and t > 0subject to u(x , 0) = 0 , u ( 0,t )=0 and BTL -3 Applying
u (1,t ) =100 t .Compute one time step , taking Δx = ¼ and Δt=1.
Solve Uxx + Uyy = 0 over the square region of side 4, satisfying the
boundary conditions
(i) u (0,y) = 0, 0  x  4,
(ii) u (4,y) = 12 + y, 0  x  4,
7. (b) (iii) u (x, 0) = 3x, 0  x  4, BTL -2 Understanding
(iv) u (x,4) = x2 , 0  x  4,
By dividing the square into 16 square meshes of side 1 and
always correcting the computed values to two places of
decimals, obtain the values of u at 9 interior pivotal points.
8. (a) Solve the equation  2 u = − 10 ( x 2 + y 2 +10 ) over the square mesh
with sides x = 0, y = 0 ,x = 3 and y = 3 with u = 0 on the boundary BTL -4 Analyzing
and mesh length is 1.
Solve u = 4  u2 with the boundary conditions u(0,t) = 0 , u(4,t) = 0
2
9. (a)
t x
and the initial conditions ut (x , 0 ) = 0 & u( x ,0 ) = x (4 –x ) by BTL -3 Applying

taking h = 1 (for 4 times steps)

9.(b) Given the values of u(x, y) on the boundary of the square in figure,
evaluate the function u(x,y) satisfying the Laplace equation Uxx
+ Uyy =0 at the pivotal points of this figure by Gauss seidel method

1000 1000 1000 1000

BTL -5 Evaluating
2000 500

2000 0

1000 500 0 0
10.(a) Solve : u  2 u , given u ( 0 ,t ) = 0,u(4, t ) =0,u(x ,0)= x(4–x ),
= 2
t x BTL -3 Applying
taking h = 1 (for 4 times steps)
10.(b) Solve the Poisson equation Uxx + Uyy = - 81xy , 0<x<1, 0<y<1
BTL -3 Applying
given that u(0,y)=0, u(1,y)=100, u(x,0)=0, u(x,1)=100 and h=1/3.

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11.(a) Using Bender Schmidt formula solve : u  2 u given u(0,t )=0,

= 2
t x
u ( 5 , t ) =0 , u( x ,0 ) = x2 ( 25 –x2 ) , assuming Δx =1. Find the BTL -4 Analyzing
value of u upto t =5.
12.(a) Solve  2u = 8 x 2 y 2 Over the square x=-2, x=2, y=-2, y=2 with u=0
BTL -3 Applying
on the boundary and mesh length =1.
Solve by Crank-Nicolson’s method u =  u2 For 0<x<1, t>0,
2
13.(a)
t x
2 BTL -3 Applying
u(0,t)=0, u(1,t)=0, U(x,0)=100(x-x ). Compute u for one time step.
h=1/4.
13.(b) subject to the following conditions u(0,t)=0, u(1,t)=0, t>0
and for all in 0x1. Taking h=1/4. BTL -3 Applying
Compute u for 4 time steps.
14. Solve Uxx + Uyy =0 in 0x4 , 0y4 given that u(0,y)=0,
u(4,y)=8+2y, u(x,0)=x2/2, u(x,4)= x2 taking h=k=1. Obtain the BTL -3 Applying
result correct of 1 decimal.

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