Op. Con.

compound H2S CO2 N2 He Methane Ethane Propane IB n-Butane Icl n-Pentane n-Hexane Aromatic H2so4 TEG Tc = Pc= w= Tr = Pr = Cp Mix = CV Mix =

MoleFraction 0.45 2.25 3.8 0.01 84.95 5.16 1.02 0.32 0.52 0.1 0.15 0.32 0.04 0.01 -

T= 307.6 MoleFraction Y 0.0045 0.0225 0.038 0.0001 0.8495 0.0516 0.0102 0.0032 0.0052 0.001 0.0015 0.0032 0.0004 0.0001 -

K CP 4.389324 5.778442 3.4624068 2.08E-02 4.290562767 6.518440637 9.232358886 10.76222686 12.2096843 3.5313 15.07881639 17.96116039 0.18705484 -

P = 84.3 CV w -3.924676 -2.535558 0.224 -4.851593 0.038 -8.2932 -0.39 -4.023437 0.012 -1.795559 0.11 0.918359 0.152 2.448227 0.196 3.895684 0.2 -4.7827 -0.472 6.764816 0.252 9.64716 0.301 -8.126945 0.245 -

bar Tc ( c )

Ac = 0.000507 Tc ( K ) Pc ( bar ) Tc * Y 100 373 89.6 1.6785 31.2 304.2 73.83 6.8445 -146.8 126.2 34 4.7956 -267.8 5.2 2.28 0.00052 -82.4 190.6 46 161.9147 32.3 305.3 48.72 15.75348 96.8 369.8 42.48 3.77196 147 420 40.43 1.344 152.1 425.1 37.96 2.21052 335 608 95.8 0.608 196.6 469.6 33.7 0.7044 234.6 507.6 30.25 1.62432 651 924 64 0.0924 -

P= Pc * Y 0.4032 1.661175 1.292 0.000228 39.077 2.513952 0.433296 0.129376 0.197392 0.0958 0.05055 0.0968 0.0064 -

8430000 w*Y 0.00504 0.001444 -3.9E-05 0.010194 0.005676 0.00155 0.000627 0.00104 -0.00047 0.000378 0.000963 2.45E-05 -

N/m2 Cp * Y 0.019752 0.130015 0.131571 2.08E-06 3.644833 0.336352 0.09417 0.034439 0.06349 0.003531 0.022618 0.057476 1.87E-05 -

CV * Y -0.01766 -0.05705 -0.18436 -0.00083 -3.41791 -0.09265 0.009367 0.007834 0.020258 -0.00478 0.010147 0.030871 -0.00081 -

201.3429 K 45.957169 Bar 0.0264263 1.527741976 From these data the value of the compasibilty factor

P absolute of gas =

85.3 BAR

P/ Pg =

0.01172
Z0 = Z1= 0.8328 0.1806 0.1021

-1.227361871

Z=

0.837573

1.834316644 4.538268537 HEAT Ratio K = -3.697579863

Pcritical =

-3.31

SINCE P/Pg is bigger than Pcritical ==> we will use the following formula :

Conclusion :

#NUM!

31.73956

0.991522

mass flow rate =

1734.484

The mass flow rate found from the formula of Shell FRED was too large to consider , as well as the number found previously by the compressibilty factor method , leading us to the fact the the closest value of the mass flow rate to the real value is the one found from bernolii equation of fluids calculasions where it was found to equal = 18.2 Kg/s . This will lead us to the fact that the flow rate of the methane ( which is flammable is equal = 18.2 Kg/s * 3600 s /hr * 0.84 = 59784.48 kg/hr which is alot bigger than 500 kg/hr , and therefore this condition is considered as tier 1 condintion and needed actions are to be taken .

Q:2 If a fire print was found in the location of the leak within 11 Min of the incident , which means that 10090 kg/hr of methane was leaks and burned probably , this would still be counted as PSE due to the fact that according to RasGas system of safety , that any thing that might lead ultimately to a significant consequence is consdered as PSE . Q:3 When considering the toxic released material this case will be classified as tier1 , having the amount of toxics released to equal 54.054 H2S + 1.2012 of H2so4 which is more than 50 Kg/hr

node : Operating conditions : Objective :

E-101 , C-101 , E-102 , V-102 , P101 Ex-101 @ 300 F , C-101 @ 100 ib-ol/hr , 220 F , 90 psig , plate fedin is 12 , E-102 @ Non , V-102 @ Non The Feed from the Reboiler and the V-101 is fed to E-101 which cool the system to be fed C-101 to recover 81%pf the light ends and produce 90% by weight , light ends distilate , to where the E-102 extract the vapour into a flare , and and a refulx via the V-102 , to the P-101
Guide Word Cause Consequences Safe Guard

Recommendation

More

1- Unknown reason 1- Pressure increasing within E-101 causing corrupsion. 2- Increase in temperature in E-101 due to 2-Pressuing increasing in C-101 causing more heat transfered vapurazion . 3- Increase in temperature in C-101 due 3- increase pressure in in E-102 . to high pressure in E-101 4- Increase Pressure in V-102 , causing reflux ratio to be 4-increase in temperature in E-102 due to redeuced , leading to less seperation . high temperature within C-101 1- Will cause pressure in E-101 to decrease leading to contamination 2Cause pressure in C-101 to decrease causing less vapur within the system , causing contamination . 3- Cause pressure in E-102 to decrease leadeing to loss of the reflux. 4Cause pressure in V-102 to decrease , leading to Reflux ration increase ( Good ) 5Pressure will decrease in P-101

2- Alarmed PAH-106. 3- releif valve PSV-106 to operate 4- PSV-105 will operate

2 - 4- System should modifiy it's self in the production of vapour , and consume less at that point

Temperature 1- Unknown reason 2-decrease in temperature in E-101 due to heat transfered 3- decrease in temperature in C-101 due to low pressure in E-101 4-decrease in temperature in E-102 due to low temperature within C-101 1- Unknown reason 2-increase in Pressure in E-101 due to heat transfered 3- increase in Pressure in C-101 due to high temperature in E-101 4-increase in Pressure in E-102 due to high Pressure within C-101 1- Unknown reason 2-decrease in Pressure in E-101 due to heat transfered 3- decrease in Pressure in C-101 due to low temperature in E-101 4-decrease in Pressure in E-102 due to low Pressure within C-101

Less

2- Alarm of PAL-106 3- Alarm by FAL-116 5- PSLL-109 will activate

2- Increasing the pressure is required from operator at that point 3- Another spare reflux drum should be in place to prevent reflux loss 5- Pump should be operated with more power .

More

Pressure

Refer to Tempreture Change

Less

More

1- Unknown reason 2-increase in flow rate in E-101 3-increase in flow rate in C-101 4- increase in flow rate in E-102

Flow 1- Unknown reason 2-decrease in flow rate in E-101 3-decrease in flow rate in C-101 4-decrease in flow rate in E-102 1- Unknown for all the components 1- Unknown for all the components 1- Unknown for all the components 1- Unknown for all the components are a result of high pressure within tube in E-101

1- Cause Flow increase within E-101 Leading to vibraction of system and possible lead leak due overpressure causing contamination . 2- Cause Accumilation in C-101 leading to High level conditions , causing LAH-120 , LAH-107 to be alarmed . 3- Cause contamination in Ex-102 due leak 4- Refer to (2) 1- Cause Flow dencrease within E-101 Leading to a possible lead leak due underpressure causing contamination . 2- Cause Foamingand entratainment in C-101 . 3- Cause contamination in Ex-102 due leak 4- Refer to (2)

2- LAH-120 , LAH-107 will be alarmed

2- System should be working slowly at the point to prevent any loss or contamination

Less

2- High level conditions in first trays ( Flood) , Causing LAL-120 , LAL-107 to be alarmed , as well as LSL-121 on the C-101 to interlock.

2- Action taken by safe guard are best to be done .

Level Vibrations

More Less More Less

Refer to Flow Change

Contamination

Yes

Cause the tube in E-101 to leakfrom pipeline of p-102 to a relif valve should be attached to the input pipeline causing contamination , and if the the bottom's pump to prevent such pressure is so high will lead to the entrainment within a thing the c-101 which might lead the system trays to vibrate

The pressure within shell and tube shall be lower

node : Operating conditions : Objective :

E-103, P-102 Ex-103 @ 300Psig ,P-102@ Non Bottoms enter Ex-103 from C-101 , to be rebioered and and the vapur taken , or sent via P-102 to the system again via the E-101
Guide Word Cause Consequences Safe Guard

Parameter

Recommendation

More Temperature

1- Increase in temperature in C-101 2- Increase in temperature in E-103

1- Pressure increasing within E-103 causing corrupsion And contamination due leak 2- Cause P-102 inside pressure to increase , causing vibration which can cause failure and possible leak is vailed too due to overpressure leading to contamination . 1- Pressure decrease will contaminate E-103 causing TAL-126 to activate . 2- Pressure decrease Refer to Tempreture Change

1- Alert TAL-126 will activate 2- PSLL-125 will Activate and if contamination occurs MOV-122 will activate 1- TAL-126 Will activate 2- PSLL-125 will activate

1- System should be stopped to prevent furthur contamination 2- if vibration still exist system shall be shutdown and maintained

Less More Pressure Less

1-decrease in temperature in C-101 2-decrease in temperature in E-103 1-increase in Pressure in C-101 2-increase in Pressure in E-103 1-decrease in Pressure in C-101 2-decrease in Pressure in E-103 1-increase in flow rate in C-101 2-increase in flow rate in E-103 1-decrease in flow rate in C-101 2-decrease in flow rate in E-103

Refer to 1 in temperature increase 1- Cause E-103 corrupsion and failure due to overflow , causing contamination and vibrations 2- Cause P-102 to leak 1- 2- E-103 and P-102 contamination due to leak.
1- TAL-126 activation 2- Alerting MOV-122

More Flow Less Level Vibrations More Less More Less

1- 2- alerting TAL-126 and PSLL-125 .

1- Unknown for all the components

Refer to Flow Change and Tempreture change .

Contamination

Yes

Cause the tube in E-101 to leakfrom pipeline of p-102 to the input pipeline causing contamination , and if are a result of high pressure within tube in Ethe pressure is so high will lead to the entrainment 101 within the c-101 which might lead the system trays to vibrate

a relif valve should be attached to the bottom's The pressure within shell and tube pump to prevent such a shall be lower thing