Different Periods of Philippine Bikolanos.
Paradise is known as Maca,
while Hell is Kasanaan.
Literature The Story of Bathala
Ang Pag-aaway ng Dagat at Langit
1. Pre-Colonial Period – existed before
the Spanish occupation in the 1500s. Legends – usually come with a moral
lesson that give credit to supernatural;
Three forms of Pre-Colonial Literature powers,
supernatural occurrences, and other out-of-
Oral Literature this-world native imagination.
The Legend of Maria Makiling
Riddles (Mga Bugtong) – statements that The Legend of the Sampaguita
contain superficial words, but they function
figuratively and as metaphors, and are in Fables – short or brief stories that cater
the form of questions. the children of the native Filipinos and are
Proverbs (Mga salawikain) – statements usually
that are considered as wise. bounded by good manners and right
conduct.
Folk Songs Ang Kuneho at ang Pagong
Si Juan Tamad
Lullabies – locally known as ‘hele’, these
are sung to put to sleep babies. Epics – contains encounters of fighters,
stereotypical princes or heroes that save a
Drinking Songs – locally known as ‘tagay’ damsel in
and are sung during drinking sessions. distress.
Hinilawod
Loves Songs – known as the ‘Harana’. It Darangen
can also be called Courtship songs and are
used by 2. Spanish Period – the start of
young men to capture the heart of the girl Philippine’s more colourful history took
they love. place in March 6, 1521 when
Ferdinand Magellan docked on the shore of
Religious Songs – songs or chants that are Homonhon. The Filipinos were then called
usually given during exorcisms and “Ladinos”,
thanksgiving meaning they were latinized.
during good harvest.
Forms of Spanish Period Literature
Songs of Death – lamentations that
contain the roll of good deeds that the Religious Literature
dead has usually
done to immortalize his or her good image. Pasyon – about the passion (journey and
suffering) and the death of Jesus Christ.
Folk Tales (Mga Kwentong bayan)
Senakulo – re-enactment of the Pasyon.
Myths – tackle the natural to strange
occurences of the earth to how things were Komedya – depicts the European society
created with through love and fame, but can also be a
an aim to give an explanation to things. narrative
There is Bathala for the Tagalogs and the about a journey, just like Dante Aligheri’s
Guerang for Divine Comedy.
Secular or Non-Religious Literature against the parish priests but also contains
a philosophy of the power and intelligence
Awit – are tales of chivalry where a knight of God
saves a princess. Florante and Laura is a and an appreciation for love for nature.
good
example. 3. Jose Rizal
Noli Me Tangere – the novel that gave
Korido – a metrical tale of a tale that the spirit to the propaganda movement and
follows the structure of a poem paved the
way to the revolution against Spain.
Prose Narratives – are easy to understand
instructional materials that in a literary light Revolutionary Literature
that
teachers Filipinos on proper decorum. 1. Andres Bonifacio
Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak
Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na ng Bayan (Obligations of our Countrymen)
si Urbana at Feliza – an outline
(1864) is a good example. just like the 10 Commandments, hence, it is
likewise called “Ang Dekalogo”.
Propaganda Literature Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog
- These were in the forms of satires, (What the Tagalogs should know) – an
editorials, and news articles that aimed to essay outlining the
attack the Spanish basic tenets of Bonifacio’s ideas on
Rules. nationalism.
Propaganda Trinity 2. Emilio Jacinto
Liwanag at Dilim (Light and Darkness) –
1. Graciano Lopez Jaena collection of essays on different subjects
Fray Botod – he exposed how some of like freedom,
the friars were greedy, ambitious, and work, faith, government, and love of
immoral. country.
La Hija Del Fraile (The Child of the
Friar) and Everything is Hambug 3. Apolinario Mabini
(Everything is mere show) – El Desarollo y Caida de la Republica
he explains the tragedy of marrying a Filipina (The Rise and Fall of the Philippine
tragedy Spaniard. Republic) – this
essay highlights the establishment of the
2. Marcelo H. Del Pilar Philippine republic and its subsequent
Kaingat Kayo (Be careful) – a doom to
humorous and sarcastic dig to Fr. Jose disunity among the Filipinos.
Rodrigues in the novel NOLI
of Rizal, published in Barcelona in 1888. He 3. American Period – use of English
used Dolores Manapat as pen-name here. Language alongside Filipino was practiced.
Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and
Jokes) – similar to a cathecism but Three forms of American Period
sarcastically done against Literature
the parish protests, published in Barcelona
in 1888. Because of this Del Pilar was called Poetry
“Filibuster”. Ang Cadaquilaan ng Dios
(God’s Goodness) – was also like a Jose Corazon de Jesus – “Batute”
cathecism sarcastically aimed
Mga Gintong Dahon – poems pre- Poetry – common themes are
occupied with such non-traditional themes nationalism, country, love, and life in the
as passion-slaying, barrios, faith, religion
grief-induces, insanity, and lover’s suicide. and the arts.
Sa Dakong Silangan – returned to the
awit form, retelling the history of the Fiction – lots of short stories were written
Philippines under which made the field of the short story
Spain, the coming of the US under the guise widen.
of friendship to take over from Spain.
Essays – composed to glorify the Filipinos
Drama (Sarsuwela) and at the same time to figuratively attack
the
Severino Reyes Japanese.
Walang Sugat – draw from the period 5. Contemporary Period
of Revolution, depicting the cruelty and Literary innovations were present,
corruption of adapted, and crafted by Filipinos.
friars and the heroism of the soldiers of the Every Filipino has freedom to write and
Katipunan. express their feelings even without any
literary
Remake Novels background.
The Philippine Literature has a lot of
Gabriel Beato Francisco – author of the new forms and has gone far and it will go
first published Tagalog novel titled on to the future.
“Cababalagahan ni
P. Bravo” Canonical Works of Philippine
Inigo Ed Regalado – “Madaling Araw” National Artists in Literature
was his first novel showing the complex
interrelations of Philippine National Artists
issues and people in contemporary
Philippine Society. Cirilo Bautista
The Trilogy of Saint Lazarus – an epic
Juan Lauro Arsciwals – “Lalaking Uliran o historical poem covering periods such as
Tulisan”, allusion to the colonial law that the colonization
branded of the Philippines by Spain, Rizal’s exile to
Filipino patriots as bandits. Dapitan, the revolution against Spain , and
the EDSA.
4. Japanese Period – Philippine Literature “The Archipelago” (1970)
come to halt “Telex Moon” (1981)
“Sunlight on Broken Stones” (1999)
Drama – big movie houses were
converted to stage shows where many Lazaro A. Francisco – “Master of the
plays were Tagalog Novel”
reproductions of English plays to Tagalog. Ama
Bayang Nagpatiwakal
Maganda pa ang Daigdig
Newspapers – some writers were
Daluyong
suppressed which made the spirit of
nationalism seep into
Bienvenido Lumbera
their consciousness.
Tales of the Manuvu
Rama: Hari Jose Garcia Villa – used the pen name
Nasa Puso ang Amerika “Doveglion”, which was a combination of
Bayani the words “dove”,
Noli Me Tangere: The Musical “eagle”, and “lion” and was what he
believed was his true persona.
Alejandro Reyes Roces The Anchored Angel
Of Cocks and Kites The Emperor’s New Sonnet
Fiesta Footnote to Youth
Something to Crow About
My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken
Representative Texts and Authors
Virgilio S. Almario – “Rio Alma”
The children’s story “Ibong Adarna” Region 1: Ilocos Region
Filipino translations of Jose Rizal’s “Noli Pedro Bukaneg – first known Ilocano poet.
Me Tangere” and “El Filibusterismo” Authored the popular Filipino epic “Biag ni
Lam-ang” –
Francisco Sionil Jose bravery when displayed positively becomes
The Rosales Saga honourable.
The Pretenders
Tree Region 2: Cagayan Valley
My Brother, My Executioner
Mass Florentino Hornedo – professor and
Po-onEdith Tiempo Cultural Pioneer of Ivatan Culture.
A Blade of Fern When the Adipasayaw Birds Pass
The Native Coast
The Alien Corn Region 3: Central
Francisco Balagtas – wrote Florante at
Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzales – Laura while being imprisoned. He dedicated
“N.V.M. Gonzales” it to his sweetheart
The Winds of April Maria Asuncion Rivera, whom he
Seven Hills Away nicknamed “M.A.R.” amd is referenced to
Children of the Ash-Covered Loam and as “Selya” in the
Other Stories dedication.
The Bamboo Dancers
Region 4A: CALABARZON
Francisco Arcellana Jose Rizal – a prolific writer and was anti-
Frankie violence.
The Man Who Would Be Poe Our Mother Tounge – he wrote the
Death in a Factory original version of his poem in Tagalog
The Mats when he was just
eight years old.
Carlos Pena Romulo
The United (novel)
Region 4B: MIMAROPA
I Walked with Heroes (autobiography)
Malou Jacob – a playwright.
I Saw the Fall of the Philippines
Juan Tamban – an intelligent, three
Mother America
acts play that is able to relate a boy’s life
I See the Philippines Rise (war-time
with what is going
memoirs)
on in contemporary Philippine society.
Region 5: BICOL REGION
Estelito Baylon Jacob – one of the editors scholar whose lifelong work has been
of Bangraw, a Bikol magazine, and currently devoted to the movement to preserve
the president of Spanish culture as an
kabulig, bikol writers association. important element of the Filipino identity.
Maraming Ngiti, Maraming Tuwa Con Cimbos De Caña (CollecciÒn
Oriente Ed. Moreno Mejias, 2011)
Region 6: Western Visayas
Alice Tan Gonzales – a regional literary Region 13: CARAGA
artist. She has critically-acclaimed Joey Ayala – well-known for his style of
masterpieces written in music that combines the sounds of Filipino
Hiligaynon. ethnic instruments
In the Womb of the Earth with modern pop music.
Region 7: Central Visayas NCR: National Capital Region
Michael Obenieta – writes poetry and Nicomedes “Nick” Marquez Joaquin – also
prose in both Cebuana and English. wrote using the pen name Quijano de
Kay Ang Kahilom Usa Usab Kasiloy – Manila.
explains the love of his mother to his son. The Woman Who had Two Novels –
the conflict between reality and fantasy.
Region 8: Eastern Visayas
Iluminado Lucente – was a Philippine CAR: Codillera Administrative Region
writer, primarily writing poetry and drama Fernando Mamuri Maramag – a poet and
in the Waray language. essayist.
An Iroy Nga Tuna – written to The Rural Maid
accentuate the beauty and serenity of
being close to the ARMM: Autonomous Region in Muslim
motherland. Mindanao
Imelda Morales Aznar – writer by
Region 9: Zamboanga Peninsula profession.
Emigdo Alvarez Enriquez – started writing Old House
at the age of 20. He is a novelist, and
storywriter.
The White Horse of Alih – examines
discrimination based on race and religion.
Region 10: Northern Mindanao
Emmanuel Agapito Flores Lacaba – “Poet
warrior” of the Philippines.
Salvaged Poem
Region 11: Davao
Ricardo M. De Ungria – received writing
residency fellowships.
Decimal Places Poet
Region 12: SOCCSKSARGEN
Guillermo Gomez Rivera – a Spanish
Filipino multilingual author, historian,
educator and linguistic
