Activity 5

OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED

Fig. 1 Fig. 2
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 3. Let the lists of numbers be
(i) 1, 2, 5, 9, ....... (ii) 1, 4, 7, 10, ......
4. Make strips of lengths 1, 2, 5, 9 units and strips of lengths 1, 4, 7, 10 units
and breadth of each strip one unit.
5. Paste the strips of lengths 1, 2, 5, 9 units as shown in Fig. 1 and paste the
strips of lengths 1, 4, 7, 10 units as shown in Fig. 2.

DEMONSTRATION
1. In Fig. 1, the difference of heights (lengths) of two consecutive strips is not
same (uniform). So, it is not an AP.
2. In Fig. 2, the difference of heights of two consecutive strips is the same
(uniform) throughout. So, it is an AP.

OBSERVATION
In Fig. 1, the difference of heights of first two strips = _____________
the difference of heights of second and third strips = _____________
the difference of heights of third and fourth strips = _____________
Difference is _____________ (uniform/not uniform)
So, the list of numbers 1, 2, 5, 9 _____________ form an AP. (does/does not)
Write the similar observations for strips of Fig.2.
Difference is _____________ (uniform/not uniform)
So, the list of the numbers 1, 4, 7, 10 _________ form an AP. (does/does not)

APPLICATION NOTE
This activity helps in understanding the Observe that if the left top
concept of arithmetic progression. corners of the strips are joined,
they will be in a straight line in
case of an AP.

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Activity 6
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
To find the sum of first n natural Cardboard, coloured papers, white
numbers. paper, cutter, adhesive.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Take a rectangular cardboard of a convenient size and paste a coloured paper
on it. Draw a rectangle ABCD of length 11 units and breadth 10 units.
2. Divide this rectangle into unit squares as shown in Fig. 1.
3. Starting from upper left-most corner, colour one square, 2 squares and so
on as shown in the figure.

DEMONSTRATION
1. The pink colour region looks like a stair case.
2. Length of 1st stair is 1 unit, length of 2nd stair is 2 units, length of 3rd stair
3 units, and so on, length of 10th stair is 10 units.

Fig. 1
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 3. These lengths give a pattern
1, 2, 3, 4, ..., 10,
which is an AP with first term 1 and common difference 1.
4. Sum of first ten terms
= 1 + 2 + 3 + ... +10 = 55 (1)

1
Area of the shaded region = (area of rectangle ABCD)
2

1
= × 10 ×11 , which is same as obtained in (1) above. This shows that the
2
1 1
sum of the first 10 natural numbers is ×10 ×11 = ×10 (10 + 1) .
2 2
This can be generalised to find the sum of first n natural numbers as

1
Sn = n ( n + 1) (2)
2

OBSERVATION
For n = 4, Sn = ..............................
For n = 12, Sn = ..............................
For n = 50, Sn = ..............................
For n = 100, Sn = .............................

APPLICATION
Result (2) may be used to find the sum of first n terms of the list of numbers:
1. 12, 22, 32, ...
2. 13, 23, 33, ...
to be studied in Class XI.

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Activity 7
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
To find the sum of the first n odd Cardboard, thermocol balls, pins,
natural numbers. pencil, ruler, adhesive, white paper.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Take a piece of cardboard of a convenient size and paste a white paper on it.
2. Draw a square of suitable size on it (10 cm × 10 cm).
3. Divide this square into unit squares.
4. Fix a thermocol ball in each square with the help of a pin as shown in Fig. 1.
5. Enclose the balls as shown in the figure.

Fig. 1
DEMONSTRATION
Starting from the uppermost right corner, the number of balls in first enclosure
(blue colour) = 1 (=12),

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the number of balls in first 2 enclosures = 1 + 3 = 4 (=22),
the number of balls in first 3 enclosures = 1 + 3 + 5 = 9 (=32),
the number of balls in first 10 enclosures = 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 19 = 100 (=102).
This gives the sum of first ten odd natural numbers. This result can be generalised
for the sum of first n odd numbers as:
Sn = 1 + 3 + ......... + (2n – 1) = n2 (1)

OBSERVATION
For n = 4 in (1), Sn = ........................
For n = 5 in (1), Sn = ........................
For n = 50 in (1), Sn = ........................
For n = 100 in (1), Sn= ........................

APPLICATION
The activity is useful in determining formula for the sum of the first n odd
natural numbers.

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