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Implementation of Home Automation System using MQTT Protocol and ESP32

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 International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)
ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-8, Issue-2C2, December 2018

Implementation of Home Automation System

using MQTT Protocol and ESP32
V. Thirupathi, K. Sagar 

ABSTRACT--- In the era of Internet of Things (IOT) and A. Bluetooth enabled Home Automation systems.
digital technology automation of everything has become more Bluetooth is a wireless equipment for transmitting data
popular. People are very smart, they want to control and monitor
everything from working places. This paper explains a cloud between two devices that are in nearby propinquity; it is
based home automation system using MQTT protocol. It enable most appropriate for little timed transmissions. Bluetooth
users to control and monitor home appliances using a mobile app communication equipment does not need line of sight
or a web page. Using cloud technologies became cost effective between the two connecting devices. It is a feasible
because most cloud developers are offering their services freely. alternative to develop home automation systems over the
Keywords IOT, Cloud, Mobile App, MQTT, ESP32 traditional remote control.
In [1], the authors explained about „PICONET‟, which is
I. INTRODUCTION used to create network in Bluetooth equipment. Authors
As technology developing faster, researchers are taking it explained master-slave communication among different
as an advantage to implement new intelligent systems or devices. The Bluetooth device which is connected to
enhancing the existing systems. Home automation system or microcontroller chip and serves as a master and other devices
smart home systems are getting more popularity in recent which are connected to different appliances are slaves. An
days. These home automation systems are enhancing by Android mobile phone is used as a remote controller which
changing existing features like communication medium or sends appropriate commands through the Bluetooth device.
features day to day. These commands are collected by the microcontroller and
Home automation systems enable users to control and necessary action would be taken. The microcontroller checks
monitor every home appliance from remote places. Many for new commands for every 500 milliseconds form android
wireless technologies have introduced and enhanced in mobile phone. But it works with in short range of distance. In
implementation of home automation systems in recent days. [2] and [27] authors explained a secure, low cost and flexible
The available wireless technologies infrared, Bluetooth, home automation system. Here Arduino microcontroller was
ZigBee, Wi-Fi, RFID and GSM are used to develop a used to receive commands from mobile phones. This system
commercially viable smart home systems. enables only the authorized users. Authentication has
This paper explains design and development of a cloud checked with passwords, if the password are correct then
based home automation system. Now a days many cloud only the users are allowed to access the system. The ON/OFF
vendors offering their services free of cost. So this system is signals sent through internet. [3] Explained home automation
cost effective, secure and reliable. MQTT protocol has in system using Bluetooth as communication medium. Android
built security features so it provides security at Secure mobile phone was used as the remote controller, which has a
Socket Layer (SSL) level. A user can send relevant user interface with ON/OFF buttons. When we press
commands through cloud to control home appliances from ON/OFF buttons appropriate command will be sent to the
remote places. This system is a combination of Wi-Fi, microcontroller through Bluetooth module. Microcontroller
cloudMQTT, ESP32, relays and power supply unit. The would take the decision i.e. which relay need to be enabled.
remaining paper planned as follows: part II presents Bluetooth has a major problem, which is not appropriate
discussion on Home automation systems which were when user would like control appliance from a longer
developed previously. Part III explains system design and distances.
implementation. Part IV presents evaluation. Conclusion
discussed in part V. B. Home automation using ZigBee
Few authors implemented Home automation systems with
II. RELATED WORK ZigBee as a communication medium. It is an IEEE 802.15.4
[4] radio frequency (RF) based communication device. In [4]
Different home automation systems have developed by
authors explained a home automation system with
various authors. In this sections I will give a brief discussion
interoperability of home applications. Wi-Fi and ZigBee
on home automation system based on communication
technologies have combined to create an integrated gateway
mediums.
which helps in controlling and monitoring home appliances
remotely. These gateways are used to facilitate
interoperability among networks.
Revised Manuscript Received on December 22, 2018.
V. Thirupathi, (Research Scholar in OU), Assistant. Professor S R
Engineering College, Warangal. Telangana, India.
Dr. K. Sagar, Professor Chaitanya Bharathi institute of technology,
Hyderabad. Telangana, India.

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: B10241282C218/18©BEIESP 111 & Sciences Publication
 IMPLEMENTATION OF HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING MQTT PROTOCOL AND ESP32

In [5], the authors implemented ZigBee based home (Constrained application protocol) based automation system
automation system which enables to monitor and control has explained in [21]. COAP is used to develop Machine-to-
home appliances by adding security. It is used to control and Machine sensor network applications. Paper [22] and [29]
monitor electrical doors and gas system. Home owner will discussed home automation system for multifunctional
be intimated using SMS when intrusion has identified. appliances using internet. It explained implementation of
Immediately owner closes all the doors and enables gas low-cost, secure and flexible home automation system. [22]
system by sending necessary commands. ZigBee devices are And [23] explained internet and email based home
required less power in contrast from Bluetooth devices. A automation systems using Arduino microcontroller.
voice based Home automation system has explained in [6],
[7]. It uses ZigBee device as a communication medium. In III. SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
[8] authors explained ZigBee and GPRS based Home
security system. This system has a host control system
which was made by using PIR sensor, ZigBee device and
GPRS device. Sub functional devices were connected to
host control system. Sub functional devices acquire data
through its acquisition devices and provides communication
using ZigBee. In [9] authors presented a Home automation
system which is energy efficient.
C. Home automation using GSM
Short Message Service (SMS) permits to send and receive
text messages through mobile phones. The text consists of
words or digit or group of words and digits (alphanumeric).
Because easy use of SMS it is widely used in developing
automation systems. Controlling and monitoring home Fig-1 home automation system
appliances from remote places using different
communication mediums such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, Fig-1 explains the proposed system design. Users can
Wireless LAN and cellular networks. Cellular networks send relevant commands to control the home appliances
provide wide range of communications and cost effective through MQTT broker. ESP32 receives these messages form
compare to other communication mediums such as ZigBee MQTT broker and control appliances accordingly.
and Bluetooth. Cellular networks uses GSM (Global System MQTT
for communication). In [10] and [28] authors presented
Fig-2 explains MQTT architecture. IBM introduced a
device to device communication using GSM. The authors
lightweight Message Queue telemetry Transport protocol to
presented a smart home system in [11] which enable users to
provide machine-to-machine (M2M) communications.
control home appliances by sending text messages through
MQTT works on top of TCP layer and provides
GSM network. It provides simple and easy way to regulate
publish/subscribe asynchronous communications.
the appliances in a reasonable cost. Microcontroller receives
Publish/subscribe provides best IOT services than
text messages from users, these will be processed and
request/response protocols since clients do not require to
control signals sent to relays. Relays either switching
wish updates so that it requires less bandwidth. In MQTT
ON/OFF the appliances. User gets a messages as feedback
broker (server) [24] contains topics. Clients can be act as a
which explains the current state of appliances. In [12], the
publisher and send messages to the broker for a specific
authors explained a home automation system using
topic. Subscribers receive messages from brokers. MQTT is
J2ME/J2EE framework. In [13] and [14]-[19] authors
a low overhead protocol even it is running on top of TCP
explained home automation systems using GSM technology.
[25]. It also supports request/response of constrained
In this system home appliances controlled with help of text
application protocol (COAP). MQTT brokers need
messages.
username and passwords to provide security which is
D. Internet based home automation system controlled by Transport Layer Security and Secure Socket
The internet became more popular in 21st century. It Layer (TLS/SSL). COAP has problem of packet loss
grasps all other variations of wireless technologies by because lack of TCPs retransmission procedure. In [25]
overcoming unlimited distance. Internet is strength for author explained lower loss of pockets but it can support
internet of things. In [20] author explained a home less traffic to guarantee reliability. [26] explained MQTT
automation system which is IPbased. To reduce cost and protocol and broker architecture.
complications of IPbased home automation system, authors
proposed this system. In order to simplify the cost and
complexity of IP-based system, the authors implemented a
hardware/software structure called IPAcBox which permits
home/office automation systems to be monitored and
controlled over a direct connection right out of the box. This
automation system is very cost effective to develop when we
compare it with GSM automation systems. COAP

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: B10241282C218/18©BEIESP 112 & Sciences Publication
 International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)
ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-8, Issue-2C2, December 2018

Fig-2 MQTT architecture

Fig-4 Android MQTT client
ESP32
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
In this I have discussed a home automation system using
MQTT and ESP32. To test the system Android MQTT
client pre available application has used. But it is not user
friendly. As a future work one can develop an android or ios
application with good user interface. It helps in controlling
home appliances very easily.

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Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: B10241282C218/18©BEIESP 113 & Sciences Publication
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