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Bhavya 28th January 2023 Notes

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45 views13 pages

Bhavya 28th January 2023 Notes

Uploaded by

Sisir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Compile A Compilex £abes a progaan.as 'whdle— Ond genenats, inten mediate maachine cod es—Thi = trang lates the entire “ounce code in_a singe yun: (Lr ONY. intermedrat machine code: iG IDE The fuse form is inte yaked Develobmer Tool on which Wwe can. write the co te St f the environmenk ,.also—provides — ae Maou, feakuus & hence iE increases SU vuaiicu wiur vam chest, 7 | Ex Codeblocks 5 VS code, Sublime, Xcode == Writing oux fix £ progam _ Scope sh, nt mam () _ fot mand) £ 73 _ 1s_iS_similax to stat combonent we = have done fn the flowchart Compiler wile soxch for this & frem fuse the exe St tha -byogsam will Stant- 2 cout << “Namaste Bhanak” 5 This is used to byint on the console /soreen bude Ve Gives ON Cor th otis the use of undeclared ident fren - | This means that compiler _ does not Rnouw What is Couk: | Be fove we use. COUX 5 We! Reed tofnbort its code ok wecan use This £ r ( 3) Fle! ha. tea suing. (mplementahien gh Heincluds . cout <= us quot the-cods of fmblementahion ef, We use std is couk << “Hello”? 5 =r 4 This fs a Damesboce lamespace This ($ basically scone £ uk with be deth nett and._imb lementaben -— ent na, mesbacts-———— Stan, i —— bhence we wrote ¢ i cette _tmnplementab n cs Standond homes A namesbou, a ovaiicu wittt Valli classmate. Namespace iS oO veqion where thr scope eb identfiexs have been defined For artes scope_e}, cout IS defined In std Namespace _ But this 1's a Cumbexsome task ef writing Std $3 cout again again & hence we can _ desine [declase which namespace te-use ysing nameShace std i Novus we can 0 fun chonabity et firint si} ly ay couk << coukK<) “He mG) Tesrntnatuy L — For prnting ‘> Past of Syrnbols GAs U Standard oukp “Hi” 3 Heiis a vent (Siving) Written ins dowste Tnyeted. Commas 1 Couk << 25 7 Theme wil? be printing : Couk << "2" > YT 2 on tha scneer . ouk << 6275 Also note that << IS Rnown as insertion j LObex ator « — Stng®s frverked commas means chanackes + Double fryvented commas means String {Next Line HO go te the next Line we use Reywor 1 vvuaiicu wiul vam classmate, Date couki<< “Hee i Hi Hello couk << SHedlo’> kouk << “He” < He = Cour << “Hello” 5 J Helis 7 Note! Thens (6 one move way to add news Aine be new dine chanacten VR couk << He Nn” > CHE couk << “Hello” 5 J Helde- : . Log fcobby thine i's no difference blue endl & — me Taking Input From user Fox_pxinhng we use cout buk for taking — Input from ‘the Usex » Cin is used But for taking inpuk swe have ‘te store ikin x Imempxy & that memony Space is given a — name Int a 5 > Taking integer memory shace 4 f cin >ras hame a- qe bs To toke input & send it ts memory Sboce a Note “Hcamblels giving Input swe need GLE lenten Rey. a Comments (n C++ _— These Sines at \Gnoved. by compiler 2p — vuaiicu wiur vam tb _exeuiked We fave te add thin te make Une comment W This Q_comment Comments can be useh ts make notes. Alse there IS a Shortut te make a (ine commentis _| chrg + / Vaswable Vouables can _bede fined ax named rnemory § ocahon se that we can refer It fn fukure- Int a=75 ——> [7 | cout <| funehon, > O/b Tekuin tybe | int main 0) $ PZ By L Le Size Range Chan ~128-127 hort - 32168 - 32167 _—— int Ql 8 - 24.7 —— Long. T8l-- B-Q14.7 HF. 8- 92a..7 iene dong Long If loak 00 |-f [go |p |p |p | — 3-4 e+/-38 double I-7 e@ +/- 308 32 64 bit CPU + canbeWffenent for bre CPU Int daka tube a £ St memory - yobe 4x8=32 bis Boies Bbrts 8 ets Sets | (byte byte Lbyte | byte thie ase 2 I hence 23? ans bo one pee i itlest—ott chost data. Chax ch = a> S | byte _ 8 bts ¥ _l | byte aé Sea ep tessible as cack bis Lave either 6 ov Mc feted a begg — 2xXQ -- x2 =Q8 CB times _— _ = ovaiicu witth Gari classmate. Now qaushon comen that whether characte Q_IS Steved oy not. But a numbex is Stoved Instead 2 ale the Characters axe mapped te ASCIT vale fe a numeuc value £ thi humestic value is converted inte Os & Is & then Stored - QA 91- converted to os 2 IS Qnd-then_ Stored in memory boolean data tube Can have only Qvalus be _elther truror Ise ; aka type = a bool flag = trusa5 bood Flag = false! couk << Flag 5 > Gives o/p. 4. couk<< Flag 34 jo truz — 1 2 Simflax false + O AX The Sbace taken by boolean is [byte but _ it Is suffcienk to vebyvesent fe tn tf bit but shoe | byte 1's taken because moltst /minimum memory that can be Used. Is 1 byte. Thee is memory wastage alse. _ [aay te 4 is tb byte. floak & double data tybe There ons used for vebverenting dectmal AuUmbers + vuaimicu wiur vam | Float f= 1-25 a i double f = 1-25 a Tl But which one to use? Double fs more _ i et & Float takes up de Memory Skace - The one taking move _ 5 can_ye| (9g es Mutmber + 2 bo ase) Quap As we Rnous that’ as6 Characters cam onks ; be stored in chan but what ifwedo chan ch =2563 7 is 1S bastcalty the overf lous condvhon 2 2HnOy Comes 1-e Ovenflou Mn convenson From int £0 Chax changes vedue from "256? t@ “\ooo0”’ = Also we can say fort 8 bits wrd2% be cobred- wi Deuved Lean. Ex Ayrays» pointer ete. oto. tubes Primitive oka type ant ured fe malee ‘ ai) Vawwable naming convenhona &_undixscoves Names noust begin with fetter or underscore — Names are Care sengihve Names can not have sbaca £ ho Special charat then thon. Undinecore canbe sured sizeeh QO sea This vetwins The Sige of data. tup en bytes —~ ovaiicu wit vam sizeof Cint)s > 4 2 th bytes Sizeof Cchan) j 3 2 data. w Posihve numbers iin ar ='515 (fo) Sic) Tiel] B2bits chan ch =a’ 5 > Just convert the ASCIE Vodur te brassy & Then Ht wil be stra te thok Of Prtegen. i | - - SB bits It 's important tounote that first bit from Lebt wil be O I$ +ve number 1: those - St wr 00 be 2 1 —ve number is There - i Negative Mmumbes : Wit® be stoved 1 as Compliment - Woy to find ans Complement % Is complement + | Firp Oo te 2 £ | 459 0 Ja cooooll!| § Tut tor undwutandira 8 Ii itlooo = Is complement bits. i 1llooe I It] loot Sas comblement a4 +l = lo * binowus \ VUQGINITU WILT van cliseug (ht a =-5 Step! Tgnove Negative Ss gn : a 5 te [Stepa Find binary equivalent ef 5 Coo... Olol Steb 3] Find 2 Complement Lhi-- Loto lold sas complement This wasp =Vve Numben Is stored fa he Memory u ~vend. <—QIt_- How te read fram memory, Just find 2 Comblement 006--~oloo \ SIO CMETOR onl 7S 7 Buk we have abme See fivet bre tn mem checahbatee se fase — (E'S a negative ‘umben ene Ans > -5 = Tntenreshn: pal Tel Teak ae Hous we gek fe Baas ahctna ate Ha fo seod_ ot tha bm oy Yt ve \ vvuaiicu wiur vam classmate Date. This is known by the data type ured: Staned v unsigned. hota type nest ci tore ale 2 the Numbers whether [tve »-ve Or O Sn we store th egative voluios For e xamble =Lunsigned Inké_ wr2l Rave rings ei 0 te “ase =| We By deSautt » data type wilt be signed - Range st signed int wil? be -2%! to a8! =i. | Q 3? Divide tate 2 he Qi aal 3 Thats why taking 23! in the Yange - Beneuc for nm bits Signed 3 -ar! te ar! -1 Unstgned © te Qrh-) [Ty pecashng Convech ng ane ty af obeys tant — data ty be Cha ch = 97 5 7 Lnteger te chaxackr. COUEKOh yy at ive Q An oukpuk = 6b) $4 Chonacker th Tnkegeu Int pum Couk << num 57 five 98 QA oukpur ———svanrret wittuvam Imp treit. Type OIE e Ut riwtnee nine See ny This is outro matic type casting. The above. examples Were sf [mpliert type conversio fox tubecashng. a leak A= (Float) 2 3 a 2 heudaka type wit be mMmenitioned« _ ( Opexators in C++ Axith mehc operators mC) toss Rs 1, th ane ancth metic openator. — [Foe=is b=3 (i cCouk << G@/b) < The giver olb a. a Note 4 fine = fnt fleat = Float » clouble = douse — Int tint Pre Int = float , Floak = fioab Float Flook 2) Relational Obenator: 29<, >=5

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