Digital Logic Gates

1. The NOT (or INVERTER) Gate

U1 U2:A
1 2
A 1 0 Y A 1 1 0 Y
NOT
input output input 7404 output

ANSI symbol IEC symbol

Statement: The NOT gate is a digital (logic) circuit where the output is always the inverse (opposite) of the input applied.
Truth Table Boolean equation Timing diagram

Input Output 1
Input A
A Y 0 time
0 1 1
Output Y
1 0
0 time

2. The NON-INVERTING or BUFFER Gate

U3
A 0 0 Y A 0 1 ? Y
BUFFER
input output input output
ANSI symbol IEC symbol
Statement: The Buffer gate is a digital circuit where the output always follows the input (i.e. The output is always equal to the input)
Truth Table Boolean equation Timing diagram

Input Output 1
Input A
A Y 0 time
0 0 1
Output Y
1 1 0 time
 Digital Logic Gates
3. The AND Gate

U4 U5
A 1 A 0 1
1 Y 2 & 3
? Y
B 1 AND output B 0 7408.IEC output
inputs inputs
ANSI symbol IEC symbol

Statement: The AND gate is a digital (logic) circuit where the output is logic 1 ONLY when ALL the inputs are at logic 1,
else the output remains at logic 0.

Truth Table Boolean equation Timing diagram

Inputs Output 1
Input A
A B Y 0 time
0 0 0 1
Input B
0 1 0
0 time
1 0 0
1
1 1 1 Output Y
0 time
Notes:

1. Instead of logic 1 we can say logic high.

2. Instead of logic 0 we can say logic low.
3. In practice the logic 1 will be a positive voltage.
4. In practice the logic 0 will be a zero voltage (0V=GND).
5. The AND gate can have 3 or more inputs but it gives a logic 1
output only once, when ALL inputs are high, irrispective of the
number of inputs connected to the gate.
4. The NAND Gate (NOT AND Gate) Digital Logic Gates

U6 U7
A 0 A 0 1
1 Y 2 & 3
? Y
B 0 NAND output B 0 7400.IEC output
inputs inputs
ANSI symbol IEC symbol

Statement: The NAND gate is a digital (logic) circuit where the output is logic 0 ONLY when ALL the inputs are at logic 1,
else the output remains at logic 1. (We can also say: The NAND gate is a logic circuits whose output is the inverse of the
AND gate.

Truth Table Boolean equation Timing diagram

Inputs Output 1
Input A
A B Y 0 time
0 0 1 1
Input B
0 1 1
0 time
1 0 1
1
1 1 0 Output Y
0 time
Notes:

1. The NAND gate can have 3 or more inputs but it gives a logic 0 U8
A 1 U9
output only once, when ALL inputs are high, irrispective of the
number of inputs connected to the gate. 0 Y
2. The NAND gate is the equivalent of a circuit having an AND gate B 1 AND
NOT output
with the output connected to the NOT gate as shown on the right. inputs
Operate the circuit to see that it actaually works like a NAND gate.
 Digital Logic Gates
5. The OR Gate
. ......
U10 U11:A
A 0 .......... A 0 1 .........
.. ? Y ....... 2 1 3
? Y
B 0 OR output B 0 7432 output
inputs inputs
ANSI symbol IEC symbol

Statement: The OR gate is a digital logic circuit that gives a logic 0 ONLY when ALL inputs are low (0),
else the output will remain at logic 1 (or we can say that an OR gate gives a logic 1 output when AT LEAST
one or more of the inputs are at logic 1)

Truth Table Boolean equation Timing diagram

Inputs Output 1
Input A
A B Y 0 time
0 0 0 1
Input B
0 1 1
0 time
1 0 1
1
1 1 1 Output Y
0 time

Notes:

1. The OR gate can have 3 or more inputs but it gives a logic 0

output only once, when ALL inputs are low, irrispective of the
number of inputs connected to the gate.
6. The NOR Gate (NOT OR Gate) Digital Logic Gates
- ----
U12 U13:A
A 0 --- A 0 2 ------
-- ? Y ----- 3 1 1
? Y
B 0 NOR output B 0 7402 output
inputs inputs
ANSI symbol IEC symbol

Statement: The NOR gate is a digital (logic) circuit where the output is logic 1 ONLY when ALL the inputs are at logic 0,
else the output remains at logic 0. (We can also say: The NOR gate is a logic circuits whose output is the inverse of the
OR gate.

Truth Table Boolean equation Timing diagram

Inputs Output 1
Input A
A B Y 0 time
0 0 1 1
Input B
0 1 0
0 time
1 0 0
1
1 1 0 Output Y
0 time
Notes:

1. The NOR gate can have 3 or more inputs but it gives a logic 1 =
U14 U15
output only once, when ALL inputs are low, irrispective of the A 0 ===
number of inputs connected to the gate. == ? Y
2. The NOR gate is the equivalent of a circuit having an OR gate B 0 OR
NOT output
with the output connected to the NOT gate as shown on the right. inputs
Operate the circuit to see that it actaually works like a NOR gate.
7. The EXCLUSIVE-OR (EX-OR or XOR) Gate Digital Logic Gates

__ *
U16 U17:A
A 0 _ A 0 1 ***
___ ? Y ** 2 =1 3
? Y
B 0 XOR output B 0 4077 output
inputs inputs
ANSI symbol IEC symbol

Statement: The EXCLUSIVE-OR (EX-OR) gate is a digital logic circuit that gives a logic 1 ONLY when the inputs are the
inverse of each other (i.e. one is low and the other is high), or else we can say that it gives a logic 0 output when
the inputs are equal.

Truth Table Boolean equation Timing diagram

Inputs Output 1
Input A
A B Y 0 time
0 0 0 1
Input B
0 1 1
0 time
1 0 1
1
1 1 0 Output Y
0 time

Notes:

1. The EX-OR gate can only have 2 inputs.

8. The EXCLUSIVE-NOR (EX-NOR or XNOR) Gate Digital Logic Gates

~ /
U17:B U17:C
A 0 5 ~~~ A 0 8 ///
4
~~ 6 ? Y // 9 =1
10
? Y
B 0 4077 output B 0 4077 output
inputs inputs
ANSI symbol IEC symbol

Statement: The EXCLUSIVE-NOR (EX-NOR) gate is a digital logic circuit that gives a logic 0 ONLY when the inputs are the
inverse of each other (i.e. one is low and the other is high), or else we can say that it gives a logic 1 output when
the inputs are equal.

Truth Table Boolean equation Timing diagram

Inputs Output 1
Input A
A B Y 0 time
0 0 1 1
Input B
0 1 0
0 time
1 0 0
1
1 1 1 Output Y
0 time
Notes:

1. The EX-NOR gate can only have 2 inputs. `

U18 U19
2. We can say that the EX-NOR gate gives an output which is A 0 ```
the opposite of the EX-OR gate. `` ? Y
3. We can draw an equivalent of an EX-NOR gate by connecting B 0 XOR
NOT
output
a NOT gate to the output of an EX-OR gate. Try simulate the inputs
circuit on the right to confirm this.