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Rectangular Components of Velocity and Acceleration SC

The document discusses rectangular components of velocity and acceleration. It defines that when a particle moves along a curved path, its position can be defined by rectangular coordinates x, y, and z at any instant. It then provides an example problem calculating the velocity and acceleration of an object when its y position is 0, given its x and y velocities as functions of time. It also includes sample problems calculating distance, velocity, and acceleration from curved motion paths defined by relationships between x and y coordinates and time.

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LEAH ROSAL
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545 views12 pages

Rectangular Components of Velocity and Acceleration SC

The document discusses rectangular components of velocity and acceleration. It defines that when a particle moves along a curved path, its position can be defined by rectangular coordinates x, y, and z at any instant. It then provides an example problem calculating the velocity and acceleration of an object when its y position is 0, given its x and y velocities as functions of time. It also includes sample problems calculating distance, velocity, and acceleration from curved motion paths defined by relationships between x and y coordinates and time.

Uploaded by

LEAH ROSAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS OF Topic 11.

11
VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS OF VELOCITY AND
ACCELERATION
Curvilinear Motion – W hen a particle moves along a curve other than a straight line
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS OF VELOCITY AND
ACCELERATION
- When the position of the particle P is defined at any instant by its rectangular
coordinates x , y, and z.
DISCUSSION PROBLEM
- An objects curvilinear motion is described by Vx=50-16t and y=100-4t^2 where
Vx is in m/s, y is in meters. It is also known that x=0 if t=0. Calculate the objects
velocity and acceleration when position y=0.

𝑉𝑥 = 50 − 16𝑡 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 By differentiation we get :


𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑉𝑥 ′ 𝐴𝑥 = 50 − 16𝑡 𝑦 = 100 − 4𝑡 2
𝑣 = 50 − 16𝑡 𝑚 𝑉𝑦 = 0 − 4𝑡 2
𝐴𝑥 = −16 𝑚
𝑑𝑥 𝑠2
= 50 − 16𝑡 𝑉𝑦 = −8𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑠
𝐴𝑦 = −8𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 50 − 16𝑑𝑡 8𝑚
𝐴𝑦 = − 2
𝑠
𝑥 = 50𝑡 − 8𝑡 2  Position
DISCUSSION QUESTION
Now what is v and a when y=0 Magnitude
𝑦 = 100 − 4𝑡 2 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑥 2 + 𝑉𝑦 2
0 = 100 − 4𝑡 2 𝑉= −30 2 + −40 2
4𝑡 2 = 100 Sub t = 5s
V = 50 m/s
𝑉𝑦 = −8𝑡
𝑡^2 = 25
𝑡 = 55 𝑉𝑦 = −8 5
𝑚 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑉𝑦 = −40
𝑠 𝑎 = 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐴𝑦 2
Sub t = 5s 𝑎 = −16 2 + (−8)^2
𝑚 𝑚
𝑉𝑥 = 50 − 16𝑡 𝐴𝑦 = −8 𝑎 = 17,89 2
𝑠2 𝑠
𝑉𝑥 = 50 − 16 5
Vx=-30 m/s

Ax= -16 m/s^2


SAMPLE QUESTION #1
- The particle travel along the path defined by the parabola y= 0.5x^2. If the
component of velocity along the axis is Vx=(5t) ft/s. Where t is in seconds, determine
the particles distance from the origin 0 and the magnitude of its acceleration when t=
1s. When t =0, x=0.
Solving :
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑑𝑥 @ t =1
𝑉𝑥 = 5𝑡 =
𝑉𝑥 = 5𝑡 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 𝑑𝑡 𝑥 = 2.5 1 2
𝑦 = 0.5 𝑥 2 𝑥 = 2.5 𝑓𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 5𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑦 = 0.5 2.5 2
5 2 𝑦 = 3.125 𝑓𝑡
𝑥= 𝑡
2 Magnitude
𝑥 = 2.5 𝑡 2
𝑟 = 2.5 2 + 3.125 2

𝑟 = 4 𝑓𝑡
SAMPLE QUESTION #1
Acceleration Acceleration
𝑑𝑣𝑥 𝑑 𝑎 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑦 2
𝐴𝑥 = = 5𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑎= 5 2 + 37.5 2
𝑓𝑡
𝐴𝑥 = 5 2 𝑎 = 37.8 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2
𝑠
Ay = dvy/ dt
𝑉𝑦 = 𝑥 5𝑡
𝑉𝑦 = 2.5𝑡 2 5𝑡
𝑉𝑦 = 12.5 𝑡 3
𝑑
𝐴𝑦 = 12.5 𝑡 3
𝑑𝑡
𝐴𝑦 = 37.5 1 2
𝐴𝑦 = 37.5 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2
SAMPLE QUESTION #2
- An object travels from the origin along a curved path as shown. If its horizon
velocity is Vx=8tm/s, where t is in seconds, determine the magnitudes of its velocity,
acceleration and distance from the origin at t=2s.

Given: Plug in x to y We get Let t = 2


𝑉𝑥 = 8𝑡 1 3/2 𝑟 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑦= 𝑥
1 3 4 𝑟 = 4𝑡 2 𝑖 + 2𝑡 3 𝑟= 4 2 2 𝑖+ 2 2 3
𝑦 = 𝑥2 8
4 𝑦 = 𝑡3 𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑟 = 16𝑖 + 16 𝑗
𝑡=2 4 𝑉 = 8𝑡 𝑖 + 6𝑡 2 𝑗 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑦 = 2𝑡 3 𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑎 𝑉 = 8 2 𝑖+6 2 2𝑗
Derive Vx to get X 𝑎 = 8𝑖 + 12𝑡 𝑗 𝑉 = 16 𝑖 + 24 𝑗
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑉𝑥 = 8𝑡
𝑎 = 8𝑖 + 12 2
𝑎 = 8𝑖 + 24𝑗
𝑥 = 4𝑡 2
SAMPLE QUESTION 2
Magnitude for r Magnitude for V Magnitude for a
𝑟= 16 2 + 16 2 𝑟= 16 2 + 24 2 𝑟= 8 2 + 24 2

𝑟 = 22.6 (𝑚) 𝑟 = 28.8 (𝑚/𝑠) 𝑟 = 25.3 (𝑚/𝑠 2 )


SAMPLE QUESTION #3
- Position of the weather balloon is defined by x=(8t) ft. Where t is in seconds. If the
equation of the path is y=x^2/10, determine the magnitude, velocity and
acceleration when t=2s.
Solving:
𝑥 𝑡 = 8𝑡 𝑓𝑡 𝑥2 𝑥 = 8𝑡
𝑦= 𝑥2 = 8 2
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑥 2 + 𝑣𝑦 2 10
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 = 16 𝑓𝑡
𝑣𝑥 = =𝑥 𝑣𝑦 = = ∗
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡
8𝑓𝑡 𝑑 𝑥2 𝑑 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑥 2 + 𝑉𝑦 2
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦 = ∗ 8𝑡
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑑𝑥 10 𝑑𝑡 𝑉= 8 2 + 25.62
2𝑥
𝑣𝑦 = ∗8 𝑉 = 26.82 𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐
10
𝑣𝑦 = 1.6𝑥
𝑣𝑦 = 1.6 1.6
= 25.6 𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐
SAMPLE QUESTION #3

𝑎= 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑦 2 𝑎= 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑦 2
𝑑 𝑑
𝑎𝑥 = 8 𝑎𝑥 = 8
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑎𝑥 = 0𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2 𝑎𝑥 = 0𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2
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